ὑπό: Difference between revisions

|auten=(cf. sub): [[under]]. — I. adv., [[underneath]], [[below]], [[beneath]], of [[motion]] or [[rest]], ὑπὸ δὲ θρῆνυν ποσὶν (‘[[for]] the feet’) ἥσει, Il. 14.240; ὑπὸ δὲ [[θρῆνυς]] ποσὶν [[ἦεν]], Od. 1.131; χεῦεν [[ὕπο]] ῥῶπας, Od. 16.47; [[often]] to [[indicate]] the [[position]] of parts of the [[body]] (in ‘[[plastic]]’ [[style]] as if [[one]] were looking at a [[picture]] up and down), ὑπὸ γούνατ' ἔλῦσεν (the knees ‘[[beneath]] him'), ὑπὸ δ' ἔτρεμε γυῖα, Il. 10.390; [[sometimes]] causal, thereunder, thereby, Od. 8.380, Il. 8.4; [[thus]] to [[denote]] [[accompaniment]] in [[music]], [[λίνον]] δ' ὑπὸ κᾶλὸν ἄειδεν (to it, the [[harp]]), Il. 18.570, Od. 21.411. — II. prep., (1) w. gen., of [[position]] or [[motion]]; [[under]], [[out]] or [[forth]] [[from]] [[under]]; ὑπ' ἀνθερεῶνος ἐλεῖν, [[κρήδεμνον]] ὑπὸ στέρνοιο τανύσσαι, Od. 5.346, and [[thus]] [[often]] w. verbs of hitting; ῥέει [[κρήνη]] ὑπὸ σπείους, ‘[[from]] [[beneath]],’ Od. 9.141; [[then]] of [[agency]], [[influence]], by, [[through]], in [[consequence]] of; [[δαμῆναι]], θνήσκειν [[ὑπό]] τινος (‘at the hands of’), φεύγειν [[ὑπό]] τινος (‘[[before]]’), Il. 18.149 ; ὑπ' ἀνάγκης (‘[[from]] [[necessity]],’ ‘[[perforce]]’), ὑπὸ [[δείους]] (‘[[for]]’), ὑπὸ φρῖκὸς Βορέω, Il. 23.692. —(2) w. dat., of [[position]], [[under]], and w. verbs of [[motion]] [[when]] the resulting [[position]] of [[rest]] is [[chiefly]] in [[mind]], πίπτειν, τιθέναι τι [[ὑπό]] τινι, χ, Il. 16.378; [[instrumental]] or causal, [[under]] ([[not]] ‘by’ as w. the gen., [[but]] [[rather]] denoting [[subjection]]), ὑπὸ [[χερσί]] τινος [[θανέειν]], [[ὀλέσαι]] ψῦχήν, γήραι [[ὕπο]] [[ἆρημένος]], Od. 11.136; of [[power]], [[mastery]], [[δέδμητο]] λᾶὸς ὑπ' [[αὐτῷ]], γ 3, Il. 24.636; and of accompanying circumstances, ὑπὸ πομπῇ (‘[[under]] the [[guidance]]’), πνοιῇ [[ὕπο]] (‘[[with]] the [[breeze]]’), Od. 4.402. —(3) w. acc., of [[motion]] (or [[extension]]), [[under]], [[but]] [[often]] [[where]] the [[idea]] of [[motion]] is [[quite]] [[faint]], [[ζώειν]] ὑπ' αὐγᾶς ἠελίοιο, [[thinking]] of the [[duration]] of [[life]], Od. 15.349, Il. 5.267; of [[time]], [[during]], Il. 16.202, Il. 22.102.

