γόνυ: Difference between revisions

|Definition=τό, gen. [[γόνατος]], Ep. and Ion. [[γούνατος]] (for [[γόνϝατος]]) Il.21.591, Hdt.2.80: pl. nom.<br><span class="bld">A</span> γούνατα Il.5.176, Hes.Op.587, Hdt.1.199, Schwyzer694.7 (Chios, iv B. C.), gen. γουνάτων Hdt.9.76, dat. γούνασι Il.9.455, Hdt.4.152 (also Pi.I.2.26), γονάτεσσι Theoc.16.11, Epigr.Gr. 782 (Halic.); also Ep. gen. [[γουνός]] (expl. as for [[γόνυος]] by Hdn.Gr.2.768, A.D.Synt.342.9) Il.11.547: pl. γοῦνα 6.511; γούνων 1.407, al.: dat. γούνεσσι 9.488, al. ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[γούνασσι]]):—Aeol. acc. pl. γόνα Alc.39.7 (prob.), but [[γόννα]] acc. to St.Byz. [[sub verbo|s.v.]] [[Γόννοι]], Eust.335.39: gen. pl. γόνων Alc.Supp.10:<br><span class="bld">E</span> has γουνάτων Hec.752, 839, γούνασι Supp.285 (lyr.), Andr.529 (lyr.), but not [[γουνός]] ([[γοῦν]]' acc. pl. was read by Sch. in Ph.852): gen. pl. [[γεύνων]], Hsch.:—[[knee]], γόνυ γουνὸς ἀμείβων Il.11.547, etc.: freq. of [[clasp]]ing the [[knee]]s in [[earnest]] [[supplication]], ἥψατο γούνων 1.512; ἑλεῖν, λαβεῖν γούνων 21.71, 1.407, etc.; τῶν γουνάτων λαβέσθαι Hdt.9.76; [[ποτὶ]] ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[περὶ]]) or ἀμφὶ γούνασί τινος χεῖρας βαλεῖν Od.6.310, 7.142; περὶ γόνυ χέρας ἱκεσίους ἔβαλον E.Or.1414, cf. Ph.1622, etc.; τὰ σὰ γούναθ' ἱκάνομαι Il.18.457, cf. Od.7.147, etc.; κιχανόμενοι τὰ σὰ γοῦνα ἱκόμεθ' 9.266; ἀντίος ἤλυθε γούνων Il.20.463; γόνυ σὸν ἀμπίσχειν χερί E.Supp.165; σοῖς [[προστίθημι]] γόνασιν ὠλένας Id.Andr.895; [[ἐς γούνατά τινι]] or τινος πεσεῖν Hdt.5.86, S.OC1607; ἀμφὶ γόνυ τινὸς [[πίπτειν]] E.Hec.787; [[γόνυ]] τινός or πρὸς γόνυ [[προσπίπτειν]] ib.339, HF79; γόνασί τινος προσπίπτειν Id.Or.1332 (but [[προσπίτνω]] σε γόνασιν = [[on my knees]], S.Ph.485); [[πίπτειν]] πρὸς τὰ γ. τινος, τινι, Lys.1.19, D.19.198; also γούνων [[λίσσεσθαι]] Il.9.451; [[ἐλλιτανεύειν]] Od.10.481; γουνάζεσθαι Il.22.345; [[ἄντεσθαι]] πρὸς τῶν γονάτων E.Med.710; ἱκετεῦσαι πρὸς τ. γ. D.58.70.<br><span class="bld">2</span> of a sitting posture, [[φημί]] μιν ἀσπασίως γ. [[κάμψειν]] will be [[glad]] to [[bend]] the [[knee]] so as to [[sit]] down and [[rest]], Il.7.118, cf. 19.72; but also, [[bow]] the [[knee]] in [[submission]], [[ἐμοὶ κάμψει]] (intr.) πᾶν γ. [[LXX]] Is.45.23; [[γ. ὀκλάζειν τινί]] ib.3 Ki.19.18, v. sub [[κάμπτω]]: [[ἐπὶ γούνασι]] [[on one's knees]], ἐπὶ γούνασι πατρός Il.22.500; ποτὶ γ. 5.408; γούνασιν ἐφέσσεσθαι φίλον υἱόν 9.455; σ' ἐπ' ἐμοῖσι… γούνεσσι καθίσσας 9.488; τόν ῥά οἱ… ἐπὶ γούνασι θῆκεν Od.19.401; ἐν τοῖς γόνασί τινος στρέφεσθαι Pl.R. 617b; [[πέπλον]]… θεῖναι Ἀθηναίης [[ἐπὶ γούνασιν]] to [[lay]] it on her [[lap]] (as an [[offering]]), Il.6.92, cf. Schwyzer [[l.c.]]: hence metaph., θεῶν ἐν γούνασι [[κεῖται]] it [[rest]]s in the [[lap]] of... Il.17.514, Od.1.267, etc.; but ἐν γούνασιν πίτνοντα [[Νίκας]] [[victorious]], Pi.I.2.26.<br><span class="bld">3</span> of the knees as the seat of strength, ἐν δὲ βίην ὤμοισι καὶ ἐν γούνεσσιν ἔθηκε Il.17.569; of swiftness, λαιψηρά γ. 22.204, etc.; γούνατά τινος [[λύειν]] [[disable]], [[kill]] him, 5.176, etc.; ὑπὸ γούνατ' ἔλυσεν 11.579; [[βλάπτειν]] γ. τινι, [[κάματος]] δ' ὑπὸ γ. ἐδάμνα, 7.271, 21.52:—Pass., αὐτοῦ λύτο γούνατα 21.114, etc.<br><span class="bld">4</span> metaph., ἐς γόνυ [[βάλλειν]] [[bring]] down upon the [[knee]], i. e. [[humble]], [[conquer]], Hdt.6.27; [[ἐς γ. ῥίπτειν]], [[κλίνειν]], App.BC3.20,30; ἐς γ. [[ἐλθεῖν]] Procop.Arc.14, Pers.1.17; Ἀσία δὲ χθὼν… ἐπὶ γόνυ κέκλιται A.Pers.931 (lyr.).<br><span class="bld">5</span> [[proverb|prov.]], [[ἀπωτέρω]] ἢ [[γόνυ]] [[κνάμα]] '[[blood is thicker than water]]', '[[charity begins at home]]', Theoc.16.18; γ. κνήμης ἔγγιον Arist.EN1168b8, Ath.9.383b.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[joint]] of [[grass]]es or [[plant]]s, Hdt.3.98, X.An.4.5.26, Thphr.HP8.2.4, Porph.Antr.19. (Cf. Skt. [[jā´nu]], Lat. [[genu]], etc.)

