μή: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Elean μά [ᾱ] <span class="title">SIG</span>9.5 (Olympia, vi B.C.). (Cf. Skt. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">mā´</b>, Arm. [[mi]] [from I.-E. <b class="b2">mē´</b>], negative used in prohibitions):—[[not]], the negative of the [[will]] and [[thought]], as [[οὐ]] of [[fact]] and [[statement]]; [[μή]] rejects, [[οὐ]] denies; [[μή]] is relative, [[οὐ]] absolute; [[μή]] subjective, [[οὐ]] objective. (A few examples of [[μηδέ]] and [[μηδείς]] have been included.) </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> in INDEPENDENT sentences, used in expressions of [[will]] or [[wish]], [[command]], [[entreaty]], [[warning]], </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> with pres. imper., 2 pers., μή μ' ἐρέθιζε <span class="bibl">Il.1.32</span>, al.; <span class="bibl">3</span> pers., μή μευ πειράτω <span class="bibl">9.345</span>, etc.: rarely with aor. imper., μὴ… ἔνθεο τιμῇ <span class="bibl">4.410</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.24.248</span>; in Att., μὴ ψεῦσον, ὦ Ζεῦ, τῆς… ἐλπίδος <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>870</span>; <span class="bibl">3</span> pers., μή τις ἀκουσάτω <span class="bibl">Od.16.301</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>8.55</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">P.</span>5.23</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>1041</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1180</span>; μηδεὶς νομισάτω, προσδοκησάτω <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.5.73</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>17c</span>: with pf. imper. <span class="bibl">3</span> pers., μή τις ὀπίσσω τετράφθω <span class="bibl">Il.12.272</span>; or <span class="bibl">2</span> pers. when pf. = pres., μὴ κεκράγετε <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">V.</span>415</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> with subj. (usu. <span class="bibl">2</span> pers. of aor.), in prohibitions, μὴ δή με… ἐάσῃς <span class="bibl">Il.5.684</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>583</span> (lyr.), al.; <b class="b3">μή τοί με κρύψῃς τοῦτο</b> ib.<span class="bibl">625</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>470</span>; μὴ φθονήσῃς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>320c</span>: coupled with pres. imper., μὴ βοηθήσητε τῷ πεπονθότι δεινά, μὴ εὐορκεῖτε <span class="bibl">D.21.211</span>; 3 pers., μὴ… γένηται <span class="bibl">Il.4.37</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.22.213</span>; μὴ ματεύσῃ θεὸς γενέσθαι <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>5.24</span>: rarely, if ever, with <span class="bibl">2</span> pers. pres. subj., μὴ κάμνῃς <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span> 1143</span> (leg. [[κάμῃς]]); <span class="bibl">3</span> pers., <b class="b3">μή τις οἴηται</b>, = [[μὴ οἰώμεθα]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>861e</span>: also with the hortative subj. used to supply the ''1'' pers. of the imper., pres. <b class="b3">μὴ ἴομεν</b> ( ἴωμεν) <span class="bibl">Il.12.216</span>, etc.; μὴ διώκωμεν <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.109</span>, etc.: aor. μὴ πάθωμεν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.5.11</span>, etc.: rarely with 1sg., μή σε… κιχείω <span class="bibl">Il.1.26</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">21.475</span>, <span class="bibl">22.123</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>174</span> (anap.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> with pres. or aor. subj. in a warning or statement of fear, <b class="b3">μὴ… γένησθε</b> [[take care you do]] [[not become]], <span class="bibl">Il.5.487</span>; <b class="b3">μὴ… ὑφαίνῃσιν</b> <b class="b2">I fear… may prove to be weaving</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.5.356</span>; αἷμα μὴ σοῖς ἐξομόρξωμαι πέπλοις <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>1399</span>: in Att. Prose, to make a polite suggestion of apprehension or hesitation, [[perhaps]], μὴ ἀγροικότερον ᾖ τὸ ἀληθὲς εἰπεῖν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>462e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tht.</span> 188d</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1291a8</span>, al.: in later Greek the ind. is found, μὴ ἡ ἔννοια ἡμῶν… ἀντιλαμβάνεται <span class="bibl">Dam.<span class="title">Pr.</span>27</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> with fut. ind., a dub. usage ([[νεμεσήσετ]]' is subj. in <span class="bibl">Il.15.115</span>), μηδεμίαν ἄδειαν δώσετε <span class="bibl">Lys.29.13</span>; <b class="b3">μὴ βουλήσεσθε</b> (Pap. <b class="b3">βούλη[σθ]ε</b>) <span class="bibl">D.23.117</span>; cf. [[μαλακὸν]] ἐνδώσετε μηδέν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>488</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> with past tenses of ind. to express an unfulfilled wish, μὴ ὄφελες λίσσεσθαι <span class="bibl">Il.9.698</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od. 11.548</span>; μή ποτ' ὤφελον λιπεῖν τὴν Σκῦρον <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>969</span>; εἴθε μή ποτ' εἰδόμαν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OT</span>1217</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>70</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cyc.