|sltr=[[ὑπό]] <[[span]] [[class]]=mstonen>A prep. (anastrophe (P. 3.10), (P. 5.100), (P. 1.64), (P. 11.18), (N. 1.35) ) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b> c. acc.,<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> [[under]], [[below]] ὑπὸ Κυλλάνας ὄρο̄ς, Ἁγησία, μάτρωες [[ἄνδρες]] ναιετάοντες (Π: ὅροις codd.) (O. 6.77) τὸν κρύψαν ἔνερθ' ὑπὸ γᾶν διφρηλάτα Ἀμφιτρύωνος σάματι (P. 9.81) [codd. (P. 10.15) ] [[ὄλβιος]] [[ὅστις]] ἰδὼν κεῖν' εἶσ ὑπὸ χθόν fr. 137. 1.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> [[under]], up to the walls of θαλασσίαις ἀνέμων ῥιπαῖσι πεμφθεὶς ὑπὸ Τροίαν (N. 3.60) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b> c. gen.,<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> [[below]] [[πολλά]] μοι ὑπ' ἀγκῶνος [[ὠκέα]] βέλη [[ἔνδον]] ἐντὶ φαρέτρας (O. 2.83) λόχμας ὑπὸ κυανέας τίκτε θεόφρονα κοῦρον (O. 6.40) λόχμαισι δὲ δοκεύσαις ὑπὸ Κλεωνᾶν δάμασε (O. 10.30) [[ταί]] θ' ὑπ Αἴτνας ὑψιλόφου καλλίπλουτοι πόλιες (O. 13.111) [coni. Bergk (P. 8.77) ] ἔθηκε καὶ [[βαθυλείμων]] ὑπὸ Κίρρας πετρᾶν ἀγὼν κρατησίποδα Φρικίαν (Christ: [[βαθυλείμων]]（α）ἀγὼν πέτραν codd.) (P. 10.15) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> [[from]] ([[out]] of) of the [[delivery]] of a [[child]], ἦλθεν δ' ὑπὸ σπλάγχνων ὑπ ὠδῖνός τ ἐρατᾶς Ἴαμος ἐς [[φάος]] [[αὐτίκα]] (O. 6.43) “παῖδα ὃν κλυτὸς [[Ἑρμᾶς]] εὐθρόνοις ὥραισι καὶ Γαίᾳ ἀνελὼν φίλας ὑπὸ ματέρος οἴσει” (P. 9.61) [[ἐπεὶ]] σπλάγχνων [[ὕπο]] ματέρος [[αὐτίκα]] θαητὰν ἐς αἴγλαν [[παῖς]] Διὸς ὠδῖνα φεύγων μόλεν (N. 1.35) met., of [[deliverance]], ὑπ' ἀμαχανίας [[ἄγων]] ἐς [[φάος]] τόνδε δᾶμον ἀστῶν (ἀπ byz.) (O. 5.14) Ὀρέστα· τὸν δὴ Κλυταιμήστρας [[χειρῶν]] [[ὕπο]] κρατερᾶν ἐκ δόλου τροφὸς ἄνελε δυσπενθέος (P. 11.18) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> to the [[accompaniment]] of τεαὶ γὰρ ὧραι ὑπὸ ποικιλοφόρμιγγος ἀοιδᾶς ἑλισσόμεναί (O. 4.2) καί [[νυν]] ὑπ' ἀμφοτέρων σὺν Διαγόρᾳ κατέβαν (i. e. [[with]] [[lyre]] and [[flute]]) (O. 7.13) σειρῆνα δὲ κόμπον αὐλίσκων ὑπὸ λωτίνων μιμήσομ' ἀοιδαῖς Παρθ. 2. 14.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>d</b> of [[agency]],<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>I</b> of things, [[under]] the [[influence]] of ἐσλῶν γὰρ ὑπὸ χαρμάτων [[πῆμα]] θνᾴσκει O.2.19.cf.O.6.43.