μαλακός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ή, όν, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[soft]]: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> of things subject to [[touch]], [[εὐνή]] <span class="bibl">Il.9</span>. <span class="bibl">618</span>; κώεα <span class="bibl">Od.3.38</span>; [[τάπης]] μαλακοῦ ἐρίοιο <span class="bibl">4.124</span>; [[χιτών]] <span class="bibl">Il.2.42</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span> 4.364.5</span> (iii B.C.); πέπλοι <span class="bibl">Il.24.796</span>; <b class="b3">νειὸς μαλακός</b> [[fresh-ploughed]] [[fallow]], <span class="bibl">18.541</span>; <b class="b3">λειμῶνες μαλακοί</b> [[soft]] [[grassy]] [[meadow]]s, <span class="bibl">Od.5.72</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.14.349</span>; πόας [[ἄνθος]] Sapph.54; τάπητες… μαλακώτεροι ὕπνω <span class="bibl">Theoc.15.125</span>; of the [[skin]] or [[flesh]], μ. παρειαί <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>783</span> (lyr.); [[χρώς]] <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>1403</span> (anap.); [[σώμα]]τα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.10.1</span>; <b class="b3">πρόβατα μαλακά</b> [[soft-fleeced]], <span class="bibl">D.47.52</span>; <b class="b3">τόποι πεδινοὶ καὶ μαλακοί</b>, opp. [[hard]], [[rugged]] [[ground]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>607a10</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ κρημνοὶ οἱ μαλακοί</b> ib.<span class="bibl">615b31</span>; μαλακὴ [[πέτρα]] <span class="title">SIG</span>970.8 (iii B.C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PPetr.</span>2p.6</span> (iii B.C.); μαλακὴ [[τέφρα]] = a [[slow]] [[fire]], <span class="bibl">Ph.<span class="title">Bel.</span>89.36</span>; so μαλακὸν [[πῦρ]] Androm. ap. Gal.13.26; μ. [[ἀνθρακιά]] Dsc.2.76; [[ὕδωρ]] μαλακόν, of [[marsh]] [[water]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>192.8</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>59d</span> (cf. [[μαλθακός]]); of [[soil]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>19.8</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Criti.</span>111b</span>. Adv., [[μαλακῶς]] [[ἐνεύδειν]], [[μαλακῶς]] [[εὑδέμεναι]], to [[sleep]] [[softly]], i.e. [[on soft bedding]], <span class="bibl">Od. 3.350</span>, <span class="bibl">24.255</span>; μαλακώτατα [[καθεύδειν]] <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.1.24</span>; [[καθίζου μαλακῶς]] = [[sit]] [[softly]], i.e. [[on a cushion]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>785</span>; ὑποστορεῖτε μ. τῷ κυνί <span class="bibl">Eub.90</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">108</span>; but <b class="b3">ὡς μαλακῶς ἐσθίεις</b> [[what]] [[dainty]] [[food]] you have! <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Char.</span>2.10</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[μαλακά]] (sc. [[σκεύη]]), τά, [[household utensils]], <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Per.Fr.</span>3</span>, <span class="bibl">Diph.19</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> of things not subject to [[touch]], [[gentle]], [[θάνατος]] <span class="bibl">Od. 18.202</span>; [[ὕπνος]] <span class="bibl">Il.10.2</span>; [[κῶμα]] <span class="bibl">14.359</span>; <b class="b3">μαλακὰ ἔπεα</b> [[soft]], [[fair]] [[word]]s, <span class="bibl">1.582</span>, <span class="bibl">6.337</span>; λόγοι <span class="bibl">Od.1.56</span>; ἐπαοιδαί <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>3.51</span>; παρηγορίαι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>95</span> (anap.); αὖραι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>20.18</span>; <b class="b3">μαλακὸν βλέμμα</b> [[tender]], [[youthful]] [[looks]], <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Pl.