|auten=gen. γούνατος and [[γουνός]], pl. [[γούνατα]] and [[γοῦνα]], gen. [[γούνων]], dat. [[γούνασι]] and [[γούνεσσι]]: [[knee]]; [[γόνυ]] κάμπτειν, [[phrase]] [[for]] [[sitting]] down to [[rest]], ἐπὶ [[γούνεσσι]] καθίσσᾶς, [[taking]] [[upon]] the ‘[[lap]],’ Il. 9.488, Il. 5.370; freq. as [[typical]] of [[physical]] [[strength]], [[εἰσόκε]] μοι φίλα γούνατ' [[ὀρώρῃ]], so [[long]] as my ‘knees [[can]] [[spring]],’ so [[long]] as my [[strength]] shall [[last]]; [[but]] oftenest of [[suddenly]] [[failing]] [[strength]], swooning, [[death]], πολλῶν [[ἀνδρῶν]] ὑπὸ γούνατ' ἔλῦσεν (Helen caused the [[death]] of [[many]] men); [[λύτο]] [[γούνατα]], Od. 4.703, ‘knees were relaxed,’ of [[Penelope]]. From the [[custom]] of embracing the knees in [[supplication]] [[come]] the phrases [[γοῦνα]] or [[γούνων]] λαβεἶν, ἅψασθαι, [[ὑπὲρ]] [[γούνων]] or [[γούνων]] λίσσεσθαι, ‘[[by]]’ the knees, ‘by [[your]] [[life]]’; [[hence]] [[θεῶν]] ἐν [[γούνασι]] κεῖται, ‘rests [[with]]’ the gods, ‘in the [[gift]]’ of the gods, Od. 1.267.

|txtha=γονατος, τό (from Homer down), the [[knee]]: τιθέναι τά [[γόνατα]] to [[bend]] the knees, [[kneel]] down, of persons supplicating: προσπίπτειν τοῖς γόνασι τίνος, [[Euripides]], Or. 1332); κάμπτειν τά [[γόνατα]] to [[bow]] the [[knee]], of those worshipping God or Christ: τίνι, [[πρός]] τινα, [[γόνυ]] καμπτει τίνι, to i. e. in honor of [[one]], ἐν ὀνόματι Ἰησοῦ, Isaiah 45:23).

|mdlsjtxt=[the ionic forms γούνατος, -ατι in Trag., but [[never]] [[γουνός]], γουνί]<br /><b class="num">I.</b> the [[knee]], Lat. [[genu]], Hom., etc.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> ἅψασθαι [[γούνων]] to [[clasp]] the knees as a [[suppliant]], Il.; so [[ἑλεῖν]], [[λαβεῖν]], [[γούνων]] Il.; τῶν γουνάτων λαβέσθαι Hdt.; περὶ or ἀμφὶ γούνασί τινος χεῖρας βαλεῖν Od.; ἀμφὶ [[γόνυ]] τινὸς πίπτειν Eur.; [[γούνων]] λίσσεσθαι to [[supplicate]] by [clasping] the knees, Hom.; ἄντεσθαι or λίσσεσθαι πρὸς τῶν γονάτων Eur.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> of a [[sitting]] [[posture]], [[γόνυ]] κάμψειν [[bend]] the [[knee]] so as to sit down, Il.:— ἐπὶ γούνασι on one's knees, of a [[child]], Il.; [[πέπλον]] [[θεῖναι]] Ἀθηναίης ἐπὶ γούνασιν to lay it on her lap (as an [[offering]]), Il.; metaph., [[θεῶν]] ἐν γούνασι κεῖται, i. e. rests on [[their]] [[will]] and [[pleasure]], Hom.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> the knees are in Hom. the [[seat]] of [[strength]]; [[hence]], γούνατά τινος λύειν to [[weaken]], [[lame]], [[kill]] him, Il.: also, metaph., ἐς [[γόνυ]] βάλλειν to [[bring]] down [[upon]] the [[knee]], i. e. to [[humble]], [[conquer]], Hdt.<br /><b class="num">5.</b> [[proverb]]., [[ἀπωτέρω]] ἢ [[γόνυ]] [[κνήμη]] "Charity begins at [[home]], " Theocr.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> the [[knee]] or [[joint]] of grasses, [[such]] as the [[cane]], Lat. [[geniculum]], Hdt., Xen.