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κλάδος: Difference between revisions
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{{LSJ1 | {{LSJ1 | ||
|Full diacritics= | |Full diacritics=κλᾰ́δος | ||
|Medium diacritics=κλάδος | |Medium diacritics=κλάδος | ||
|Low diacritics=κλάδος | |Low diacritics=κλάδος | ||
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|Transliteration C=klados | |Transliteration C=klados | ||
|Beta Code=kla/dos | |Beta Code=kla/dos | ||
|Definition=[ᾰ], ου, ὁ, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[branch]], [[shoot]] of a tree, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Juv.</span>468b25</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">GA</span>752a20</span>; [[twig]], opp. [[ἀκρεμών]], <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>1.1.9</span>, <span class="bibl">1.10.7</span>: generally, [[branch]], τῆς ἐλαίης τοὺς κλάδους <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.19</span>: presented by suppliants, ἐλαίας θ' ὑψιγέννητον κλάδον <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>43</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Supp.</span>22</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>3</span>, <span class="bibl">143</span>; also of [[laurel branches]] used in temples, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>80</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[plank]], POxy. 1738.4, al. (iii A.D.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[branch]] of a blood-vessel, Gal.15.141. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> metaph., <b class="b3">ἀπὸ νώτοιο δύο κλάδοι ἀΐσσονται</b> two [[arms]], <span class="bibl">Emp.29.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">κ. ἐλέας</b>, of a young girl, <span class="title">Epigr.Gr.</span>368.7:—metapl. forms, dat. κλαδί <span class="title">Scol.</span>9, prob. in <span class="title">SIG</span>1025.33 (Cos, iv/iii B.C.); τῇ κ. <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>4.38</span> codd. (cf. <span class="bibl">Eust.58.37</span>); τῷ κ. <span class="bibl">Choerob.<span class="title">in Theod.</span>1.138</span>; acc. κλάδα <span class="title">Lyr.Adesp.</span>122; cf. <b class="b3">κλάδα[ν] | |Definition=[ᾰ], ου, ὁ, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[branch]], [[shoot]] of a tree, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Juv.</span>468b25</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">GA</span>752a20</span>; [[twig]], opp. [[ἀκρεμών]], <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>1.1.9</span>, <span class="bibl">1.10.7</span>: generally, [[branch]], τῆς ἐλαίης τοὺς κλάδους <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.19</span>: presented by suppliants, ἐλαίας θ' ὑψιγέννητον κλάδον <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>43</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Supp.</span>22</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>3</span>, <span class="bibl">143</span>; also of [[laurel branches]] used in temples, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>80</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[plank]], POxy. 1738.4, al. (iii A.D.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[branch]] of a blood-vessel, Gal.15.141. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> metaph., <b class="b3">ἀπὸ νώτοιο δύο κλάδοι ἀΐσσονται</b> two [[arms]], <span class="bibl">Emp.29.