</span>1022</span>; μαλακὰ φρονέων ἐσλοῖς <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>4.95</span>; μ. [[οἶνος]] [[mild]] [[wine]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pr.</span> 873b34</span>; μαλακή [φωνή] [[soft]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aud.</span>803a8</span> (Comp.); of [[scent]], [[faint]], [[delicate]], <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>6.7.4</span>; of [[climate]], [[mild]], ib.<span class="bibl">6.8.1</span>. Adv. [[μαλακῶς]], [[αὐλεῖν]] <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Aud.</span>803a20</span>; ἐὰν τὰ σκληρὰ [[μαλακῶς]] λέγηται <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1408b9</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[light]], [[mild]], μαλακώτεραι [[ζημία]]ι <span class="bibl">Th.3.45</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> of persons or modes of life, [[soft]], [[mild]], [[gentle]], <b class="b3">μαλακώτερος ἀμφαφάασθαι</b> [[easier]] to [[handle]], of a [[fallen]] [[hero]], <span class="bibl">Il.22.373</span>; ἐκ τῶν μ. χώρων μ. [[ἄνδρας]] [[γίνεσθαι]] <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.122</span>; μαλακώτερον ἐκ σκληροτέρου τὸ τῆς ψυχῆς ἦθος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>666b</span>; ἀρνίου μαλακώτερος <span class="bibl">Philippid.29</span>; μαλακώτερον τὸ [[ἦθος]] τὸ τῶν θηλειῶν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span> 608a25</span>; ἀρρένων καὶ μ. ἠθῶν καὶ πράξεων Phld.<span class="title">Mus.</span>p.92 K. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> in bad sense, [[soft]], μ. ἐν τῇ ξυναγωγῇ τοῦ πολέμου <span class="bibl">Th.2.18</span>; μ. ἦν περὶ τοῦ μισθοῦ <span class="bibl">Id.8.29</span>; πρὸς τὸ πονεῖν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.2</span>. Adv. [[μαλακῶς]], [[ξυμμαχεῖν]] <span class="bibl">Th.6.78</span>; <b class="b3">μαλακωτέρως ἀνθήπτετο</b> [[attack]]ed him [[somewhat]] [[feebly]], <span class="bibl">Id.8.50</span>; μ. φιλεῖν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.11.10</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> [[faint-hearted]], [[cowardly]], <span class="bibl">Th.6.13</span>, <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">HG</span>4.5.16</span> (Comp.), etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> [[morally weak]], [[lacking in self-control]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.153</span> (Comp.); ἀντίκειται τῷ μ. ὁ [[καρτερικός]] <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1150a33</span>: c. inf., μαλακὸς [[καρτερεῖν]] πρὸς ἡδονάς τε καὶ λύπας <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>556c</span>; τὸ τρυφῶν καὶ μ. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1455</span> (lyr.); μαλακὸν οὐδὲν [[ἐνδιδόναι]] = not to [[give in]] from [[weakness]] or [[want]] of [[spirit]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.51</span>,<span class="bibl">105</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>488</span>; [[τὰ μαλακά]] = [[indulgence]]s, <span class="bibl">Epich.288</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.2.28</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">d</span> = [[παθητικός]], <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHib.</span>1.54.11</span> (iii B.C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Cor.