παρά: Difference between revisions

|auten=[[beside]], by.—I. adv. ([[here]] belong [[all]] instances of the so-called ‘tmesis'), written [[πάρα]] (‘anastrophe’) [[when]] placed [[after]] the [[verb]] it modifies, or [[when]] the [[verb]] is [[not]] expressed; ἐτίθει [[πάρα]] πᾶσαν ἐδωδήν, placed [[food]] ‘[[beside]]’ (we should [[say]] ‘[[before]]’) him, Od. 5.196 ; [[πάρ]] ἄκυλον βάλεν, threw ‘[[down]],’ we should [[say]], Od. 10.242 ; [[παρά]] μ' [[ἤπαφε]] [[δαίμων]], deceived and led me ‘[[astray]]’ (cf. [[our]] ‘[[beside]] [[oneself]]’), Od. 14.488. The [[relation]] of the adv. [[may]] be made [[more]] [[specific]] by the [[addition]] of an [[appropriate]] [[case]] of a subst. in the [[same]] [[sentence]], [[thus]] showing the [[transition]] to the true prepositional [[usage]], πὰρ δ' [[ἴσαν]] Ὠκεανοῦ [[ῥοάς]] (acc. of [[extent]] of [[space]]), Od. 24.11.—II. prep. (1) w. gen., [[from]] [[beside]], [[from]]; [[φάσγανον]] παρὰ μηροῦ ἐρύσσασθαι, [[παρά]] τινος ἔρχεσθαι, [[often]] ‘[[from]] [[one]]'s [[house]],’ Il. 21.444; [[then]] to [[denote]] the [[giver]], [[author]], Od. 6.290, Il. 11.795.—(2) w. dat., of [[rest]] or [[position]] [[beside]], [[but]] [[also]] [[where]] a [[certain]] [[amount]] of [[motion]] is meant, as [[with]] verbs of placing, [[sitting]], falling, [[θεῖναι]], πεσεῖν [[παρά]] τινι, Ν, Od. 15.285; [[then]] of [[possession]], [[keeping]], πὰρ κεινοῖσιν ἐμὸν [[γέρας]], ‘in [[their]] hands,’ Od. 11.175.—(3) w. acc., to the [[side]] of, [[unto]], [[along]] by, [[beyond]], implying [[motion]], [[though]] [[sometimes]] [[very]] [[faintly]], Il. 1.463 ; τύψε κατὰ κληῖδα παρ' αὐχένα, [[motion]] [[implied]] in the [[mere]] [[act]] of [[striking]], Il. 21.117 ; [[βῆναι]] παρὰ θι<&lt;><&gt;>να, ‘[[along]] the [[shore]]’; [[στῆναι]] [[παρά]] τινα, ‘[[come]] and [[stand]] by [[one]]’; [[then]] the [[thought]] of [[over]]-[[passing]], [[over]]-stepping, transgressing, πὰρ δύναμιν, παρὰ μοῖραν, ‘[[contrary]] to [[right]],’ Od. 14.509.—As a prep. [[also]] [[πάρα]] is written [[with]] anastrophe [[when]] [[standing]] [[after]] its [[case]], [[unless]] [[there]] is elision, Od. 18.315.—In [[composition]] [[παρά]] has the meanings [[above]] given, [[but]] [[that]] of [[winning]] [[over]] (persuading [[from]] [[one]] [[side]] to the [[other]]), [[leading]] ‘[[astray]],’ ‘[[amiss]]’ ([[also]] in [[good]] [[sense]]) by words, etc., is [[particularly]] to be [[noted]].