οἶδα: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> pf. morphology, [[οἶδα]] I [[know]], used as pres.: plpf. [[ᾔδεα]] (v. infr.), I [[knew]], used as impf.:—pf. [[οἶδα]], Aeol. ὄϊδα <span class="bibl">Alc. 145</span>; 2sg. [[οἶδας]] once in Hom., <span class="bibl">Od.1.337</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Merc.</span>456</span>, <span class="bibl">Thgn.491</span>, <span class="bibl">Hippon.89</span>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Acut.</span>67</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>780</span>, <span class="bibl">Philem.44.3</span> codd.; [[οἶσθα]] elsewhere in Hom., Att., etc.; in Com. also sometimes οἶσθας <span class="bibl">Cratin.105</span>, <span class="bibl">Alex.15.11</span>, <span class="bibl">Men.348.5</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Herod.2.55</span>; pl., [[ἴσμεν]], Ep., Aeol., and Dor. [[ἴδμεν]], also Ion., <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.6</span>, al.; [[ἴστε]], [[ἴσασι]] [ῐς- <span class="bibl">Od.2.211</span>, al., but ῑς- ib.<span class="bibl">283</span>, al.]; οἴδαμεν <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.17</span>, οἴδατε <span class="title">AP</span>12.81 (Mel.), οἴδᾱσι <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.43</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span> 20.14</span> codd.; dual, οἴδατον <span class="bibl">Socr.<span class="title">Ep.</span>22.1</span>: imper. [[ἴσθι]], [[ἴστω]], Boeot. [[ἴττω]], late ἰδέτω <span class="bibl">Phalar.<span class="title">Ep.</span>122</span> codd.: from 3pl. [[ἴσασι]] (ἴσαντι <span class="bibl">Epich. 53</span>) were formed Dor. 1sg. ἴσᾱμι <span class="bibl">Epich.254</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.248</span>; 3sg. ἴσατι <span class="title">IG</span>14.644.4 (Bruttii); 1pl. ἴσᾰμεν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>7.14</span>, [[ἴσαμες]] prob. in <span class="title">Dialex.</span> 6.12; Cret. 3pl. subj. ἴθθαντι <span class="title">GDI</span>5024; inf. [[ϝισάμην]] Kohler-Ziebarth Stadtrecht von Gortyn 34 No.3.19; part. ἴσας <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Adv.</span>175.19</span>, dat. sg. ἴσαντι <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>3.29</span>, Cret. pl. ἴθθαντες <span class="title">GDI</span>5024: subj. [[εἰδῶ]] ([[εἰδέω]], [[ἰδέω]], <span class="bibl">Il.14.235</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.16.236</span>), Ion. 3pl. εἰδέωσι <span class="title">SIG</span>45.21 (Halic., V B.C.); Ep. also εἴδω <span class="bibl">Od.1.174</span>, al. (cf. Hdn. Gr.<span class="bibl">2.131</span>), εἴδομεν <span class="bibl">Il.1.363</span>, εἴδετε <span class="bibl">Od.9.17</span>: opt. [[εἰδείην]], 1pl. εἰδεῖμεν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">La.</span>190b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>582a</span>: inf. [[εἰδέναι]], Ep. [[ἴδμεναι]], [[ἴδμεν]], also ἰδέμεν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>7.25</span>: part. [[εἰδώς]], [[εἰδυῖα]], Ep. also [[ἰδυῖα]], Elean ϝειζώς <span class="title">Schwyzer</span> 409:—plpf. ᾔδεα <span class="bibl">Il.14.71</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.150</span>, contr. ᾔδη <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>18</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span> 511</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>199a</span>, ᾔδησθα <span class="bibl">Od.19.93</span>, <span class="bibl">Eup. 416</span>, etc. (but [[ᾔδεισθα]] freq. in codd., <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>551</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>108</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Men.</span> 80d</span>, al.), [[ᾔδεε]] (ν) <span class="bibl">Il.17.402</span>, al., ᾔδη <span class="bibl">1.70</span>, al. (also later Att., acc. to Aristarch. ap. <span class="bibl">Choerob.<span class="title">in Theod.</span>2.86</span>), Att. contr. [[ᾔδει]] (ν) <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>1187</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>558</span>, etc.; Ep. <span class="bibl">2</span> and 3sg. [[ἠείδης]], [[ἠείδη]] ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] -εις, - ει), <span class="bibl">Il.22.280</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.9.206</span>; Att. also 1sg. ᾔδειν <span class="bibl">D.37.24</span>, 2sg. ᾔδεις <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>554</span>, etc.; pl., ᾔδειμεν <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.82</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">APo.</span>87b40</span>, ᾔδεμεν <span class="bibl">Men.14D.</span> (to be read in <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1232</span>), ᾔδειτε <span class="bibl">D.55.9</span>, etc. ([[ᾔδετε]] prob. in <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span> 1345</span>), Ion. ᾐδέατε <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.58</span> (συν-), ᾔδεισαν <span class="bibl">[[LXX]] <span class="title">Ge.</span>42.23</span>, <span class="bibl">Str.15.3.23</span>, ᾔδεσαν <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.175</span>, <span class="bibl">Thgn.54</span>, etc.; late Ep. [[ᾔδειν]], [[ἠείδειν]], <span class="bibl">A.R.2.65</span>,<span class="bibl">4.1700</span>, also [[ᾖσμεν]], [[ᾖστε]], [[ᾖσαν]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Fr.</span>149.4</span> (prob.), <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>340</span>, <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Cyc.</span>231</span>, etc.; Ep. 3pl. ἴσαν <span class="bibl">Il.18.405</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.4.772</span>:—fut., in this sense, εἴσομαι <span class="bibl">Il.1.548</span>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VM</span>20</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>332</span>, etc.; also εἰδήσω <span class="bibl">Od.7.327</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.234</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.1.44</span>, <span class="bibl">Aen.Tact.31.5</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Top.</span>108a28</span>, <span class="bibl">Herod.5.78</span>, <span class="bibl">Apollon.Perg.<span class="title">Con.</span>1</span> <span class="title">Praef.</span>, etc.; inf. εἰδησέμεν <span class="bibl">Od.6.257</span>.—The aor. and pf. are usually supplied by [[γιγνώσκω]]; aor. 1 inf. [[εἰδῆσαι]] is found in Hp.Acut.(Sp.) 22, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Epid.</span>6.8.25</span> ([[ἐξ]]-), <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1156b27</span>, Thphr.<span class="title">Char. Prooem.</span>4; imper. εἴδησον <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>36.2</span> (iii B.C.); 3pl. subj. [[εἰδήσωσιν]] Herzog Koische Forschungen No.<span class="bibl">190</span> (ii/i B.C.):—[[know]], [[have knowledge of]], [[be acquainted with]], Hom., etc.: c. acc. rei, ὃς ᾔδη τά τ' ἐόντα τά τ' ἐσσόμενα πρό τ' ἐόντα <span class="bibl">Il.1.70</span>; <b class="b3">νοήματα, μήδεα οἶδε</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.2.122</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.18.363</span>, etc.: less freq. c. acc. pers., τούτους μὲν δὴ οἶδα <span class="bibl">Od.4.551</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>365e</span>, <span class="bibl">D.54.34</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">πρῶτος ὧν ἡμεῖς ἴδμεν</b> the first we [[know of]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.6</span>, etc.; παλαίτατος