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">κ. ἐλέας</b>, of a young girl, <span class="title">Epigr.Gr.</span>368.7:—metapl. forms, dat. κλαδί <span class="title">Scol.</span>9, prob. in <span class="title">SIG</span>1025.33 (Cos, iv/iii B.C.); τῇ κ. <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>4.38</span> codd. (cf. <span class="bibl">Eust.58.37</span>); τῷ κ. <span class="bibl">Choerob.<span class="title">in Theod.</span>1.138</span>; acc. κλάδα <span class="title">Lyr.Adesp.</span>122; cf. <b class="b3">κλάδα[ν]· κλάδον</b>, Hsch.; gen. pl. [[κλαδέων]] prob. in <span class="bibl">Philox.1.3</span>; dat. pl. κλάδεσι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>239</span> (lyr.), Ep. κλαδέεσσι Nic. <span class="title">Fr.</span>74.19; acc. [[κλάδας]] ib.53.</span> | ||
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{{elnl | {{elnl | ||
|elnltext= | |elnltext=κλάδος -ου, ὁ, dat. sing. heterocl. ook κλαδί, dat. plur. ook κλαδέσι, acc. κλάδας tak, twijg, spec. olijftak (van smekelingen):. ἱκτηρίοις κλάδοισιν ἐξεστεμμένοι met smekelingentakken bekranst Soph. OT 3; οὐ γὰρ ἀπὸ νώτοιο δύο κλάδοι ἀΐσσονται want uit zijn rug ontspruiten niet twee takken (armen) Emp. B 29.1. | ||
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{{elru | {{elru | ||
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{{etym | {{etym | ||
|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[branch]], [[twig]], [[sprout]] (IA., Arist., Thphr.), also a few cases of monosyllabic <b class="b3">κλαδ-</b> in <b class="b3">κλαδ-ί</b>, <b class="b3">κλάδ-α</b>, <b class="b3">-ας</b> and of an s-stem in [[κλάδεσι]], <b class="b3">-έεσσι</b>, <b class="b3">-έων</b> (after [[δένδρεσι]] etc.?);<br />Compounds: Compp., e. g. <b class="b3">ὀλιγό-κλαδος</b> (Thphr.), <b class="b3">κλαδο-τομέω</b> (pap.).<br />Derivatives: Diminut. [[κλάδιον]] (Lib., pap.) and [[κλαδίσκος]] (Gal.); [[κλαδεών]] (Orph.), [[κλαδών]] (H.) = [[κλάδος]]; [[κλαδώδης]] [[full of branches]] (sch., Eust.), [[κλάδινος]] = [[rameus]] (Gloss.). Denomin. verb [[κλαδεύω]] [[cut off branches]], [[clip]] (Artem.; <b class="b3">-έω</b> Arr.) with [[κλάδευσις]] (Aq., Sm., Gp.), [[κλαδεία]] (Gp.) <b class="b2">cutting off ..., clipping</b>, [[κλαδευτήρια]] pl. [[pruned leaves]] (Gloss.), [[κλαδευτής]] [[pruner]] (Gloss.), [[κλαδευτήριον]], <b class="b3">-ια</b> [[pruning knife]], [[-festival]] (H.).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: One often connects <b class="b2">*kelh₂-</b> [[cut off]] (but Pok. 545ff. contains much irrelevant material). But this cannot give the Greek form. The connection with the Germ. word for [[Holz]], [[Wald]], OIc. OE [[holt]] n. etc. is probably wrong. That both forms can be derived from IE. <b class="b2">*kl̥do-</b> must be accidental, and there is no root <b class="b2">*kel-</b> without laryneal. Kluge-Seebold notes <b class="b2">*kl̥h₂d-</b> [there clearly is a misprint]; a Greek pre-form <b class="b2">*klǝd-</b> is impossible since the laryngeal theory: it should be <b class="b2">*kl̥h₂d-</b> which would have given <b class="b3">*κλαδος</b>. For the realia one referred to J. Trier, Holz (Münster-Köln 1952) p. 43ff. Mostly connected with [[κλάω]] [[break off]] (s. v.), but with a pre-Greek (i.e. from before hist. Greek) dental enlargement. Independent of [[κλάδος]] is the <b class="b3">δ-</b>formation of [[κλαδαρός]] [[invalid]] (s. v.); further <b class="b3">καλαδία ἑυκάνη</b> (= [[plane]]) H. [LSJ gives [[ῥυκάνη]] (plane-tree); thus Frisk s.v.; but this lemma does not exist in H.] with diff. ablaut, s.s.v. - Outside Greek one connects Lat. [[clādēs]] <b class="b2">damage etc.