</span>186</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>4.6.3</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> with opt. to express a negative wish, with pres., ἃ μὴ κραίνοι τύχη <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>426</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eu.</span>938</span> (lyr.): more freq. with aor., μὴ σέ γ' ἐν ἀμφιάλῳ Ἰθάκῃ βασιλῆα Κρονίων ποιήσειεν <span class="bibl">Od.1.386</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">403</span>, <span class="bibl">11.613</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> in oaths and asseverations, ἴστω Ζεὺς... μὴ μὲν τοῖς ἵπποισιν ἀνὴρ ἐποχήσεται ἄλλος <span class="bibl">Il.10.330</span>; ἴστω νῦν τόδε Γαῖα... μὴ… Ποσειδάων… πημαίνει Τρῶας <span class="bibl">15.41</span>; μὰ τὴν Ἀφροδίτην... μὴ ἐγώ σ' ἀφήσω <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>1000</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Av.</span>195</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lys.</span>917</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">7</span> c. inf., when used as imper., μὴ δή μοι ἀπόπροθεν ἰσχέμεν ἵππους <span class="bibl">Il.17.501</span>; μὴ πρὶν ἐπ' ἠέλιον δῦναι <span class="bibl">2.413</span>; οἷς μὴ πελάζειν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>712</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">8</span> freq. without a Verb, <b class="b3">εἰ χρή, θανοῦμαι</b>. Answ. <b class="b3">μὴ σύ γε</b> (sc. [[θάνῃς]]) <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1441</span>; <b class="b3">ἄπελθε νῦν</b>. Answ. [[μὴ]] (sc. [[γενέσθω]]) <b class="b3"> ἀλλά</b> [[nay but]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>458</span>; in curt expressions, <b class="b3">μὴ τριβὰς ἔτι</b> (sc. [[ποιεῖσθε]]) <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>577</span>; <b class="b3">μή μοι σύ</b> [[none of that]] to me! <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>964</span>; <b class="b3">μή μοι πρόφασιν</b> [[no]] excuses! <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>345</span>; μή μοί γε μύθους <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">V.</span>1179</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">B</span> in DEPENDENT clauses: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> with Final Conjs., ἵνα μή <span class="bibl">Il.19.348</span>, etc.; ὅπως μή <span class="bibl">D.27.5</span>,al.; ὡς μή <span class="bibl">Il.8.37</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>53</span>,al.; ὄφρα μή <span class="bibl">Il. 1.118</span>,al.: with <b class="b3">ὅπως ἄν</b> and <b class="b3">ὡς ἄν</b>, [[that so]], ὅπως ἂν… μηδέ <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>178</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>481a</span>; ὡς ἂν μή <span class="bibl">Od.4.749</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.5</span>; but </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> [[μή]] alone, = [[ἵνα μή]], [[lest]], ἀπόστιχε μή τινοήσῃ Ἥρη <span class="bibl">Il.1.522</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">587</span>; λίσσεσθαι... μή οἱ… χολώσαιτο φρένα κούρη <span class="bibl">Od.6.147</span>: fut. ind. and aor. subj. in consecutive clauses, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>495</span> (lyr., dub.l.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> in the protasis of conditional sentences, v. [[εἰ]] (for the exceptions v. [[οὐ]]), and with temporal conjunctions used conditionally, v. [[ἐπειδάν, ὅταν, ὅτε]], etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">ὅτι μή</b> [[except]], ὅτι μὴ Χῖοι μοῦνοι <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.18</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.4.26</span>; ὅτι μὴ πᾶσα ἀνάγκη <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>67a</span>; <b class="b3">ὅσον μή</b> ib.<span class="bibl">83a</span>; <b class="b3">ὅσα μὴ ἀποβαίνοντες</b> [[provided only that]] they did [[not]] disembark, <span class="bibl">Th.4.16</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> in later Gr., with causal Conjs., ὁ μὴ πιστεύων ἤδη κέκριται, ὅτι μὴ πεπίστευκεν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Jo.</span>3.18</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">DMort.</span>21.2</span>, D Deor.<span class="bibl">2.1</span>; ἐπεὶ μή <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hist.Conscr.</span>3</span>, etc.: also after [[ὅτι]] and [[ὡς]] [[that]], ὅτι μὴ ἐστὶν ἐπίπεδος οὕτως ἂν καταμάθοιμεν <span class="bibl">Cleom.1.8</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Hist.Conscr.</span>29</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">DDeor.</span>20.10</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> in relat. clauses, which imply a condition or generality, <b class="b3">ὃς δὲ μὴ εἶδέ κω τὴν κανναβίδα</b> [[whoever]]... <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.74</span>; <b class="b3">ὃ μὴ κελεύσει</b> (fort. [[κελεύσαι]]) <b class="b3"> Ζεύς</b> [[such a thing as]]... <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>618</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">661</span>, <span class="bibl">899</span>; <b class="b3">λέγονθ' ἃ μὴ δεῖ</b> [[such things as]] one ought [[not]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>583</span>; λόγοις τοιούτοις οἷς σὺ μὴ τέρψῃ κλύων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>691</span>; ὅπου μὴ ἠθέλησεν <span class="bibl">Antipho 1.7</span>: freq. with subj., ᾧ μὴ ἄλλοι ἀοσσητῆρες ἔωσιν <span class="bibl">Od.4.165</span>, al.: with [[ἄν]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>281</span>: with opt., ἃ μὴ σαφῶς εἰδείη <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.6.19</span>, etc.: less freq. with opt. and [[ἄν]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>20a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lg.