ὧν ἀκοῇ ἴσμεν <span class="bibl">Th.1.4</span>: strengthened by [[εὖ]] or <b class="b3">σάφα, εὖ τόδ' ἴσθι</b> [[know]] well, [[be assured]] of this, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>593</span>; σάφ' οἶδ' ἐγώ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>740</span>, etc.: freq. in Hom. with neut. Adj., to [[express]] [[character]] or [[disposition]], <b class="b3">ἄγρια οἶδε</b> [[has]] [[fierceness]] in his [[heart]], <span class="bibl">Il.24.41</span>; <b class="b3">ἀθεμίστια ᾔδη</b> [[had]] [[lawlessness]] in his [[heart]], <span class="bibl">Od.9.189</span>; <b class="b3">αἴσιμα, ἄρτια ᾔδη</b>, <span class="bibl">14.433</span>, <span class="bibl">19.248</span>; <b class="b3">εἴ μοι ἤπια εἰδείη</b> if he [[were]] [[kindly]] [[disposed]] towards me, <span class="bibl">Il.16.73</span>; φίλα εἰδότες ἀλλήλοισιν <span class="bibl">Od.3.277</span>; <b class="b3">κεχαρισμένα, πεπνυμένα εἰδώς</b>, <span class="bibl">8.584</span>, <span class="bibl">24.442</span>: c. gen., ὃς σάφα θυμῷ εἰδείη τεράων <span class="bibl">Il. 12.229</span>; ὃς πάσης εἰδῇ σοφίης <span class="bibl">15.412</span>; <b class="b3">τόξων ἐῢ εἰδώς</b> [[cunning]] with the [[bow]], <span class="bibl">2.718</span>; αἰχμῆς ἐῢ εἰ. <span class="bibl">15.525</span>; οἰωνῶν σάφα εἰδώς <span class="bibl">Od.1.202</span>; ἐῢ εἰδὼς τεκτοσυνάων <span class="bibl">5.250</span>; μάχης ἐῢ εἰδότε πάσης <span class="bibl">Il.2.823</span>; κύνε εἰδότε θήρης <span class="bibl">10.360</span>; παῖδ' ἔτ' ἐόντ' οὔ πω μάλα εἰδότε θούριδος ἀλκῆς <span class="bibl">11.710</span>; εἰδὼς πυγμαχίης <span class="bibl">23.665</span>; θεοπροπίων ἐῢ εἰδώς <span class="bibl">6.438</span>; <b class="b3">χάριν εἰδέναι τινί</b> [[acknowledge]] a [[debt]] to another, [[thank]] him, <span class="bibl">14.235</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.21</span>, etc.: imper., freq. in [[protestation]]s, <b class="b3">ἴστω νῦν Ζεὺς αὐτός</b> [[be]] Zeus [[my witness]], <span class="bibl">Il.10.329</span>; ἴστω νῦν τόδε Γαῖα <span class="bibl">15.36</span>, etc.; Boeot. <b class="b3">ἴττω Ἡρακλῆς</b> etc., <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>860</span>, etc.: part. [[εἰδώς]], abs., [[one who knows]], one [[acquaint]]ed with the [[fact]], ἰδυίῃ πάντ' ἀγορεύω <span class="bibl">Il.1.365</span>; μετ' εἰδόσιν ἀγορεύειν <span class="bibl">10.250</span>; μακρηγορεῖν ἐν εἰδόσιν <span class="bibl">Th.2.36</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.53</span>; μαθεῖν παρὰ τοῦ εἰδότος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>337d</span>, etc.; also <b class="b3">ἰδυίῃσι πραπίδεσσι</b> with [[knowing]] [[mind]], <span class="bibl">Il.1.608</span>,al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> c. inf., [[know how]] to do, οἶδ' ἐπὶ δεξιά, οἶδ' ἐπ' ἀριστερὰ νωμῆσαι βῶν <span class="bibl">7.238</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1010</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>376</span>; also, to [[be]] in a [[condition]], [[be able]], [[have]] the [[power]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>664</span>, <span class="bibl">D.4.40</span>; of drugs, ὅσα λεπτύνειν οἶδε Alex. Trall.<span class="title">Febr.</span>6; of a festival, <b class="b3">οἶδε ἐκπέμπουσα δάκνειν</b> Chor.p.124 B.; [[learn]], ἵν' εἰδῇ μὴ 'πὶ τοῖς ἐμοῖς κακοῖς ὑψηλὸς εἶναι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>729</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> c. part., to [[know]] [[that]] such and such [[is]] the [[fact]], the part. being in nom. when it is a predicate of the Subject of the Verb, <b class="b3">ἴσθι μοι δώσων</b> [[know]] [[that]] [[thou]] wilt [[give]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1670</span>; ἴστω ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀδελφεοῦ ἀποθανών <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.76</span>; οὐ γὰρ οἶδα δεσπότας κεκτημένος <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>397</span>: in acc. when it is predicate of the Object, τοὺς φιλτάτους γὰρ οἶδα νῷν ὄντας πικρούς <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>234</span>; τὸν Μῆδον ἴσμεν ἐκ περάτων γῆς ἐλθόντα <span class="bibl">Th.1.69</span>: with part. omitted, <b class="b3">γῆν αὐτὰ οἶδεν ἀμφότερα</b> (sc. [[ὄντα]]) <span class="bibl">Jul.