</b>, but this requires <b class="b2">*klh₂d-</b>, which is impossible for Greek; and Slav., e. g. Russ.-Csl. [[klada]], Russ. <b class="b2"> | |etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[branch]], [[twig]], [[sprout]] (IA., Arist., Thphr.), also a few cases of monosyllabic <b class="b3">κλαδ-</b> in <b class="b3">κλαδ-ί</b>, <b class="b3">κλάδ-α</b>, <b class="b3">-ας</b> and of an s-stem in [[κλάδεσι]], <b class="b3">-έεσσι</b>, <b class="b3">-έων</b> (after [[δένδρεσι]] etc.?);<br />Compounds: Compp., e. g. <b class="b3">ὀλιγό-κλαδος</b> (Thphr.), <b class="b3">κλαδο-τομέω</b> (pap.).<br />Derivatives: Diminut. [[κλάδιον]] (Lib., pap.) and [[κλαδίσκος]] (Gal.); [[κλαδεών]] (Orph.), [[κλαδών]] (H.) = [[κλάδος]]; [[κλαδώδης]] [[full of branches]] (sch., Eust.), [[κλάδινος]] = [[rameus]] (Gloss.). Denomin. verb [[κλαδεύω]] [[cut off branches]], [[clip]] (Artem.; <b class="b3">-έω</b> Arr.) with [[κλάδευσις]] (Aq., Sm., Gp.), [[κλαδεία]] (Gp.) <b class="b2">cutting off ..., clipping</b>, [[κλαδευτήρια]] pl. [[pruned leaves]] (Gloss.), [[κλαδευτής]] [[pruner]] (Gloss.), [[κλαδευτήριον]], <b class="b3">-ια</b> [[pruning knife]], [[-festival]] (H.).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: One often connects <b class="b2">*kelh₂-</b> [[cut off]] (but Pok. 545ff. contains much irrelevant material). But this cannot give the Greek form. The connection with the Germ. word for [[Holz]], [[Wald]], OIc. OE [[holt]] n. etc. is probably wrong. That both forms can be derived from IE. <b class="b2">*kl̥do-</b> must be accidental, and there is no root <b class="b2">*kel-</b> without laryneal. Kluge-Seebold notes <b class="b2">*kl̥h₂d-</b> [there clearly is a misprint]; a Greek pre-form <b class="b2">*klǝd-</b> is impossible since the laryngeal theory: it should be <b class="b2">*kl̥h₂d-</b> which would have given <b class="b3">*κλαδος</b>. For the realia one referred to J. Trier, Holz (Münster-Köln 1952) p. 43ff. Mostly connected with [[κλάω]] [[break off]] (s. v.), but with a pre-Greek (i.e. from before hist. Greek) dental enlargement. Independent of [[κλάδος]] is the <b class="b3">δ-</b>formation of [[κλαδαρός]] [[invalid]] (s. v.); further <b class="b3">καλαδία ἑυκάνη</b> (= [[plane]]) H. [LSJ gives [[ῥυκάνη]] (plane-tree); thus Frisk s.v.; but this lemma does not exist in H.] with diff. ablaut, s.s.v. - Outside Greek one connects Lat. [[clādēs]] <b class="b2">damage etc.</b>, but this requires <b class="b2">*klh₂d-</b>, which is impossible for Greek; and Slav., e. g. Russ.-Csl. [[klada]], Russ. <b class="b2">kolodá</b> [[beam]], [[block]], [[trunk]], on whch I have no opinion. Kuiper GS Kretschmer 121f connected with <b class="b3">κλάδος κλών</b>, [[κλῶναξ]], with nasalization (replacement of a stop by the nasal of that series) of the [[δ]]; cf. <b class="b3">κλῶναξ κλάδος</b> H. Further Pok. 546f.. | ||
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{{mdlsj | {{mdlsj | ||
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{{FriskDe | {{FriskDe | ||
