perdo: Difference between revisions

{{Lewis

|lshtext=<b>per-do</b>: dĭdi, ditum, 3 (old form of the<br /><b>I</b> pres. subj. perduim, Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 6: [[perduis]], id. Am. 2, 2, 215; id. Capt. 3, 5, 70: perduit, id. Ep. 1, 1, 64; id. Poen. 3, 4, 29; [[but]] esp. freq., perduint, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 61; id. Aul. 4, 10, 55; id. Curc. 5, 3, 41; id. Cas. 3, 5, 17; id. Most. 3, 1, 138; id. Men. 2, 2, 34; 3, 1, 6; 5, 5, 31; id. Merc. 4, 3, 11; 4, 4, 53; id. Poen. 3, 2, 33; 4, 2, 41; id. Stich. 4, 2, 15; id. Truc. 2, 3, 10; Ter. Heaut. 4, 6, 7; id. Hec. 3, 4, 27; id. Phorm. 1, 2, 73; Cic. Deiot. 7, 21; id. Att. 15, 4, 3.—As the [[pass]]. of [[perdo]], [[only]] [[pereo]], [[perditus]], perire [[appear]] to be in [[good]] [[use]].—The [[only]] classical [[example]] of a [[pass]]. form in the pres. is: perditur haec [[inter]] [[misero]] lux non [[sine]] votis, Hor. S. 2, 6, 59 (K. and H. ad loc.), [[where]] Lachm., perh. [[needlessly]], reads lux porgitur, the [[day]] seems [[too]] [[long]] for me.—In the [[pass]]. perdi, in [[late]] Lat.;<br /> v. [[infra]]), v. a., to [[make]] [[away]] [[with]]; to [[destroy]], [[ruin]]; to [[squander]], [[dissipate]], [[throw]] [[away]], [[waste]], [[lose]], etc. ([[class]].; syn.: [[dissipo]], [[perimo]], [[deleo]]).<br /><b>I</b> Lit.: aliquem perditum [[ire]], Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 5: [[Juppiter]] [[fruges]] perdidit, Cic. Rosc. Am. 45, 131: [[funditus]] civitatem, id. Att. 6, 1, 5: se ipsum [[penitus]], id. Fin. 1, 15, 49: perdere et affligere cives, id. Rosc. Am. 12, 33: perdere et pessundare aliquem, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 3: aliquem capitis, i. e. to [[charge]] [[with]] a [[capital]] [[offence]], id. As. 1, 2, 6; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 86: sumat, consumat, perdat, [[squander]], Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 56; so, perde et peri, Plaut. Truc. 5, 59: perdere et profundere, to [[waste]], Cic. Fam. 5, 5, 3: perdere [[tempus]], id. de Or. 3, 36, 146: operam, id. Mur. 10, 23; cf.: [[oleum]] et operam, id. Fam. 7, 1, 3: [[Decius]] amisit vitam: at non perdidit, Auct. Her. 4, 44, 57: [[cur]] perdis adulescentem nobis? [[cur]] amat? Cur potat? Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 36.—In execrations ([[very]] [[common]]): di (deaeque omnes) te perduint, [[may]] the gods [[destroy]] [[you]]! See the passages [[with]] perduint cited init.—Pass. ([[late]] Lat.): verbis perderis [[ipse]] tuis, Prosp. Epigr.: impii de terrā perdentur, Vulg. Prov. 2, 22: [[quasi]] [[sterquilinium]] in [[fine]] perdetur, id. Job, 20, 7.—<br /><b>II</b> Transf., in gen., to [[lose]] [[utterly]] or irrecoverably: eos (liberos), Cic. Fam. 5, 16, 3: omnes [[fructus]] industriae et fortunae, id. ib. 4, 6, 2: litem, to [[lose]] one's [[cause]], id. de Or. 1, 36, 167: libertatem, id. Rab. Post. 9, 24: dextram manum, Plin. 7, 28, 29, § 104: memoriam, Cic. Sen. 7, 21: causam, id. Rosc. Com. 4, 11: spem, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 3: vitam, Mart. Spect. 13, 2: perii [[hercle]]! [[nomen]] perdidi, i. e. I [[have]] [[quite]] forgotten the [[name]], Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 39.—Pass. ([[late]] Lat.): si principis [[vita]] perditur, Amm. 14, 5, 4; Hor. S. 2, 6, 59 (v. [[supra]]).—Of [[loss]] at [[play]]: ne perdiderit, non cessat perdere [[lusor]], Ov. A. A. 1, 451; Juv. 1, 93.—Hence, perdĭtus, a, um, P. a., [[lost]], i. e.,<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> Hopeless, [[desperate]], [[ruined]], [[past]] [[recovery]] ([[class]].; syn. [[profligatus]]): [[perditus]] [[sum]], i. q. perii, I am [[lost]]! Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 6; id. Rud. 5, 1, 3: per fortunas vide, ne puerum perditum perdamus, Cic. Fam. 14, 1, 5: [[perditus]] aere [[alieno]], id. Phil. 2, 32, 78: lacrimis ac maerore [[perditus]], id. Mur. 40, 86: tu omnium mortalium perditissime, id. Verr. 2, 3, 26, § 64: rebus omnibus perditis, id. Caecin. 31, 90: senatoria judicia, id. Verr. 1, 3, 8: [[valetudo]], id. Tusc. 5, 10, 29.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In partic., desperately in [[love]]; [[lost]], [[ruined]] by [[love]] ([[poet]].): amore haec perdita est, Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 13: in puellā, Prop. 1, 13, 7: [[amor]], Cat. 89, 2.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Lost in a [[moral]] [[sense]], [[abandoned]], [[corrupt]], [[profligate]], [[flagitious]], [[incorrigible]]: [[adulescens]] [[perditus]] ac [[dissolutus]], Cic. Tusc. 4, 25, 55: [[homo]] [[contaminatus]], [[perditus]], [[flagitiosus]], id. Verr. 2, 3, 58, § 134: abjecti homines et perditi, id. Mil. 18, 47; id. Cat. 1, 6, 9: [[homo]] perditā nequitiā, id. Clu. 13, 36: perdita [[atque]] dissoluta consilia, id. Agr. 2, 20, 55: luxuriae ac lasciviae perditae, Suet. Calig. 25: [[nihil]] fieri potest miserius, [[nihil]] perditius, [[nihil]] foedius, Cic. Att. 8, 11, 4; id. Q. Fr. 3, 9, 1; Cat. 42, 13.—Hence, [[sup]].: omnium mortalium perditissimus, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 26, § 65; Just. 21, 5, 5.—Adv.: perdĭtē.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In an [[abandoned]] [[manner]], [[incorrigibly]]: se gerere, Cic. Att. 9, 2, A, 2.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Desperately, [[excessively]]: [[amare]], Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 32: conari, Quint. 2, 12, 5.

