severus: Difference between revisions

{{Lewis

|lshtext=<b>sĕvērus</b>: a, um, adj. perh. kindr. [[with]] [[serius]],<br /><b>I</b> [[serious]], [[grave]], [[strict]], [[austere]], [[stern]], [[severe]] in [[aspect]], demeanor, [[conduct]], etc. (of persons and things; [[serius]] [[regularly]] [[only]] of things; v. [[serius]]; [[class]]. and freq.).<br /><b>I</b> Of persons: nam te omnes saevom severumque commemorant, Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 6: [[quam]] [[severus]]! Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 21; id. Eun. 2, 1, 21: [[civis]] [[severus]] et [[gravis]], Cic. Lael. 25, 95; cf.: omnium gravissimus et severissimus, etc., id. de Or. 2, 56, 228: [[Tubero]] ([[Stoicus]]) vitā [[severus]], id. Brut. 31, 117; cf.: Stoicorum [[secta]] severissima, Quint. 1, 10, 15: agricolae, hardended by [[toil]], [[rugged]], Lucr. 5, 1357: [[Cures]], Verg. A. 8, 638: [[Zethus]], Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 42; cf. in comp.: rumores senum severiorum, Cat. 5, 2.—Of those [[who]] [[live]] a [[sober]] and [[temperate]] [[life]]: at vos [[hinc]] abite, lymphae, Vini [[pernicies]] et ad severos Migrate, Cat. 27, 6: adimam cantare severis, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 10; 1, 5, 13: legis custodes, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 5, 18: [[neque]] [[severus]] esse (potest) in judicando, qui alios in se severos esse judices non vult, id. Imp. Pomp. 13, 38; so, judices severi in eos solos, id. Clu. 20, 56; cf.: severissimos [[atque]] integerrimos judices, id. Verr. 1, 10, 30: ex familiā ad judicandum severissimā, id. ib.: ubi haec [[severus]] te [[palam]] laudaveram, Hor. Epod. 11, 19: [[auctor]] e severissimis, Plin. 11, 52, 114, § 274: Aristolaus e severissimis pictoribus fuit, id. 35, 11, 40, § 137 (for [[which]], [[just]] [[before]]: austerior colore).—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> In a [[bad]] [[sense]], [[harsh]], [[rough]], [[crabbed]], [[rigid]], [[severe]] ([[rare]]): [[Neptunus]] [[saevus]] severusque, Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 6: [[idem]] [[acerbe]] [[severus]] in filium, Cic. Off. 3, 31, 112 dub. (a [[passage]] bracketed by B. and K.): in me severior [[quam]] in vos, Liv. 7, 40, 7; Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 21: Eumenidum [[turba]], Prop. 4 (5), 11, 22; cf. II. B.—<br /><b>II</b> Of things, [[grave]], [[serious]], [[severe]], [[austere]], etc.: severā fronte curas cogitans, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 46: [[vultus]] severior et tristior, Cic. de Or. 2, 71, 289; cf. Hor. A. P 107: [[frons]], Ov. Tr. 2, 241: Falernum, [[rough]], [[sharp]], [[tart]] (syn. austerum), Hor. C. 1, 27, 9: divaeque (Palladis) severas Fronde ligare comas, Stat. Achill. 1, 288: [[animus]] (opp. [[mitis]]), Quint. 3, 9, 7: [[disciplina]] [[maxime]] severa, id. 1, 2, 5: imperia severiora, Cic. Tusc. 4, 19, 43: judicia severa, id. Verr. 2, 4, 59, § 133: lex, Ov. P. 3, 3, 57: severiora judicia, Quint. 4, 2, 122: severiores leges, id. 12, 1, 40; cf.: [[Lycurgus]] severissimarum justissimarumque legum [[auctor]], Vell. 1, 6, 3: imperii severissimi vir, Liv. 4, 26: [[quod]] ego dixi per jocum, Id eventurum esse et severum et serium, Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 51: linque severa, Hor. C. 3, 8, 28: [[paulo]] severior [[poena]], Sall. C. 51, 15.—Of [[style]]: sententiae graves et severae, Cic. Brut. 95, 325: [[triste]] et severum [[genus]] dicendi, id. ib. 30, 113; so Quint. 2, 4, 6; 6, 3, 102; 9, 4, 63 sq.; 10, 1, 131 al.; cf.: severae [[Musa]] tragoediae, Hor. C. 2, 1, 9: fidibus voces crevere severis, id. A. P. 216.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Severe, [[dreadful]], [[gloomy]]: [[severus]] Uncus abest, Hor. C. 1, 35, 19: silentia noctis, Lucr. 4, 460: heims, Quint. Decl. 4, 14: amnem Cocyti metuet, Verg. G. 3, 37; cf. absol.: Si. Accurrite, Ne se interimat ... Me. Hau! voluisti [[istuc]] severum facere? this [[horrible]] [[deed]], Plaut. Cist. 3, 15 ([[but]] in Lucr. 5, 35 the [[correct]] [[read]]. is [[pelage]] sonora; v. Lachm. ad h. l.).—Hence, adv., in [[three]] forms, [[severe]] ([[class]].), [[severiter]] (anteand [[post]]-[[class]].), and severum ([[post]]-[[class]].).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> sĕvērē, [[gravely]], [[seriously]], [[austerely]], [[rigidly]], [[severely]], Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 19: [[graviter]] et [[severe]] voluptatem secernit a bono, id. Fin. 2, 8, 24: vetuit ([[with]] [[graviter]]), Quint. 11, 3, 148: uti judicio, id. 1, 3, 4: aestimatae lites, Cic. Mur. 20, 42; 25, 51: vindicare Hiempsalis mortem, Sall. J. 15, 3: dicere, Cic. Off. 1, 37, 134; Quint. 6, 3, 101; 8, 3, 40: domesticam disciplinam regere, Suet. Caes. 48.—Comp.: ad aliquem severius scribere, Caes. B. C. 3, 25: adhibere aliquem, Cic. Att. 10, 12, 3: coërcere matrimonia, Just. 3, 3, 8. —Sup.: sunt qui voluptatem severissime contemnant, Cic. Off. 1, 21, 71; so, exacta [[aetas]], id. Rosc. Com. 15, 44: dicere jus, Suet. Caes. 43.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> sĕvērĭter, [[gravely]], [[seriously]], [[severely]]: sermonem cum [[aliquo]] conferre, Titin. ap. Non. 509, 33; and in Prisc. p. 1010 P.; Plaut., acc. to Prisc. 1. 1.; App. M. 2, p. 126, 33.—*<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>C</b> sĕvērum, [[harshly]], [[austerely]]: [[nunc]] severum vivitur, Prud. Cath. 2, 33.

