σῶμα: Difference between revisions

|txtha=σώματος, τό ([[apparently]] from [[σῶς]] '[[entire]]' ([[but]] cf. [[Curtius]], § 570; others from the [[root]], ska, sko, 'to [[cover]]', cf. Vanicek, p. 1055; [[Curtius]], p. 696)), the Sept. for בָּשָׂר, גְּוִיָּה, etc.; נְבֵלָה (a [[corpse]]), [[also]] for Chaldean גֶּשֶׁם; a [[body]]; and:<br /><b class="num">1.</b> the [[body]] [[both]] of men and of animals (on the [[distinction]] [[between]] it and [[σάρξ]] [[see]] [[σάρξ]], [[especially]] 2at the [[beginning]]; (cf. Dickson, St. Paul's [[use]] of 'Flesh' and 'Spirit', p. 247ff));<br /><b class="num">a.</b> as [[everywhere]] in [[Homer]] ([[who]] calls the [[living]] [[body]] [[δέμας]] and [[not]] infreqently in [[subsequently]] Greek writings, a [[dead]] [[body]] or [[corpse]]: [[universally]], Prayer of Manasseh, R G; (R G); τό [[σῶμα]] τίνος, [[Hesiod]] [[down]], the [[living]] [[body]]: — of animals, τό [[σῶμα]], [[absolutely]], ἐν σώματι [[εἶναι]], of [[earthly]] [[life]] [[with]] its troubles, τό [[αἷμα]], τό [[σῶμα]] and τά [[μέλη]] of it, τό [[σῶμα]] the [[temple]] of τό [[ἅγιον]] [[πνεῦμα]], τά [[διά]] [[τοῦ]] σωματου [[namely]], πραχθεντα, τό [[πνεῦμα]], in ἡ [[ψυχή]], in ἡ [[ψυχή]] and τό [[πνεῦμα]] [[together]], in [[σῶμα]] ψυχικόν and [[σῶμα]] πνευματικόν are [[distinguished]], [[πνευματικός]], 1and [[ψυχικός]], a.); τό [[σῶμα]] τίνος, Winer's Grammar, 187 (176)), etc.; ὁ [[ναός]] [[τοῦ]] σωματου [[αὐτοῦ]], the [[temple]] [[which]] [[was]] his [[body]], τό [[σῶμα]] τῆς ταπεινώσεως [[ἡμῶν]], the [[body]] of [[our]] [[humiliation]] (subjective genitive), i. e. [[which]] we [[wear]] in [[this]] [[servile]] and [[lowly]] [[human]] [[life]], opposed to τό [[σῶμα]] τῆς δόξης [[αὐτοῦ]] (i. e. [[τοῦ]] Χριστοῦ), the [[body]] [[which]] Christ has in his glorified [[state]] [[with]] God in [[heaven]], [[διά]] [[τοῦ]] σωματου [[τοῦ]] Χριστοῦ, [[through]] the [[death]] of Christ's [[body]], [[διά]] τῆς προσφοράς [[τοῦ]] σωματου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, [[through]] the [[sacrificial]] [[offering]] of the [[body]] of Jesus Christ, τό [[σῶμα]] τῆς σαρκός, the [[body]] consisting of [[flesh]], i. e. the [[physical]] [[body]] ([[tacitly]] opposed to Christ's [[spiritual]] [[body]], the [[church]], [[see]] 3below), [[σῶμα]] [[τοῦ]] θανάτου, the [[body]] [[subject]] to [[death]], given [[over]] to it (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 30,2 β.), ἡ [[σάρξ]]:, and in the [[flesh]] [[also]] the incentives to [[sin]] ([[see]] [[σάρξ]], 4), gives [[origin]] to the [[following]] phrases: μή βασιλευέτω ἡ [[ἁμαρτία]] ἐν τῷ θνητῷ [[ὑμῶν]] σώματι, Winer's Grammar, 524 (488)); αἱ πράξεις [[τοῦ]] σώματος, [[σῶμα]] τῆς ἁμαρτίας, the [[body]] [[subject]] to, the [[thrall]] of, [[sin]] (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 30,2 β.), τό [[σῶμα]] τῆς σαρκός, [[subject]] to the incitements of the [[flesh]], has τό [[σῶμα]] [[τῶν]] ἁμαρτιῶν τῆς σαρκός). δοξάζετε [[τόν]] Θεόν ἐν τῷ σώματι [[ὑμῶν]], μεγαλύνειν [[τόν]] Χριστόν ἐν τῷ σώματι, [[εἴτε]] [[διά]] ζωῆς, [[εἴτε]] [[διά]] θανάτου, παραστῆσαι τά σώματα θυσίαν ... τῷ Θεῷ (i. e. by [[bodily]] [[purity]] (cf. Meyer at the [[passage]])), σώματα; [[once]] so in the N. T.: Vulg. [[correctly]] translates by mancipia (A. V. slaves) (σώματα [[τοῦ]] οἴκου, σώματα [[καί]] κτήνη, Ἰουδαικα σώματα, Lob. ad Phryn., p. 378f ([[add]] (from [[Sophocles]] Lexicon, [[under]] the [[word]]), [[Polybius]] 1,29, 7; 4,38, 4, [[also]] 3,17, 10 bis); the earlier and [[more]] [[elegant]] Greek writings said σώματα δοῦλα, ὀικετικα, etc.).<br /><b class="num">2.</b> The [[name]] is transferred to the bodies of plants, σώματα ἐπουράνια, bodies [[celestial]], i. e. the bodies of the [[heavenly]] luminaries and of angels ([[see]] [[ἐπουράνιος]], 1), and σώματα ἐπίγεια, bodies [[terrestrial]] (i. e. bodies of men, animals, and plants), [[ἅπαν]] [[σῶμα]] τῆς [[τῶν]] ὅλων φύσεως ... τό [[σῶμα]] [[τοῦ]] κόσμου, diod. 1,11).<br /><b class="num">3.</b> tropically [[σῶμα]] is used of a ([[large]] or [[small]]) "[[number]] of men [[closely]] united [[into]] [[one]] [[society]], or [[family]] as it were; a [[social]], [[ethical]], mystical [[body]]"; so in the N. T. of the [[church]]: [[τοῦ]] Χριστοῦ added, ἕν [[σῶμα]] [[καί]] ἕν [[πνεῦμα]], ἡ [[σκιά]] and τό [[σῶμα]] are [[distinguished]] as the [[shadow]] and the [[thing]] itself [[which]] casts the [[shadow]]: σκιάν αἰτησόμενος βασιλείας, ἧς ἥρπασεν ἑαυτῷ τό [[σῶμα]], Josephus, b. j. 2,2, 5; ([[Philo]] de confus. ling. § 37; Lucian, Hermot. 79)).