</span>6.9</span>, <span class="bibl">Vett.Val.113.22</span>, <span class="bibl">D.L.7.173</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">e</span> of music, [[soft]], [[effeminate]], μ. [[ἁρμονία]]ι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>398e</span>, <span class="bibl">411a</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1290a28</span>; [[tuned to a low pitch]], opp. [[σύντονος]], [[χρῶμα]] μ. <span class="bibl">Cleonid.<span class="title">Harm.</span>7</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">f</span> of style, [[feeble]], τὸ μαλακώτερον καὶ ταπεινότερον Phld.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1.197 S. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">g</span> of [[reasoning]], [[weak]], [[loose]], [[λόγος]] <span class="bibl">Isoc.12.4</span> (Comp.), cf. <span class="bibl">5.149</span> (Comp.); [[λόγος]] [[λίαν]] μ. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1090b8</span>. Adv. [[μαλακῶς]], [[συλλογίζεσθαι]] to [[reason]] [[loosely]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1396b1</span> (Comp.); [[ἀποδεικνύειν]] μαλακώτερον <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1025b13</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[weakly]], [[sickly]], [[μαλακῶς ἔχειν]] to [[be ill]], <span class="bibl">Hermipp.58</span>, Ps.-Hdt. <span class="title">Vit.Hom.</span>34, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">DDeor.</span>9.1</span>; [[μαλακῶς]] διάκειται <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>263.3</span> (iii B.C.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> Adv. [[μαλακῶς]], v. supr. I, II, III.</span>

|elrutext='''μᾰλᾰκός:'''<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[мягкий]] (на ощупь) ([[εὐνή]], [[χιτών]] Hom.; [[τρίχες]] Arst.; ἱμάτια NT);<br /><b class="num">2</b> [[взрыхленный]], [[распаханный]] ([[νειός]] Hom.);<br /><b class="num">3</b> [[нежный]] (παρειαί Soph.; σώματα Xen.);<br /><b class="num">4</b> [[мягкошерстный]], [[тонкорунный]] (πρόβατα Dem.);<br /><b class="num">5</b> [[тихий]], [[безмятежный]], [[спокойный]] ([[ὕπνος]], [[κῶμα]] Hom.);<br /><b class="num">6</b> [[безболезненный]], [[легкий]] ([[θάνατος]] Hom.);<br /><b class="num">7</b> [[нежный]], [[ласковый]], [[приветливый]] (ἔπεα Hom.; παρηγορίαι Aesch.; [[βλέμμα]] Arph.);<br /><b class="num">8</b> [[мягкий]], [[кроткий]], [[смирный]] (τὸ [[ἦθος]] τῶν θελειῶν Arst.; [[ἄνδρες]] Her.);<br /><b class="num">9</b> [[мягкий]], [[снисходительный]] (ζημίαι Thuc.);<br /><b class="num">10</b> [[с мягким климатом]], [[благодатный]] (χῶραι Her.);<br /><b class="num">11</b> [[легкий]], [[некрепкий]] ([[οἶνος]] Arst.);<br /><b class="num">12</b> [[нежный]], [[негромкий]] (ἐπαοιδαί Pind.; [[ψόφος]] Arst.);<br /><b class="num">13</b> [[вялый]], [[беспечный]] (ἔν τινι или περί τινος Thuc. и πρός τι Xen.);<br /><b class="num">14</b> [[слабый]], [[безвольный]] (περὶ τὰς ἡδονάς Arst. и καρτερεῖν πρὸς ἡδονάς Plat.);<br /><b class="num">15</b> [[робкий]], [[малодушный]] (sc. οἱ στρατιῶται Xen.);<br /><b class="num">16</b> [[изнеженный]], [[развращенный]] (μοιχοὶ καὶ μαλακοί NT).

|sltr=<b>μᾰλᾰκός</b> (-άν, -αῖς（ι), -αῖσιν; -ά acc.: cf. [[μαλθακός]].) [[soft]], [[gentle]] μαλακαῖς ἐπαοι- δαῖς (P. 3.51) μαλακὰν χέρα προσβάλλοντα (sc. Ἀπόλλωνα) (P. 4.271) ἐπιεσσάμενοι [[νῶτον]] μαλακαῖσι κρόκαις (N. 10.44) μαλακαῖς εὐδίαις (Pae. 2.52) χερσίν τ' ἐν μαλακαῖσιν ὅρπακ ἀγλαὸν δάφνας ὀχέοισα of girls' hands Παρθ. 2. 7. n. pl. pro adv., μαλακὰ μὲν φρονέων ἐσλοῖς, τραχὺς δὲ παλιγκότοις [[ἔφεδρος]] (Er. Schmid: μαλθακά codd.: [[with]] [[gentle]] [[disposition]] [[towards]] the [[noble]] ) (N. 4.95)