{{Georges

|georg=(1) sevērus¹, a, um, [[ernsthaft]] ([[ernst]]), [[gesetzt]], [[streng]], [[genau]] (Ggstz. [[comis]], [[blandus]], [[iocosus]], [[clemens]], [[indulgens]]), I) im guten Sinne: a) eig.: α) v. Pers.: [[sed]] [[ipse]] egreditur, [[quam]] [[severus]]! Ter.: [[civis]] [[severus]] et [[gravis]], Cic.: sev. [[consul]], Liv.: [[eius]] [[legis]] severi custodes, Cic.: senes severiores, Catull.: [[auctor]] severissimus Trogus, Plin.: [[Tubero]] vitā [[severus]], Cic.: [[qui]] [[perindulgens]] in patrem, [[idem]] [[acerbe]] [[severus]] in filium, Cic.: [[familia]] cum ad ceteras [[res]] tum ad iudicandum severissima, Cic.: [[neque]] (potest) [[severus]] [[esse]] in iudicando, [[qui]] alios in se severos [[esse]] iudices [[non]] [[vult]], Cic.: [[nam]] te omnes [[saevum]] severumque avidis moribus commemorant, Plaut. – β) v. Lebl.: [[frons]], Plaut. u. Ov.: [[vultus]] (Plur.), Ov. (u. so [[qui]] [[vultus]] [[quo]] severior est et tristior, [[hoc]] etc., Cic.): nostra [[vel]] severa [[vel]] iocosa [[congressio]], Cic.: imperia severiora, Cic.: imperii severissimi [[vir]], Liv.: iudicia severa, Cic., severiora, Quint.: [[res]], ernsthafte (ernste) Dinge, Nep.: u. so [[res]] severissima, Cic.: sententiae graves et severae, Cic. – subst., αα) sevērus, ī, m., [[nimium]] [[severus]], der [[allzu]] [[Strenge]] ([[gegen]] [[sich]]), Hor. ep. 1, 5, 13: Plur. severi, Ernsthafte, Stockphilister, Catull. 27, 6. Hor. ep. 1, 19, 9. – ββ) sevēra, ōrum, n., ernste Dinge, Hor. carm. 2, 8, 28: [[aber]] austera [[illa]] severaque, jene [[Reden]] im ernsten u. strengen Tone (Ggstz. [[dulcia]] [[haec]] blandaque), Plin. ep. 3, 18, 10. – neutr. adv., [[nunc]] [[severum]] ([[auf]] ernste [[Art]] u. [[Weise]]) vivitur, Prud. cath. 2, 33. – b) übtr.: Falernum ([[vinum]]), herber, strenger, Hor.: silentia noctis, Lucr.: [[amnis]] Eumenidum od. Cocyti, schauerliche, Hor.: [[quod]] [[ego]] [[dixi]] per iocum id eventurum [[esse]] et [[severum]] et serium, Plaut. – II) im üblen Sinne, [[hart]], [[grausam]], a) eig.: [[Neptunus]] [[saevus]] severusque, Plaut.: [[turba]] Eumenidum, Prop. – b) übtr.: [[uncus]], Hor.: [[amnis]] Cocyti, Verg.: voluisti [[istuc]] [[severum]] facere? [[gräßlich]] [[erscheinen]] [[lassen]], Plaut.

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