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Σ ς: Difference between revisions

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Text replacement - "(sc. " to "(''sc.'' "
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|Transliteration C=S s
|Transliteration C=S s
|Beta Code=*s
|Beta Code=*s
|Definition=σίγμα or σῖγμα (both accents are found in codd.), τό, twentyfirst letter of the Etruscan abecedaria, <span class="title">IG</span>14.2420, and prob. of the oldest Gr. alphabets (corresponding to the twenty-first Hebrew letter <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[shin]] &lt;&#42;&gt;, Phoenician Ω, <span class="title">Syria</span> 6.103), but eighteenth of the Ion. alphabet: as numeral [[σ]] = 200, but <b class="b3">σ'</b> = 200,000: a semi-vowel, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Po.</span>1456b28</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>203b</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> the oldest forms expressing this sound were Μ (which is however the old eighteenth letter, [[quod vide|q.v.]]), also Σ and ς; compared to a twisted curl, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>382.7</span>, <span class="bibl">Theodect.6</span>; to a Scythian bow, <span class="bibl">Agatho 4</span>; after this, but yet early, it took the shape of a semicircle &lt;&#42;&gt;, whence Aeschrio (<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>1</span>) calls the new moon <b class="b3">τὸ καλὸν οὐρανοῦ νέον σῖγμα</b>: hence the orchestra is called <b class="b3">τὸ τοῦ θεάτρου σῖγμα</b>, Phot., <span class="title">AB</span> 286: and Lat. writers used [[sigma]] of a [[semicircular couch]], Mart.10.48.6, etc.; cf. [[σιγμοειδής]]. The rare form &lt;&#42;&gt; is used in the numbering of building-stones in <span class="title">Berl.Sitzb.</span>1888.1234, 1242 (Pergam.). From final ς must be disting uished the character ς = 6, v. ϝ ϝ (sixth letter). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">B</span> the name σίγμα ( σῖγμα) was usually indeclinable, τοῦ σῖγμα Pl. [[l.c.]], <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cra.</span>402e</span>, <span class="bibl">427a</span>, <span class="bibl">Ath.10.455c</span>, <span class="bibl">Lyd.<span class="title">Mens.</span>1.21</span> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[σίγματος]]) ; τῷ σῖγμα <span class="bibl">Gal.<span class="title">UP</span>2.14</span>, al.; τῶν σῖγμα <span class="bibl">Pl.Com.30</span>; τὰ σίγμα τὰ ἐπὶ τῶν ἀσπίδων <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>4.4.10</span>, cf. Hellad. ap. <span class="bibl">Phot.<span class="title">Bibl.</span>p.532</span> B.; later declined, τοῦ σίγματος <span class="bibl">Eust.1389.15</span>; σίγμασιν <span class="bibl">Id.905.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> we also hear of another name σάν [<b class="b3">ᾰ], τό, ta\ ou)no/mata/ sfi</b> (sc. <b class="b3">τοῖσι Πέρσῃσι</b>) τελευτῶσι πάντα ἐς τὠυτὸ γράμμα, τὸ Δωριέες μὲν σὰν καλέουσι, Ἴωνες δὲ σίγμα <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.139</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Dith.Oxy.</span>1604</span> <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span> 1 ii 3</span>, <span class="bibl">Ath.11.467a</span>; as name of the fourth and tenth letters in [[Θρασύμαχος]], and of the sixth in [[Διονύσο]] (υ), Epigr. ap. <span class="bibl">Ath.10.454f</span>, <span class="bibl">Achae.33.4</span>; cf. the compd. <b class="b3">σαμ-φόρας</b>: [[σάν]] and [[σίγμα]] were evidently pronounced alike; it is conjectured that [[σάν]] is originally the name of the old eighteenth letter.</span>
|Definition=σίγμα or σῖγμα (both accents are found in codd.), τό, twentyfirst letter of the Etruscan abecedaria, <span class="title">IG</span>14.2420, and prob. of the oldest Gr. alphabets (corresponding to the twenty-first Hebrew letter <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[shin]] &lt;&#42;&gt;, Phoenician Ω, <span class="title">Syria</span> 6.103), but eighteenth of the Ion. alphabet: as numeral [[σ]] = 200, but <b class="b3">σ'</b> = 200,000: a semi-vowel, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Po.</span>1456b28</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>203b</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> the oldest forms expressing this sound were Μ (which is however the old eighteenth letter, [[quod vide|q.v.]]), also Σ and ς; compared to a twisted curl, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>382.7</span>, <span class="bibl">Theodect.6</span>; to a Scythian bow, <span class="bibl">Agatho 4</span>; after this, but yet early, it took the shape of a semicircle &lt;&#42;&gt;, whence Aeschrio (<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>1</span>) calls the new moon <b class="b3">τὸ καλὸν οὐρανοῦ νέον σῖγμα</b>: hence the orchestra is called <b class="b3">τὸ τοῦ θεάτρου σῖγμα</b>, Phot., <span class="title">AB</span> 286: and Lat. writers used [[sigma]] of a [[semicircular couch]], Mart.10.48.6, etc.; cf. [[σιγμοειδής]]. The rare form &lt;&#42;&gt; is used in the numbering of building-stones in <span class="title">Berl.Sitzb.</span>1888.1234, 1242 (Pergam.). From final ς must be disting uished the character ς = 6, v. ϝ ϝ (sixth letter). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">B</span> the name σίγμα ( σῖγμα) was usually indeclinable, τοῦ σῖγμα Pl. [[l.c.]], <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cra.</span>402e</span>, <span class="bibl">427a</span>, <span class="bibl">Ath.10.455c</span>, <span class="bibl">Lyd.<span class="title">Mens.</span>1.21</span> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[σίγματος]]) ; τῷ σῖγμα <span class="bibl">Gal.<span class="title">UP</span>2.14</span>, al.; τῶν σῖγμα <span class="bibl">Pl.Com.30</span>; τὰ σίγμα τὰ ἐπὶ τῶν ἀσπίδων <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>4.4.10</span>, cf. Hellad. ap. <span class="bibl">Phot.<span class="title">Bibl.</span>p.532</span> B.; later declined, τοῦ σίγματος <span class="bibl">Eust.1389.15</span>; σίγμασιν <span class="bibl">Id.905.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> we also hear of another name σάν [<b class="b3">ᾰ], τό, ta\ ou)no/mata/ sfi</b> (''[[sc.]]'' <b class="b3">τοῖσι Πέρσῃσι</b>) τελευτῶσι πάντα ἐς τὠυτὸ γράμμα, τὸ Δωριέες μὲν σὰν καλέουσι, Ἴωνες δὲ σίγμα <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.139</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Dith.Oxy.</span>1604</span> <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span> 1 ii 3</span>, <span class="bibl">Ath.11.467a</span>; as name of the fourth and tenth letters in [[Θρασύμαχος]], and of the sixth in [[Διονύσο]] (υ), Epigr. ap. <span class="bibl">Ath.10.454f</span>, <span class="bibl">Achae.33.4</span>; cf. the compd. <b class="b3">σαμ-φόρας</b>: [[σάν]] and [[σίγμα]] were evidently pronounced alike; it is conjectured that [[σάν]] is originally the name of the old eighteenth letter.</span>
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