μήτηρ: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Dor. [[μάτηρ]], ἡ: though parox. in nom., it follows [[πατήρ]] in the accent of the obliq. cases, gen. μητερος contr. μητρός, dat. μητέρι, μητρί, both forms being found in Hom., but the longer forms rarely in Trag. exc. lyr., as <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> ματέρος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>539</span>; ματέρι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1481</span>; μητέρος in iambics, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>843</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Or.</span>580</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Rh.</span>393</span>: acc. always [[μητέρα]], [[μητέρας]]: voc. [[μῆτερ]]:—[[mother]], <span class="bibl">Il.1.351</span>, etc.; of animals, [[dam]], <span class="bibl">17.4</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.10.414</span>; of a [[mother]]-[[bird]], <span class="bibl">Il.2.313</span>; of [[queen]] bees, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>553a29</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἀπὸ ματρὸς φίλας, ἐκ ματρός</b>, from one's [[mother's womb]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>5.114</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span> 422</span> (lyr.): in plural, [[mother]] and [[grandmother]], <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Agis</span>9</span>; as an address to elderly women, ὦ μῆτερ <span class="bibl">D.S.17.37</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Theoc.15.60</span>, etc.: in titles, [[μήτηρ πατρίδος]] = [[mother]] of the [[fatherland]], Lat. [[mater patriae]], <span class="bibl">D.C.58.2</span>; [[μήτηρ τῶν ἀηττήτων στρατοπέδων]] = [[mother]] of the [[invincible]] [[camp]]s, Lat. [[mater invictorum castrorum]], of [[Julia Domna]], <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>362 xi 16</span> (iii A.D.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> of lands, <b class="b3">μήτηρ μήλων, μήτηρ θηρῶν</b>, [[mother]] of [[flock]]s, of [[game]], <span class="bibl">Il. 2.696</span>,<span class="bibl">8.47</span>, etc.; freq. of Earth, γῆ πάντων μήτηρ <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>563</span>; πὰρ μέσον ὀμφαλὸν εὐδένδροιο… ματέρος <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.74</span>; γῆ μήτηρ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>16</span>, etc.; ὦ γαῖα μῆτερ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>601</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ Μήτηρ</b>, = [[Δημήτηρ]], τῇ Μητρὶ καὶ τῇ Κούρῃ ὁρτὴν ἄγουσι <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.65</span>; also of Rhea, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>3.78</span>; ὦ Πὰν... Ματρὸς μεγάλας ὀπαδέ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>95</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>1355</span> (lyr.); μήτηρ ὀρεία <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>746</span> (lyr.); Γαλλαὶ μητρὸς ὀρείης φιλόθυρσοι δρομάδες <span class="title">Lyr.Adesp.</span>121; M. θεῶν <span class="title">SIG</span>1044.8 (Halic., iv B.C.); as title of Isis, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PPetr.</span>3p.2</span> (cf. p.xi) (iii B.C.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> freq. of one's native land, μᾶτερ ἐμά, Θήβα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>1.1</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">P.