magistratus: Difference between revisions

{{Lewis

|lshtext=<b>măgistrātus</b>: ūs (contr. form:<br /><b>I</b> [[magistras]] [[primus]], Inscr. Orell. 3798), m. [[magister]], the [[office]] or [[rank]] of a [[magister]], a magisterial [[office]], [[civil]] [[office]], [[magistracy]].<br /><b>I</b> Lit.: honores, [[magistratus]], imperia, potestates, Cic. Lael. 17, 63: magistratūs mandare, id. Mur 35, 74: [[dare]], id. Agr. 2, 10, 26: alicui committere, id. Planc. 25, 61: magistratum habere, id. Verr. 2, 4, 61, § 137: obtinere, to [[hold]], [[administer]], Caes. B. G. 7, 33: ingredi, to [[enter]] [[upon]], Sall. J. 47: magistratu abire, to [[resign]], Cic. Leg. 3, 20, 47: se abdicare, Dig. 1, 2, 2: deponere, Caes. B. G. 7, 33: in magistratu manere, to [[remain]] in [[office]], Liv. 5, 11: esse, id. 5, 28: aliquid gerere in magistratu, Cic. Leg. 3, 20, 47: hoc mihi [[deposco]], [[quod]] agam in magistratu, id. Verr. 1, 12, 36: lex est generale jussum populi aut [[plebis]], rogante magistratu, Att. Cap. ap. Gell. 10, 20, 2.—There were [[two]] kinds of [[civil]] offices in [[Rome]], [[magistratus]] [[extraordinarii]] and ordinarii. To the [[former]] belonged the dictators, the magistri equitum, the [[duumviri]] perduellionis, the quaestores rerum capitalium, the [[triumviri]] mensarii, etc. The [[latter]] were divided [[into]] the majores: the consulate, [[praetorship]], and [[censorship]]; and the minores, to [[which]] belonged the aediles, the quaestors, the tribuni [[plebis]], the [[triumviri]], etc. Besides these, [[there]] were [[magistratus]] [[patricii]], [[which]], at [[first]], were [[filled]] by patricians; and, on the [[other]] [[hand]], [[magistratus]] plebeii, [[which]] were [[filled]] from the [[plebs]]; curules, [[who]] had the [[privilege]] of using the [[sella]] [[curulis]], [[namely]], the consuls, censors, praetors, and aediles curules. On the [[distinction]] [[between]] [[magistratus]] majores and minores, v. esp. Gell. 13, 15, 4; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 157.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Esp.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; When [[magistratus]] and imperia are joined [[together]], the [[former]] denotes magisterial offices in [[Rome]], and the [[latter]] the [[authority]] of officers in the provinces: [[magistratus]] et imperia [[minime]] mihi cupiunda videntur, Sall. J. 3; cf.: juris dictionem de fidei commissis, [[quot]] annis et [[tantum]] in urbe delegari magistratibus solitam, in perpetuum [[atque]] [[etiam]] per provincias potestatibus demandavit, Suet. Claud. 23: [[magistratus]], as a [[general]] [[rule]], is used of [[civil]] offices [[alone]], and [[only]] by [[way]] of [[exception]] of [[military]] commands; the [[latter]] were called imperia: abstinentiam [[neque]] in imperiis, [[neque]] in magistratibus praestitit, Suet. Caes. 54.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Of [[military]] commands: erat in classe [[Chabrias]] [[privatus]], sed omnes, qui in magistratu erant, auctoritate anteibat, Nep. Chabr. 4, 1.—<br /><b>II</b> Transf., a [[magistrate]], [[public]] functionary: quae vox ([[magistratus]]) duabus significationibus notatur. Nam aut personam ipsam demonstrat, ut cum dicimus: [[magistratus]] jussit; aut honorem, ut cum dicimus: Tito [[magistratus]] [[datus]] est, Paul. ex Fest. p. 126 Müll.: est proprium [[munus]] magistratūs, intelligere, se gerere personam civitatis, Cic. Off. 1, 34, 124; Sall. J. 19: seditiosi, id. ib. 73: creare [[magistratus]], Liv. 5, 17: his [[enim]] magistratibus legati Romam venerunt, in [[their]] consulate, Nep. Hann. 7: [[inter]] filium magistratum et patrem privatum, Gell. 2, 2. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Esp., [[sing]]. [[collect]]., the [[body]] of magistrates, the [[municipal]] [[administration]] (cf. Gr. [[ἀρχή]] = ἄρχοντες; not in Cic.): ad magistratum senatumque Lacedaemoniorum, Nep. Them. 7. 4; id. Lys. 4, 3; id. Epam. 4, 3.