<span class="title">Or.</span>7.226a</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> less freq.c.acc. et inf., πλήθους… ἂν σάφ' ἴσθ' ἕκατι βάρβαρον ναυσὶν κρατῆσαι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>337</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1329</span>; εὖ ἴσθι τοῦτον… ἰσχυρῶς ἀνιᾶσθαι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.3.44</span>; also εὖ τόδ' ἴσθι, μηδάμ' ἡμέρᾳ μιᾷ πλῆθος τοσουτάριθμον ἀνθρώπων θανεῖν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>431</span>; ἕν γ' ἀκούσασ' ἴσθι, μὴ ψευδῶς μ' ἐρεῖν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>1005</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> c. acc. followed by [[ὡς]], [[ὅτι]], etc., οἶδα κἀμαυτὴν ὅτι ἀλγῶ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>332</span>; ἐάν τινα εἰδῶσιν ὅτι ἄδικός ἐστι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span> 323b</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b3">οὐκ οἶδ' εἰ</b>… I [[know]] not whether, to express disbelief or doubt, sometimes with [[ἄν]] transposed, οὐκ οἶδ' ἂν εἰ πείσαιμί σε <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Alc.</span>48</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.45.7</span>: with Verb omitted after [[εἰ]], as <b class="b3">οὐκ οἶδ' εἴ τις ἄλλος</b> [[perhaps]] no other, <span class="bibl">Isoc.6.1</span>, <span class="bibl">12.10</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">7</span> in similar ellipses with other Conjunctions, <b class="b3">οὐκ οἶδ' ὅπως</b> I [[know]] not how, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>40c</span>b; οὐκ οἶδ' ὁπόθεν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cra.</span>396d</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">8</span> [[οἶδα]], [[ἴσθι]] are freq. parenthetic, οἶδ' ἐγώ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>948</span>; <b class="b3">σάφ' οἶδα</b> ib.<span class="bibl">94</span>,<span class="bibl">963</span>; also <b class="b3">οἶδ' ὅτι, οἶσθ' ὅτι, ἴσθ' ὅτι, πάρειμι δ' ἄκων οὐχ ἑκοῦσιν, οἶδ' ὅτι</b> (sc. [[πάρειμι]]) I [[know]] it [[well]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span> 276</span>; <b class="b3">οἶδ' ὅτι</b>, freq. in D., as <span class="bibl">9.1</span>, al.; σάφ' ἴσθ' ὅτι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>889</span>:—<b class="b3">οἶσθ' ὅ, οἶσθ' ὡς</b>, with imper., are common in Trag. and Com., <b class="b3">οἶσθ' οὖν ὃ δρᾶσον</b>; [[do]] — [[thou]] [[know]]'st what, i.e. [[make haste]] and [[do]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>1158</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pax</span>1051</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οἶσθ' ὡς πόησον</b>; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>543</span>; also <b class="b3">οἶσθ'… ὡς νῦν μὴ σφαλῇς</b>; <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>75</span>; <b class="b3">οἶσθα νῦν ἅ μοι γενέσθω</b>; <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>1203</span>: rarely with the fut., <b class="b3">οἶσθ' οὖν ὃ δράσεις</b> (nisileg. [[δρᾶσον]]); <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>131</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Med.</span>600</span> codd.</span>