</span>8.98</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>416</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.25</span>; and so, like [[μητρόπολις]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>9.20</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">6.100</span>; ἡ Σκῦρος ἀνδρῶν ἀλκίμων μήτηρ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>326</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> poet., the [[origin]] or [[source]] of events, <b class="b3">μήτηρ ἀέθλων</b>, of [[Olympia]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>8.1</span>; πειθαρχία γὰρ τῆς εὐπραξίας μήτηρ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>225</span>; ἡ γνώμη κακῶν μήτηρ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1361</span>; of night, as the [[mother]] of [[day]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>265</span>; the grape of wine, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pers.</span>614</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Alc.</span>757</span>; ματέρ' οἰνάνθας ὀπώραν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>5.6</span>; [[Aphrodite]] of the Loves, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>122.4</span>; <b class="b3">φάτις ὦ μᾶτερ αἰσχύνας ἐμᾶς</b>, of a rumour, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>174</span> (lyr.): also in Prose, γεωργίαν τῶν ἄλλων τεχνῶν μητέρα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>5.17</span>; <b class="b3">πολιτειῶν μητέρες δύο</b> (sc. [[μοναρχία]] and [[δημοκρατία]]) <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>693d</span>. (Cf. Lat. [[mater]], OE. módor, etc.)</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: [[mother]] (Il.);<br />Other forms: Dor. [[μάτηρ]]; [[μητρός]], [[μητέρα]] etc. (Schwyzer 567)<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. [[mate]].<br />Compounds: Many compp., e.g. <b class="b3">μητρο-πάτωρ</b> [[mothers father]], [[grandfather through mother]] (Il.) and other kinship-names, <b class="b3">μητρό-πολις</b> f. [[town]], [[which is mother]], [[mothertown]] (Pi., Simon, IA.), <b class="b3">ἀ-μήτωρ</b> [[motherless]] (Hdt.), poet. also [[Not-Mother]] in <b class="b3">μήτηρ ἀμήτωρ</b> (S.); perhaps <b class="b3">Δη-μήτηρ</b> (s. v.). On the compp. in gen. Sommer Nominalkomp. 147, 176f. a.o. (s. Index p. 208), Risch IF 59, 17f., 59 a. 261, Wackernagel Glotta 14, 38 (= Kl. Schr. 2, 846).<br />Derivatives: 1. Diminutiva: <b class="b3">ματρύλ(λ)α</b> f. "dear mother", [[brothel-hostess]] (Phryn., Eust.) with <b class="b3">ματρυλ-εῖον</b> [[brothel]] (Din., Men.); Leumann Glotta 32,224 (= Kl. Schr. 250), Björck Alpha impurum 67; [[μητράριον]] = [[matercula]] (Gloss.). -- 2. [[μήτρα]], ion. <b class="b3">-η</b> f. [[uterus]], [[womb]] (IA.), metaph. [[hardwood]], [[marrow]] (Thphr.; Strömberg Theophrastea 122 ff.), also [[queen bee]] (Arist.; Wackernagel Festgabe Kaegi 55 [= Kl. Schr. 1, 483] and Sommer Nominalkomp. 147 n. 4); [[μητρίδιος]] "with womb", [[rich in seeds]] (Ar. Lys. 549; after [[κουρίδιος]], [[νυμφίδιος]]?). -- 3. [[μητρίς]] (sc. [[γῆ]]) f. [[land of the mother]] (Pherecr.; after [[πατρίς]]). -- 4. [[μητρικός]] [[regarding the mother]] (Arist., hell. inscr., pap.; Wackernagel [[l.c.]] 5 3 f. [= 481 f.]). -- 5. <b class="b3">μητρό-θεν</b> (Dor. <b class="b3">μα-</b>) [[from mothers side]] (Pi.). -- 6. Denomin. verbs: <b class="b3">μητρ-ιάζω</b> <b class="b2">honour the (Great) Mother</b> (Poll.; after <b class="b3">θυσι-άζω</b>, cf. Schwyzer 735), <b class="b3">-ίζω</b> <b class="b2">belong to the (Great) Mother</b> (Iamb.), <b class="b3">-άζω</b> [[resemble the mother]] (Gloss.). -- 7. PN [[Μητρείς]] (Schulze Kl. Schr. 419), [[Μᾶτρυς]] (Leumann Glotta 32, 220 [= Kl. Schr. 246]). -- 8. On [[μήτρως]] and [[μητρυιά]] s. vv. -- On [[μήτηρ]] and derivv. Chantraine REGr. 59--60, 238ff.; on familiar replacing words ([[μαῖα]] a.o.) id. Etudes 16.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [700] <b class="b2">*meh₂ter</b> [[mother]]<br />Etymology: Old inherited word, which may go back on a Lallwort [[mā]] (s. [[μᾶ]]; but this is perhaps rejected by the laryngeal <b class="b2">*meh₂-</b>) for [[mother]], retained everywhere except in Hitt. (which has [[annaš]]), e.g. Skt. <b class="b2">mātár-</b>, Lat. [[māter]], Lith. <b class="b2">mótė</b> [[mother]] (dial.), often (also) [[woman]], [[wife]], Germ., e.g. OHG [[muoter]]. More forms Pok. 700.