{{Georges

|georg=magistrātus, ūs, m. ([[magister]]), I) das [[Amt]]-, die [[Würde]] eines [[magister]], das obrigkeitliche [[Amt]] in Rom, magistratum petere, dare, mandare, habere, Cic.: m. obtinere, Caes.: m. gerere, [[verwalten]], Cic. (u. so [[magistratus]] gerere, imperia suscipere, Lact.): m. inire od. ingredi, Sall., od. accipere, [[antreten]], Liv.: magistratum deponere, Caes., od. magistratu abire, Cic.: in magistratu manere, Liv.: magistratum continuare, Liv.: in magistratu [[esse]], Liv.: monumenta ([[Akten]]) rerum in magistratu gestarum, Plin. – v. den Ehrenstellen [[außerhalb]] Roms, in Sizilien, Cic.: in Gallien, Caes. – II) meton., v. dem, der [[ein]] obrigkeitliches [[Amt]] verwaltet, eine [[Magistratsperson]], eine obrigkeitliche [[Person]], der [[Staatsbeamte]] ([[unterschieden]] in [[magistratus]] ordinarii od. [[extraordinarii]], je [[nachdem]] [[sie]] [[regelmäßig]] u. zu bestimmten Zeiten od. [[nur]] [[außerordentlich]] [[unter]] bestimmten Umständen [[gewählt]] wurden; in curules od. [[non]] curules, je [[nachdem]] ihnen die [[sella]] [[curulis]] zustand od. [[nicht]]; in [[patricii]] od. plebeii, je [[nachdem]] [[sie]] aus dem [[Patrizier]]- [[oder]] Plebejerstande genommen wurden; in maiores od. minores (od. inferioris iuris), je [[nachdem]] [[sie]] auspicia maiora od. minora [[halten]] durften, ([[wobei]] [[noch]] zu [[bemerken]], daß die mag. mai. in den Zenturiatkomitien, die mag. [[min]]. in den Tributkomitien [[bestimmt]] wurden), est [[proprium]] [[munus]] [[magistratus]] intellegere, se gerere personam civitatis, Cic.: creare [[magistratus]], Liv.: oppida per [[magistratus]] administrare, Sall.: [[magistratus]] intermittere, die weltlichen Behörden [[suspendieren]], Caes.: his magistratibus, [[unter]] ihrer [[Amtsführung]], -ihrem Konsulate, Nep. – Ggstz., [[magistratus]] an [[privatus]], Quint.: [[inter]] filium magistratum et patrem privatum, Gell. – Sing. kollektiv = das Beamtenkollegium, die obrigkeitliche [[Behörde]], [[Obrigkeit]] ([[wie]] im Griech. [[ἀρχή]] = ἄρχοντες), Nep. Them. 7, 4; Lys. 4, 3 ([[bei]] [[Cicero]] u.a. Plur. [[magistratus]]). – / Abl. magistrato, Lex [[colon]]. Genet. im Corp. inscr. Lat. 2, 5439, 4, 2. lin. 4: Nomin. Plur. magistratuus, Corp. inscr. Lat. 10, 3678, magistrates, [[Charis]]. 32, 26, magistrati, Fasti Philocali 31. Dec. im Corp. inscr. Lat. 1², p. 278: Akk. Plur. macistratos, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 195. lin. 3.

}}