{{Georges

|georg=per-do, didī, ditum, ere, gleichs. [[zugrunde]] [[geben]]; dah. I) (im [[Passiv]] gew. [[pereo]], [[perditus]], perire, s. Lachm. Lucr. p. 121) [[zugrunde]] [[richten]], [[vernichten]], [[verderben]], [[ruinieren]], [[unglücklich]] [[machen (Ggstz. servare), A) im allg.: alqm, Cic.: puerum perditum perdere, [[vollends]] [[zugrunde]] [[richten]], Cic.: perd. [[funditus]] civitatem, Cic.: [[desiderium]] per luxum [[atque]] libidinem pereundi perdendique [[omnia]], Liv.: alqm capitis perdere, jmd. ums [[Leben]] [[bringen]], dem Tode [[preisgeben]], Plaut. asin. 132; Bacch. 490; mil. 371. Gell. 1, 3, 4: [[nos]] [[quidem]] miseras perdidit, [[sie]] hat [[uns]] ([[durch]] ihren [[Tod]]) in die tiefste [[Trauer]] versetzt, Ter. Andr. 803: [[quae]] ([[mors]]) omnes cives perdiderit et afflixerit, [[für]] alle B. [[ein]] harter [[Schlag]] war, Cic. Rosc. Am. 33. – poet., p. serpentem, [[töten]], Ov.: [[aethera]] umbrā, [[verdunkeln]], Val. Flacc. – im [[Passiv]] verbis perderis [[ipse]] tuis, [[Prosper]] epigr.: impii de [[terra]] perdentur, Vulg. prov. 2, 22: ne cum istis iudicer et perdar in die iudicii, Augustin. serm. 5, 3: [[quasi]] [[sterquilinium]] in [[fine]] perdetur, Vulg. [[Iob]] 20, 7: ut licentiosis cupiditatibus domitis [[haec]] vitia perderentur, Augustin. epist. 138, 14. – B) insbes.: 1) [[vertun]], [[verschwenden]], [[unnütz]] [[vergeuden]], [[fortunas]], Ter. – operam od. [[oleum]] et operam, Cic.: blanditias, Ov.: [[quae]] [[ego]] si [[non]] profundere ac perdere videbor, Cic.: mortem od. [[letum]], Sen. u. Lucan.: [[Decius]] amisit vitam, at [[non]] perdidit, Cornif. rhet.: [[tempus]], Cic. u. Sen.: poteras has horas [[non]] perdere, konntest [[sie]] [[sparen]], Plin. ep.: perditur [[haec]] [[inter]] [[misero]] [[lux]] [[non]] [[sine]] votis, Hor. [[sat]]. 2, 6, 59 (wo Lachmann [[unnötig]] porgitur = porrigitur [[lesen]] will; vgl. no. I, A u. no. II, A die Beisp. m. [[Passiv]]). – 2) [[moralisch]] [[verderben]], [[cur]] perdis adulescentem [[nobis]]? Ter.: imperii [[mores]], Plin. – II) übtr., [[unwiederbringlich]] [[verlieren]], [[verlustig]] [[gehen]], [[verlustig]] [[werden]], um [[etwas]] [[kommen]], A) im allg.: vidulum cum [[auro]] [[atque]] argento [[multo]], Plaut.: [[arma]], zonam, Hor.: liberos, Cic.: vocem, Cic.: oculos, Cic.: vitam, Mart. (u. im [[Passiv]] si principis [[vita]] perditur, Amm. 14, 5, 4 [wo Gardth. periclitetur]): litem, Cic.: spem, Plaut. u. Liv.: fugam, den [[Weg]] zur Fl., Mart. – [[nomen]], [[vergessen]], Ter.: [[qui]] se putaret [[nihil]] habere, [[quod]] de existimatione perderet, Cornif. rhet.: ne [[quid]] [[aut]] ex amore [[aut]] ex iudicio tuo perdam, Planc. in Cic. ep. – B) insbes., im Spiele [[verlieren]], [[quod]] in [[alea]] perdiderat, der Spielverlust, Cic.: absol., [[non]] cessat perdere [[lusor]], Ov.: lucrandi perdendive [[temeritas]], [[Spielwut]], Tac. – / Vulg. Perf. perdedi, Corp. inscr. Lat. 7, 140 (wo perdedit). – archaist. Coniunct. Praes. [[perduim]], is, it, int, Plaut. aul. 672; Amph. 845; Epid. 66 u.a. Ter. heaut. 811 u.a.: u. in der [[Verwünschungsformel]] di te (istum u. dgl.) perduint! Cic. Deiot. 21; ad Att. 15, 4, 3. Apul. [[met]]. 9. 21; apol. 75.

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