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>II</b> of pers. ἀλλ' αἶνον ἐπέβα [[κόρος]] οὐ δίκᾳ συναντόμενος ἀλλὰ μάργων ὑπ [[ἀνδρῶν]] [[under]] the [[influence]] of (O. 2.96) Κορινθίων ὑπὸ [[φωτῶν]] ἐν ἐσλοῦ Πέλοπος πτυχαῖς ὀκτὼ στεφάνοις ἔμιχθεν [[ἤδη]] by, at the the hands of (N. 2.20) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b> c. dat.,<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> [[lying]] [[below]], at the [[foot]] of [ὑπὸ Κυλλάνας ὅροις ([[ὄρος]] Π.) (O. 6.77) ] τὰ δ' ὑπ ὀφρύι Παρνασσίᾳ ἕξ ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] ἐπ) (O. 13.106) ὄχθαις [[ὕπο]] Ταυγέτου ναίοντες (P. 1.64) δασκίοις Φλειοῦντος ὑπ' ὠγυγίοις ὄρεσιν (N. 6.44) ἐν δὲ κέχλαδ[εν] κρόταλ' αἰθομένα τε [[δαὶς]] ὑπὸ ξανθαῖσι πεύκαις Δ. 2. 11.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> down in, [[under]] ἁμέραν τὰν μὲν παρὰ πατρὶ φίλῳ Δὶ νέμονται, τὰν δ' ὑπὸ κεύθεσι γαίας ἐν γυάλοις Θεράπνας (N. 10.56) ἥβαν γὰρ [[οὐκ]] ἄπειρον ὑπὸ χειᾷ [[καλῶν]] δάμασεν (I. 8.70) “ὑπὸ σπλάγχ[νοις] φέροισα τόνδ' ἀνέῤ Πα. 8A. 18. πρῶτον εὐνάσθην ἀγαπατὸς ὑπὸ σπαργάνοις fr. 193.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> [[from]] [[under]] (θρῆνον) τὸν παρθενίοις [[ὑπό]] τ' ἀπλάτοις [[ὀφίων]] κεφαλαῖς ἄιε λειβόμενον (P. 12.9) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>d</b> [[yoked]] to ἐριζόμεναι νᾶες ἐν πόντῳ καὶ λτ;ὑφγτ;ἅρμασιν ἵπποι (Bergk e Σ: ἐν unus cod.; om. [[alter]]) (I. 5.5) ὑφ' ἅρμασιν [[ἵππος]] ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] ἐν) fr. 234. 1.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>e</b> by [[means]] of, by, [[with]] βωμοὺς ἓξ διδύμους ἐγέραρεν ἑορταῖς [[θεῶν]] μεγίσταις ὑπὸ βουθυσίαις ἀέθλων τε πεμπαμέροις ἁμίλλαις (O. 5.6) μεγαλᾶν δ' ἀρετᾶν δρόσῳ μαλθακᾷ ῥανθεισᾶν κώμων ὑπὸ χεύμασιν (byz.: θ' ὑπὸ codd.) (P. 5.100) (σοφοὶ) οὐδ' ὑπὸ κέρδει [[βλάβεν]] (N. 7.18) λέγοντι γὰρ Αἰακόν μιν ὑπὸ ματροδόκοις γοναῖς φυτεῦσαι (N. 7.84) αἰδὼς γὰρ ὑπὸ [[κρύφα]] κέρδει κλέπτεται (N. 9.33) “[[νῦν]] σε, [[νῦν]] εὐχαῖς ὑπὸ θεσπεσίαις [[λίσσομαι]]” (I. 6.44) κείνων λυθέντες [[σαῖς]] ὑπὸ χερσίν, [[ἄναξ]] fr. 35. ὁ δὲ μηδὲν ἔχων ὑπὸ [[σιγᾷ]] μελαίνᾳ [[κάρα]] κέκρυπται Παρθ. 1. 9.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>f</b> [[under]] the [[force]] of, [[under]] the [[influence]] of [εἴ τί [[τοι]] Πίσας τε καὶ Φερενίκου [[χάρις]] νόον ὑπὸ γλυκυτάταις ἔθηκε φροντίσιν (v. [[ὑποτίθημι]]) (O. 1.19) ] ὑπὸ στερεῷ πυρὶ πλαγαῖς τε σιδάρου βαθὺν [[εἰς]] ὀχετὸν ἄτας ἵζοισαν ἑὰν πόλιν (O. 10.36) δαμεῖσα χρυσέοις τόξοισιν ὕπ' Ἀρτέμιδος (Hermann: ὑπ codd.) (P. 3.10) βελέων ὑπὸ ῥιπαῖσι κείνου φαιδίμαν γαίᾳ πεφύρσεσθαι κόμαν ἔνεπεν (N. 1.68) ἦ μὰν ἀνόμοιά γε δᾴοισιν ἐν θερμῷ χροὶ ἕλκεα ῥῆξαν πελεμιζόμενοι ὑπ' ἀλεξιμβρότῳ λόγχᾳ (N. 8.30) [[δαίμων]] δὲ παρίσχει, ἄλλοτ' ἄλλον [[ὕπερθε]] βάλλων ἄλλον δ ὑπὸ [[χειρῶν]] μέτρῳ καταβαίνει ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[μέτρον]]: [[post]] [[χειρῶν]] distinxit Bergk) (P. 8.77) [[τῶν]] μὲν ὑπὸ στάθμᾳ νέμονται (I. 9.4) ἐκράνθην ὑπὸ δαιμονίῳ τινι (sc. δείματι, simm.) — συνάγεν θρόον (Pae. 9.34) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>g</b> of pers., by, [[through]] ὑπ' Ἀπόλλωνι γλυκείας πρῶτον ἔψαυσ Ἀφροδίτας (O. 6.35) “ἐρατὸν λύοι κεν χαλινὸν ὑφ' ἥρωι [[παρθενίας]]” (I. 8.45) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>4</b> fragg. ]α [[βοῦς]] ὑπ' οἴστρ[ fr. 51f. b. 13. ][[ὕπο]][ P. Oxy. 2447. 5. <[[span]] [[class]]=mstonen>B in tmesis νόον ὑπὸ γλυκυτάταις ἔθηκε φροντίσιν (v. [[ὑποτίθημι]]) (O. 1.19) ὑπὸ κίονες [[ἕστασαν]] (v. ὑφίσταμι) (Pae. 8.69)

|txtha=(i. e. Latin sub ([[Curtius]], § 393)), preposition, [[under]], in [[secular]] authors used [[with]] the genitive, dative, and accusative, [[but]] in the N. T. [[with]] the genitive and accusative [[only]]. (On the [[use]] and the [[omission]] of elision [[with]] it [[before]] words [[beginning]] [[with]] a vowel, [[see]] WH's Appendix, p. 146{b}; Tdf Proleg., p. 4, (addenda et emendanda).) I. [[with]] the genitive (cf. Winer's Grammar, 364 (342), 368f, (346); Buttmann, § 147,29), it is used:<br /><b class="num">1.</b> [[properly]], in a [[local]] [[sense]], of [[situation]] or [[position]] [[under]] [[something]] [[higher]], as [[ὑπό]] χτονος, [[often]] from Homer down; ὁ [[ἐπί]] γῆς [[καί]] [[ὑπό]] γῆς [[χρυσός]], [[Plato]], legg. 5, p. 728a.; [[hence]],<br /><b class="num">2.</b> [[metaphorically]], of the [[efficient]] [[cause]], as [[that]] [[under]] the [[power]] of [[which]] an [[event]] is conceived of as [[being]]; [[here]] the Latin uses ἆ or ἀβ, and the English by; [[thus]] a. [[after]] [[passive]] verbs — [[with]] the genitive of a [[person]]: L T Tr WH); ); R G; L T Tr WH); R G L); φωνῆς ἐνεχθείσης [[ὑπό]] τῆς μεγαλοπρεποῦς δόξης, [[when]] a [[voice]] [[was]] brought by the [[majestic]] [[glory]] (cf. R. V. marginal [[reading]]), i. e. came down to him from God, [[γίνομαι]], to be done, effected, R L in brackets; γίνεται τίνι [[ἐπιβουλή]], ἡ [[ἐπιτιμία]] ἡ [[ὑπό]] [[τῶν]] πλειόνων, [[namely]], ἐπιτιμηθεισα, [[πορεύω]], at the [[end]]); πάσχειν [[ὑπό]] τίνος, [[Homer]], Iliad 11,119; [[Thucydides]] 1,77; [[Xenophon]], symp. 1,9; Cyril 6,1, 36; Hier. 7,8); ἀπολέσθαι, to [[perish]], [[Herodotus]] 3,32on); ὑπομένειν τί, [[ἀντιλογία]], 2); λαμβάνειν [[namely]], [[πληγάς]], to be [[beaten]], ἀποκτεῖναι ἐν ῤομφαία [[καί]] [[ὑπό]] [[τῶν]] θηρίων τῆς γῆς, by the [[wild]] beasts, ) (so ὠλεσε θυμόν ὑφ' Ἐκτορος, [[Homer]], Iliad 17,616; cf. Matthiae, ii., p. 1393; (Buttmann, 341 (293))). II. [[with]] the accusative (Winer's Grammar, § 49, k.);<br /><b class="num">1.</b> of [[motion]], in [[answer]] to the [[question]] '[[whither]]?': to [[come]] [[ὑπό]] [[τήν]] στέγην, ἐπισυνάγειν, [[ἔχω]] τινα ὑπ' ἐμαυτόν, γίνεσθαι, [[born]] [[under]] i. e. [[subject]] to, Rst [[εἰς]] ὑπκρισιν).<br /><b class="num">2.</b> of [[situation]], [[position]], [[tarrying]]: [[after]] κατασκηνοῦν, [[κάθημαι]], [[εἶναι]]: (to and [[under]]) in a [[local]] or [[proper]] [[sense]], ἡ [[ὑπό]] ([[τόν]]) ὀυρνανος [[namely]], [[χώρα]], πάσῃ κτίσει τῇ [[ὑπό]] [[τόν]] οὐρανοῦ, [[namely]], οὔσῃ, τά [[ὑπό]] [[τόν]] οὐρανόν [[namely]], [[ὄντα]], τά [[ὑπό]] σελήνην, [[Philo]] de vit. Moys. ii., § 12); [[εἶναι]] [[ὑπό]] τινα or τί, to be [[under]], i. e. [[subject]] to the [[power]] of, [[any]] [[person]] or [[thing]]: [[ὑπό]] ἐξουσίαν [[namely]], ὤν, L WH brackets [[read]] [[ὑπό]] ἐξουσίαν τασσόμενος ([[set]] [[under]] [[authority]]), so [[also]] the Sinaiticus [[manuscript]]); οἱ [[ὑπό]] νόμον, [[namely]], ὄντες, [[ὑπό]] ἐκπληξιν [[εἶναι]], Protevangelium Jacobi, 18). τηρεῖν τινα, φρουρεῖσθαι, sub (cf. sub vespe. [[ram]]), equivalent to [[about]] ([[see]] examples from the Greek writings in Passow, p. 2111{a}; (Liddell and Scott, [[under]] the [[word]], C. III.)): [[ὑπό]] [[τόν]] ὄρθρον, [[about]] daybreak, R G is counted (cf. III. in Composition [[ὑπό]] denotes:<br /><b class="num">1.</b> [[locality]], [[under]]: [[ὑποκάτω]], [[ὑποπόδιον]], [[ὑπωπιάζω]], [[ὑποδέω]]; of the [[goal]] of [[motion]], i. e. [[ὑπό]] τί, as [[ὑποδέχομαι]] ([[under]] [[one]]'s [[roof]]); [[ὑπολαμβάνω]] (to [[receive]] by [[standing]] [[under]]); [[ὑποβάλλω]], [[ὑποτίθημι]]; tropically, in expressions of [[subjection]], [[compliance]], etc., as [[ὑπακούω]], [[ὑπακοή]], ὑπηκως, [[ὑπόδικος]], [[ὕπανδρος]], [[ὑπάγω]], [[ὑπολείπω]], [[ὑποχωρέω]].<br /><b class="num">2.</b> [[small]] in [[degree]], [[slightly]], as [[ὑποπνέω]].