prae: Difference between revisions

{{Lewis

|lshtext=<b>prae</b>: adv., and prep. [[with]] abl. [for prai, [[kindred]] [[with]] Sanscr. prefix pra-, [[before]]; Gr. πρό, [[πρίν]], [[πρόσω]]; cf.: pro, [[prior]], [[porro]], [[primus]].<br /><b>I</b> Adv., [[before]], in [[front]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> Lit. ([[ante]]-[[class]].): abi [[prae]], [[Sosia]], Jam ego sequar, go [[before]], go in [[advance]], Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 45: i [[prae]], sequar, Ter. And. 1, 1, 144; id. Eun. 5, 2, 69: i tu [[prae]], [[virgo]]; non [[queo]], [[quod]] [[pone]] me est, servare, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 1: [[age]], [[age]] [[nunc]] tu, i [[prae]], id. Pers. 4, 4, 56.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Trop., as a [[particle]] of [[comparison]], [[with]] ut, [[quam]], or [[quod]] (also written in one [[word]], [[praeut]] and [[praequam]]; cf. Wagner ad Plaut. Aul. 503), in [[comparison]] [[with]], compared [[with]] ([[ante]]- and [[post]]-[[class]]. and colloq.): [[parum]] [[etiam]], [[praeut]] futurum est praedicas, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 218; id. Bacch. 4, 9, 5: [[immo]] [[noster]] [[nunc]] [[quidem]] est de verbis, [[prae]] ut [[dudum]] fuit, id. Men. 5, 5, 33; 2, 3, 25: [[nihil]] [[hercle]] [[quidem]] hoc, Prae ut [[alia]] dicam, id. Mil. 1, 1, 20; id. Merc. 2, 4, 2: ludum dices fuisse, [[praeut]] hujus [[rabies]] quae dabit, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 9: [[satin']] parva res est voluptatum in vitā [[atque]] in aetate agundā, [[praequam]] [[quod]] molestum'st? in [[comparison]] [[with]] the [[trouble]], Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 2: [[nihil]] hoc est, [[triginta]] [[minae]], [[prae]] [[quam]] alios [[dapsilis]] [[sumptus]] facit, id. Most. 4, 2, 62 Lorenz ad loc.: jam minoris omnia [[facio]] [[prae]] [[quam]] quibus modis Me [[ludificatus]] est, id. ib. 5, 2, 25: sed hoc [[etiam]] pulcrum'st [[praequam]] [[sumptus]] ubi petunt, id. Aul. 3, 5, 33; id. Merc. prol. 23: quae [[etsi]] longioribus verbis comprehensa est [[praequam]] illud Graecum, etc., Gell. 16, 1, 3: [[immo]] res [[omnis]] relictas [[habeo]] [[prae]] [[quod]] tu velis, Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 38.—<br /><b>II</b> Prep. [[with]] abl. ([[with]] acc.: [[prae]] cornua, [[prae]] litteras, Petr. 39, 12; 46, 1), [[before]], in [[front]] of, in [[advance]] of.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> Lit.: cavendum erit, ut ([[villa]]) a [[tergo]] [[potius]] [[quam]] [[prae]] se [[flumen]] habeat, [[before]] it, Col. 1, 5, 4: limina [[alia]] [[prae]] aliis erant, App. de Mundo, p. 69, 22.—Esp. freq.: [[prae]] se ferre, agere, mittere, to [[bear]], [[carry]], [[drive]], or [[send]] [[before]] one's [[self]]: [[ille]] qui stillantem [[prae]] se pugionem tulit, Cic. Phil. 2, 12, 30: argenti [[prae]] se in aerarium tulit [[quattuordecim]] milia [[pondo]], Liv. 28, 38, 5: [[prae]] se ferens Darium puerum, Suet. Calig. 19: [[prae]] se [[armentum]] [[agens]], Liv. 1, 7, 4: singulos [[prae]] se inermes mittere, Sall. J. 94, 2: [[prae]] manu, and, [[less]] freq., [[prae]] manibus, at [[hand]], on [[hand]] ([[ante]]- and postclass.): patri reddidi omne [[aurum]], [[quod]] fuit [[prae]] manu, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 3, 9; Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 23: cum [[prae]] manu [[debitor]] (pecuniam) non haberet, Dig. 13, 7, 27: si Caesaris [[liber]] [[prae]] manibus est, promi jubeas, Gell. 19, 8, 6: aes si [[forte]] [[prae]] manu non fuerit, App. M. 6, p. 180, 30.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Trop.