|ftr='''κλάδος''': {kládos}<br />'''Forms''': auch einzelne Fälle von einsilbigem κλαδ- in [[κλαδί]], [[κλάδα]], -ας und von einem σ-Stamm in κλάδεσι, -έεσσι, -έων (nach [[δένδρεσι]] usw.?), vorw. poet.;<br />'''Grammar''': m.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Ast]], [[Zweig]], [[Trieb]] (ion. att.),<br />'''Composita''': Kompp., z. B. [[ὀλιγόκλαδος]] (Thphr.), [[κλαδοτομέω]] (Pap.).<br />'''Derivative''': Ableitungen: Deminutiva [[κλάδιον]] (Lib., Pap.) und [[κλαδίσκος]] (Gal. u. a.); [[κλαδεών]] (Orph.), [[κλαδών]] (H.) = [[κλάδος]]; [[κλαδώδης]] [[astreich]] (Sch., Eust.), [[κλάδινος]] = ''rameus'' (Gloss.). Denominatives Verb [[κλαδεύω]] [[abästen]], [[beschneiden]] (Artem. u. a.; -έω Arr.) mit [[κλάδευσις]] (Aq., Sm., Gp.), [[κλαδεία]] (Gp.) [[Abästung]], [[Beschneidung]], κλαδευτήρια pl. [[abgeästete Blätter]] (Gloss.), [[κλαδευτής]] [[Abäster]] (Gloss.), [[κλαδευτήριον]], -ια ‘Abästungsmesser, -feier’ (H.).<br />'''Etymology''': Zu [[κλάω]] [[abbrechen]] (s. d.), aber mit einer schon vorgriechischen Dentalerweiterung. Mit [[κλάδος]] kann das germ. Wort für ‘''Holz'', Wald', awno. ags. ''holt'' n. usw. formal sogar identisch sein (idg. *''ql̥do''-). Zum Sachlichen vgl. J. Trier, Holz (Münster-Köln 1952) S. 43ff. Eine von [[κλάδος]] unabhängige δ-Bildung erscheint in [[κλαδαρός]] [[gebrechlich]] (s. d.), dazu noch das im Ablaut abweichende [[καλαδία]] | |ftr='''κλάδος''': {kládos}<br />'''Forms''': auch einzelne Fälle von einsilbigem κλαδ- in [[κλαδί]], [[κλάδα]], -ας und von einem σ-Stamm in κλάδεσι, -έεσσι, -έων (nach [[δένδρεσι]] usw.?), vorw. poet.;<br />'''Grammar''': m.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Ast]], [[Zweig]], [[Trieb]] (ion. att.),<br />'''Composita''': Kompp., z. B. [[ὀλιγόκλαδος]] (Thphr.), [[κλαδοτομέω]] (Pap.).<br />'''Derivative''': Ableitungen: Deminutiva [[κλάδιον]] (Lib., Pap.) und [[κλαδίσκος]] (Gal. u. a.); [[κλαδεών]] (Orph.), [[κλαδών]] (H.) = [[κλάδος]]; [[κλαδώδης]] [[astreich]] (Sch., Eust.), [[κλάδινος]] = ''rameus'' (Gloss.). Denominatives Verb [[κλαδεύω]] [[abästen]], [[beschneiden]] (Artem. u. a.; -έω Arr.) mit [[κλάδευσις]] (Aq., Sm., Gp.), [[κλαδεία]] (Gp.) [[Abästung]], [[Beschneidung]], κλαδευτήρια pl. [[abgeästete Blätter]] (Gloss.), [[κλαδευτής]] [[Abäster]] (Gloss.), [[κλαδευτήριον]], -ια ‘Abästungsmesser, -feier’ (H.).<br />'''Etymology''': Zu [[κλάω]] [[abbrechen]] (s. d.), aber mit einer schon vorgriechischen Dentalerweiterung. Mit [[κλάδος]] kann das germ. Wort für ‘''Holz'', Wald', awno. ags. ''holt'' n. usw. formal sogar identisch sein (idg. *''ql̥do''-). Zum Sachlichen vgl. J. Trier, Holz (Münster-Köln 1952) S. 43ff. Eine von [[κλάδος]] unabhängige δ-Bildung erscheint in [[κλαδαρός]] [[gebrechlich]] (s. d.), dazu noch das im Ablaut abweichende [[καλαδία]]· ἑυκάνη (= [[Hobel]]) H. Außergriechische Anknüpfung bieten noch z. B. lat. ''clādēs'' [[Verletzung]], [[Schaden]] und slav., z. B. russ.-ksl. ''klada'', russ. ''kolodá'' [[Balken]], [[Block]], [[Baumstamm]]. Weitere Verwandte bei WP. 1, 438ff., Pok. 546f., W.-Hofmann s. ''clādēs''.<br />'''Page''' 1,864-865 | ||
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{{Chinese | {{Chinese | ||
|sngr='''原文音譯'''：kl£doj 克拉多士<br />'''詞類次數'''：名詞（11）<br />'''原文字根'''：破碎 相當於： （[[דָּלִית]]‎） （[[סְעַפָּה]]‎） （[[ | |sngr='''原文音譯'''：kl£doj 克拉多士<br />'''詞類次數'''：名詞（11）<br />'''原文字根'''：破碎 相當於： （[[דָּלִית]]‎） （[[סְעַפָּה]]‎） （[[שֹׂוךְ]]‎ / [[שֹׂוכָה]]‎）<br />'''字義溯源'''：小枝，樹枝，嫩枝，枝子，枝；源自（[[κλάω]]）*=破碎）<br />'''出現次數'''：總共（11）；太（3）；可（2）；路（1）；羅（5）<br />'''譯字彙編'''：<br />1） 枝子（4） 羅11:16； 羅11:17； 羅11:18； 羅11:21；<br />2） 樹枝（3） 太21:8； 太24:32； 可13:28；<br />3） 枝（3） 太13:32； 可4:32； 路13:19；<br />4） 眾枝子（1） 羅11:19 | ||
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{{WoodhouseReversedUncategorized | {{WoodhouseReversedUncategorized | ||
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{{mantoulidis | {{mantoulidis | ||