|ftr='''μήτηρ''': {mḗtēr}<br />'''Forms''': (dor. [[μάτηρ]]), μητρός, μητέρα usw. (Schwyzer 567); myk. ''ma''-''te''.<br />'''Grammar''': f.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Mutter]] (seit Il.)<br />'''Composita''': Zahlreiche Kompp., z.B. [[μητροπάτωρ]] [[der Mutter Vater]], [[Großvater von mütterlicher Seite]] (Il. usw.) und andere Verwandtschaftsnamen, [[μητρόπολις]] f. [[Stadt]], [[welche Mutter ist]], [[Mutterstadt]] (Pi., Simon,. ion. att.), [[Δημήτηρ]] (s. bes.), [[ἀμήτωρ]] [[mutterlos]] (Hdt. u.a.), poet. auch ‘Nicht-Mutter’ in [[μήτηρ]] [[ἀμήτωρ]] (S.); zu den Kompp. im allg. Sommer Nominalkomp. 147, 176f. u.a. (s. Index S. 208), Risch IF 59, 17f., 59 u. 261, Wackernagel Glotta 14, 38 (= Kl. Schr. 2, 846).<br />'''Derivative''': Ableitungen. 1. Deminutiva: ματρύλ(λ)α f. "Mütterchen", [[Bordellwirtin]] (Phryn., Eust.) mit [[ματρυλεῖον]] [[Bordell]] (Din., Men. u.a.); Leumann Glotta 32,224 (= Kl. Schr. 250), Björck Alpha impurum 67 m. Lit.; [[μητράριον]] = ''matercula'' (Gloss.). — 2. [[μήτρα]], ion. -η f. [[Gebärmutter]], [[Mutterleib]] (ion. att.), übertr. [[Kernholz]], [[Mark]] (Thphr.; Strömberg Theophrastea 122 ff.), auch [[Bienenkönigin]] (Arist.; Wackernagel Festgabe Kaegi 55 [= Kl. Schr. 1, 483] und Sommer Nominalkomp. 147 A. 4 m. weiteren Einzelheiten); [[μητρίδιος]] "mit Mutterleib versehen", [[samenreich]] (Ar. ''Lys''. 549; nach [[κουρίδιος]], [[νυμφίδιος]]?). — 3. [[μητρίς]] (sc. γῆ) f. [[das Land der Mutter]] (Pherekr. u.a.; nach [[πατρίς]]). — 4. [[μητρικός]] ‘auf die M. bezüglich’ (Arist., hell. Inschr., sp. Pap. u.a.; Wackernagel a.O. 5 3 f. [= 481 f.]). — 5. [[μητρόθεν]] (dor. μα-) ‘von der M. her’ (vorw. poet. seit Pi.). — 6. Denominative Verba: [[μητριάζω]] ‘die (große) Mutter verehren’ (Poll.; nach [[θυσιάζω]] u.a., vgl. Schwyzer 735), -ίζω ‘der (großen) Mutter angehören’ (Iamb.), -άζω [[der Mutter ähneln]] (Gloss.). —7. PN Μητρείς (Schulze Kl. Schr. 419), Μᾶτρυς (Leumann Glotta 32, 220 [= Kl. Schr. 246]). — 8. Zu [[μήτρως]] und [[μητρυιά]] s. bes. — Über [[μήτηρ]] nebst Ableitungen Chantraine REGr. 59—60, 238ff.; über familiäre Ersatzwörter ([[μαῖα]] u.a.) ders. Etudes 16.<br />'''Etymology''': Altes, auf ein Lallwort ''mā'' (s. [[μᾶ]]) zurückgehendes Erbwort für [[Mutter]], das in allen Sprachfamihen außer dem Heth. (wo ''annaš'') erhalten ist, z.B. aind. ''mātár''-, lat. ''māter'', lit. ''mótė'' [[Mutter]] (dial.), meist [[Frau]], [[Weib]], [[Ehefrau]], germ., z.B. ahd. ''muoter''. Weitere Formen aus den verschiedenen Sprachen mit zugehöriger Lit. bei WP. 2, 229, Pok. 700 und in den einschlägigen Spezialwörterbüchern.<br />'''Page''' 2,232