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In gen.: [[prae]] se ferre, [[less]] freq., [[prae]] se gerere, declarare, etc., [[prop]]. to [[carry]] [[before]] one's [[self]]. as if to [[show]] it; [[hence]], to [[show]], [[exhibit]], [[manifest]], [[reveal]], [[make]] [[known]], [[betray]], [[discover]], [[indicate]] (freq. and [[class]].), Cic. Agr. 2, 2, 4: [[fortasse]] ceteri tectiores: ego [[semper]] me didicisse, [[prae]] me [[tuli]], id. Or. 42, 146: nec [[vero]] cum venit, [[prae]] se fert, aut qui [[sit]] aut [[unde]] veniat, id. Rep. 2, 3, 6: [[scelus]] et [[facinus]] [[prae]] se ferens et confitens, id. Mil. 16, 43: ceteris [[prae]] se fert et ostentat, id. Att. 2, 23, 3: beata [[vita]] glorianda et praedicanda et [[prae]] se ferenda est: [[nihil]] est [[enim]] aliud [[quod]] praedicandum et [[prae]] se ferendum [[sit]], id. Tusc. 5, 17, 50: conjecturam [[prae]] se gerere. id. Inv. 2, 9, 30: animum [[altum]] et erectum [[prae]] se gerebat, Auct. B. Afr. 10: [[prae]] se declarant gaudia vultu, Cat. 64, 34: [[prae]] se maximam speciem ostentare, App. Flor. p. 342, 10.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In partic., in comparisons, in [[comparison]] [[with]], compared [[with]] ([[mostly]] in comparisons [[which]] [[imply]] a [[contrast]] of [[kind]]; [[while]] [[praeter]] refers to a [[contrast]] of [[degree]] [[only]]: [[dives]] [[prae]] ceteris, in [[contrast]] [[with]] the others, [[who]] are [[poor]]: [[dives]] [[praeter]] ceteros, richer [[than]] the [[other]] [[rich]] ones; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 894).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With [[positive]] adj. ([[class]].;<br /> v. [[infra]]): omnia [[prae]] meo [[commodo]], Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 9: omnium [[unguentum]] [[odor]] [[prae]] tuo [[nautea]] est, Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 5; id. Men. 1, 2, 67: Gallis [[prae]] magnitudine corporum suorum [[brevitas]] nostra contemptui est, Caes. B. G. 2, 30: [[prae]] divitiis, Liv. 3, 26: videbant omnes [[prae]] [[illo]] parvi futuros, Nep. Eum. 10, 4; Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 96: veros illos Atticos [[prae]] se [[paene]] agrestes putat, id. Brut. 83, 286: ab [[isto]] [[prae]] lucro praedāque nec vectigalium nec posteritatis habitam esse rationem, id. Verr. 2, 3, 55, § 128: non tu [[quidem]] [[vacuus]] molestiis, sed [[prae]] nobis [[beatus]], id. Fam. 4, 4, 2; Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 4: ([[stultitia]]) [[prae]] ceteris parit immensas cupiditates, Auct. Her. 2, 22, 34.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; So [[with]] comp. for [[quam]] ([[ante]]- and [[post]]-[[class]].): [[atque]] me minoris [[facio]] [[prae]] [[illo]], Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 85: id [[prae]] [[illo]], [[quod]] honestum nobis est, [[fit]] plenius, Gell. 1, 3, 25; Front. Ep. ad M. Caes. 1, 2; Hier. in Psa. 44, 3; Aug. c. Acad. 1, 22.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In giving the [[cause]], [[which]], as it were, goes [[before]], for, [[because]] of, by [[reason]] of, on [[account]] of ([[class]]. [[only]] of a hinderance; [[with]] an [[express]] or [[implied]] [[negation]]; or [[with]] vix, v. Zumpt, § 310): Ulixi cor frixit [[prae]] pavore, Liv. Andron. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 1, 92: [[prae]] laetitiā lacrumae praesiliunt mihi, Plaut. Stich. 3, 2, 13: [[prae]] lassitudine [[opus]] est ut lavem, id. Truc. 2, 3, 7; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 71: [[prae]] gaudio ubi sim [[nescio]], id. ib. 2, 3, 67: vivere non [[quit]] Prae macie, Lucr. 4, 1167: nec loqui [[prae]] maerore potuit, Cic. Planc. 41, 99: quorum [[ille]] [[nomen]] [[prae]] metu ferre non poterat, id. Phil. 13, 9, 20: solem [[prae]] jaculorum multitudine non videbitis, id. Tusc. 1, 42, 101: [[prae]] irā, Liv. 31, 24 fin.: vix sibimet ipsi [[prae]] nec opinato gaudio credentes, id. 39, 49.—In [[composition]], [[prae]] [[usually]] denotes,<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> Before: [[praedico]], [[praebibo]], [[praecaveo]], etc.; so [[too]], [[praeceps]], headforemost, [[headlong]].—In [[time]]: [[praecanus]], [[gray]] [[before]] one's [[time]].—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Enhancing the [[main]] [[idea]], qs. in [[advance]] of others: [[praealtus]], [[extremely]] [[high]]: [[praeclarus]], [[very]] [[celebrated]]; [[praevalidus]], [[very]] [[strong]], etc.

{{Georges

|georg=prae, Adv. u. Praep. (altindisch pur, [[vor]], vormals, griech. [[παραί]], [[bei]], [[verwandt]] [[mit]] per, [[pro]], [[por]], griech. [[παρά]], [[περί]], [[πρό]]), I) Adv., [[voran]], [[voraus]], i [[prae]], [[abi]] [[prae]], Plaut. u. Ter. – bildl., in den Verbndgg.: [[prae]] [[quam]], [[prae]] ut od. [[praequam]], [[praeut]], im Vergleiche [[mit]] dem, daß usw., [[gegen]] das [[wie]] (od. daß), [[nihil]] [[hoc]] est [[praequam]] alios [[sumptus]] facit, Plaut.: ludum iocumque dicet illum alterum [[praeut]] huius [[rabies]] [[quae]] dabit, [[gegen]] das, [[wie]] der [[erst]] [[rasen]] wird, im [[Vergleich]] [[mit]] der [[Raserei]] dieses Menschen, Ter. – II) Praep. m. Abl. (solözist. [[mit]] Acc., [[wie]] Petron. 39, 12; 46, 1), A) eig. u. bildl. = [[vor]], [[vorher]], [[prae]] se mittere, Sall.: [[prae]] se agere [[armentum]], [[vor]] [[sich]] hertreiben, Liv., captivos, Curt.: pugionem [[prae]] se tulit, [[vor]] [[sich]] gehalten, Cic.: dona ferunt [[prae]] se, Catull.: [[villa]] a [[tergo]] [[potius]] [[quam]] [[prae]] se [[flumen]] habeat, Colum. – bildl., in den Verbndgg. [[prae]] se ferre, [[vor]] [[sich]] her-, zur [[Schau]] [[tragen]], [[offen]] an den [[Tag]] [[legen]], [[scelus]], vocem, Cic.: so [[auch]] [[prae]] se gerere, Cornif. rhet. u. Cic. – [[prae]] manu, [[vor]] der [[Hand]], [[bei]] der [[Hand]], zur [[Hand]], [[aurum]], [[quod]] fuit [[prae]] manu, Plaut.: si [[prae]] manu dederis, Ter.: si [[liber]] [[prae]] manibus est, Gell. – B) übtr.: 1) [[bei]] Gegenüberstellungen, Vergleichungen zur [[Angabe]] [[dessen]], [[was]] dem anderen in [[irgend]] [[etwas]] zuvorgekommen ist, dasselbe [[also]] [[hinter]] [[sich]] zurückläßt = [[vor]], [[gegen]], im Vergleiche [[mit]], [[prae]] [[nobis]] [[beatus]], Cic.: Saguntini [[fide]] [[atque]] aerumnis incluti [[prae]] mortalibus, Sall. fr.: omnes [[prae]] [[illo]] parvos futuros, Nep.: Atticos [[prae]] se agrestes putat, Cic. – zur Bezeichnung [[des]] Vorzugs, [[omnia]] [[sibi]] postputavit [[esse]] [[prae]] [[meo]] [[commodo]], Ter.: [[prae]] omnibus [[unus]], [[vor]] allen, [[mehr]] [[als]] alle, Verg. – 2) zur [[Angabe]] [[des]] hindernden Grundes in negativen Sätzen = [[vor]], [[wegen]], [[reliqua]] [[prae]] lacrimis scribere [[non]] [[possum]], Cic.: [[nec]] loqui [[prae]] maerore potuit, Cic.: so [[auch]] [[prae]] metu, Cic.: [[prae]] gaudio, Ter.: [[prae]] [[ira]], Liv.

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