|mantxt=(=[[κλαδί]]). Ἀπό τό [[κλάω]] -ῶ (=[[σπάζω]]), ὅπου δές γιά περισσότερα παράγωγα. | |mantxt=(=[[κλαδί]]). Ἀπό τό [[κλάω]] -ῶ (=[[σπάζω]]), ὅπου δές γιά περισσότερα παράγωγα. | ||
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{{trml | |||
|trtx====[[branch]]=== | |||
Afrikaans: tak; Aklanon: sanga; Albanian: degë; Arabic: فَرْع, غُصْن, شُعْبَة; Egyptian Arabic: فرع, غصن; Armenian: ճյուղ, ոստ; Old Armenian: ճիւղ, ոստ, կողր; Assamese: ঠাল, ডাল; Asturian: rama; Azerbaijani: budaq; Bashkir: ботаҡ; Basque: adar; Belarusian: галіна, галі́нка; Bengali: শাখা; Bulgarian: клон; Burmese: အကိုင်း, အလက်; Catalan: branca; Cebuano: sanga; Chinese Dungan: җызы, җыр, фуҗызы, фуҗыҗызы, фуҗыҗыр; Mandarin: 支, 樹枝, 树枝; Classical Nahuatl: cuammāitl; Czech: větev; Dalmatian: ruoma; Danish: gren; Dutch: [[tak]]; Esperanto: branĉo; Estonian: oks; Even: гар; Evenki: гара; Finnish: oksa, varpu, vitsa; French: [[branche]], [[rameau]]; Friulian: ram; Galician: póla, galla, rama; Georgian: შტო; German: [[Ast]], [[Zweig]]; Gothic: 𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃; Greek: [[κλαδί]], [[κλαρί]]; Ancient Greek: [[κλάδος]], [[ὄζος]], [[ἀκρεμών]], [[κλών]]; Haitian Creole: branch; Hebrew: עָנָף; Hiligaynon: sanga; Hindi: डाल, शाख़, शाखा; Hungarian: ág; Icelandic: grein; Ido: brancho, ramo; Indonesian: dahan, batang; Irish: craobh, géag; Italian: [[ramo]]; Japanese: 枝; Javanese: pang; Jurchen: ha.r.ha; Kazakh: бұтақ; Khmer: មែក, សាខា; Kiput: din; Korean: 나뭇가지, 가지, 줄기; Kunigami: 枝; Kurdish Central Kurdish: چرۆ, لق; Northern Kurdish: liq; Kyrgyz: бутак, шак, тармак; Lao: ກິ່ງ, ງ່າ; Latgalian: zors; Latin: [[ramus]], [[surus]], [[termes]]; Latvian: zars; Lezgi: хел; Lithuanian: šaka; Low German: Telg; Luxembourgish: Aascht; Macedonian: гранка; Malay: dahan; Malayalam: ശാഖ; Maltese: fergħa; Manchu: ᡤᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ; Mansaka: sanga; Maranao: sanga; Middle English: braunche; Mingrelian: ჸა; Miyako: 枝; Mongolian: мөчир; Nahuatl: cuauhmaitl; Nanai: гара, сукту; Navajo: tsin bigaan, atsʼáozʼaʼ; Negidal: gaja; Nepali: हाँगा; Ngazidja Comorian: ndravu; Nivkh: тес; Norman: branque; Norwegian: gren, grein; Occitan: ram, ramèl, branca; Ojibwe: wadikwan; Okinawan: 枝; Old Church Slavonic Cyrillic: вѣтвь; Old English: bōg, twiġ; Old Javanese: paṅ; Old Tupi: akã; Oriya: ଡାଳ, ଶାଖା; Oroch: га̄; Orok: гара; Ossetian: къалиу; Ottoman Turkish: دال, بوداق; Pashto: خراتګه, شاخ; Pennsylvania German: Nascht; Persian: شاخه, شاخ; Plautdietsch: Aust; Polish: gałąź; Portuguese: [[galho]], [[ramo]]; Quechua: capra, zapra; Romanian: ram, ramură, creangă; Romansch: rom, ram; Russian: [[ветвь]], [[ветка]], [[веточка]]; Sanskrit: शाखा; Sardinian: nae, nai; Scots: beuch; Scottish Gaelic: meur, geug; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: грана, вејка; Roman: grana, vejka; Sicilian: ramu; Sidamo: sina; Slovak: vetva, konár; Slovene: veja; Spanish: [[rama]]; Svan: აშხალ; Swahili: tanzu; Swedish: gren; Tagalog: sanga; Tajik: шоха, шох; Tamil: கிளை; Tausug: sanga; Telugu: కొమ్మ, శాఖ; Tetum: sanak; Thai: กิ่ง; Tibetan: ཡལ་ག; Tocharian B: karāk; Tok Pisin: han; Turkish: dal, budak; Turkmen: pudak; Udi: чӏугъ; Udihe: га̄; Ukrainian: ві́тка, галузь, галузка, гі́лка, гі́лочка; Ulch: гара; Urdu: شاخ, ڈال; Uyghur: پۇتاق, شاخ; Uzbek: boʻlim, butoq, shox; Venetian: ràma; Vietnamese: cành, nhánh; Walloon: coxhe; Welsh: cangen; White Yaeyama: 枝; Yagnobi: шох; Yiddish: צווײַג; Yonaguni: 枝; Zhuang: nga; ǃXóõ: gǀkxʻāa-kú | |||
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