</span>839a</span>; <b class="b3">γένοιτο δ' ἂν ἐν ᾗ μή τι ἂν προσδοκήσειεν χώρᾳ</b> ib.<span class="bibl">872d</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> c. inf., </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">a</span> regularly from Homer on, exc. after Verbs of saying and thinking (but v. infr. c): after [[ὥστε]] or ὡς, ὥστε μὴ φρονεῖν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>725</span> (troch.), etc. (for exceptions v. [[οὐ]]): always when the inf. takes the Art., τὸ μὴ προμαθεῖν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>8.60</span>; τὸ μὴ ἀμελεῖν μάθε <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Eu.</span>86</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">749</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pr.</span>624</span>; λείπομαι ἐν τῷ μὴ δύνασθαι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>496</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> by an apparent pleonasm after Verbs of negative result signifying to [[forbid]], [[deny]], and the like, ὁ δ' ἀναίνετο μηδὲν ἑλέσθαι <span class="bibl">Il.18.500</span> (without [[μή]] ib.<span class="bibl">450</span>); ἀντιδικεῖν <span class="bibl">Lys.6.12</span> (μηδέν) ; ἀντιλέγειν <span class="bibl">Th.5.49</span>, <span class="bibl">Is.4.15</span> (μηδέ) ; ἀπαγορεύειν <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.34</span>, <span class="bibl">And.4.9</span>; ἀπειπεῖν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>557</span>, <span class="bibl">D.33.19</span>, etc.; ἀπαυδᾶν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>1072</span>; ἀπείργειν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>1559</span>, al. (without μή <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>70</span>); ἀπιστεῖν <span class="bibl">Th.4.40</span>; ἀπεγνωκέναι <span class="bibl">Lys.1.34</span>; ἀποστερεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">Antipho 2.4.1</span> (μηδέ) ; ἀποτρέπεσθαι <span class="bibl">Id.5.32</span> (μηδέν) <b class="b3">; ἀρνεῖσθαι, ἔξαρνος εἶναι</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>572</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.67</span>; ἐναντιωθῆναι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>32b</span>; σχεῖν <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.158</span>; [[παύειν]] (where the part. is more freq.) <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>634</span>; κωλῦσαι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1269</span>; ἐπάρατον ἦν μὴ οἰκεῖν <span class="bibl">Th.2.17</span>: in these cases the Art. freq. precedes μή, τὸ δὲ μὴ λεηλατῆσαι… ἔσχε τόδε <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.101</span>; <b class="b3">ἐξομῇ τὸ μὴ εἰδέναι</b>; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>535</span>; <b class="b3">εἴργειν τὸ μή</b>… <span class="bibl">Th.3.1</span>, etc.; also ἀπέφυγε τὰ σφῷν τὸ μὴ πίτνειν κακῶς <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1740</span> (lyr.): with Art. in gen., <b class="b3">ἔχειν τοῦ μή</b>… <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.5.71</span>; <b class="b3">ἐμποδὼν γίγνεσθαι τοῦ μή</b>… <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.4.23</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> after Verbs of saying and thinking which involve an action of will, as in those signifying to [[swear]], [[aver]], [[believe]], and the like; so after [[ὄμνυμι]], <span class="bibl">Il.9.133</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.5.179</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.165</span>, <span class="bibl">2.179</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1047</span>, etc.; μαρτυρῶ <span class="bibl">Lys.7.11</span>, <span class="bibl">D.45.15</span>, etc.; ὁμολογῶ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>336b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Smp.</span>202b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phd.</span> 93d</span>, etc.; ἐγγυῶμαι <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>11(10).18</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>336d</span>; πέπεισμαι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ap.</span> 37a</span>, etc.; πιστεύω <span class="bibl">And.1.2</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.9.8</span>, etc.: occasionally with other Verbs, φημί <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.39</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>155a</span>; [[λέγω]], [[προλέγω]], <span class="bibl">Th. 5.49</span>, <span class="bibl">1.139</span>; <b class="b3">πάντες ἐροῦσι μή</b>… <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.1.18</span>; [[νομίζω]] ib.<span class="bibl">7.5.59</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.6.102</span>; ἡγοῦμαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>27d</span>: very freq. in later Gr., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>2.12</span>, <span class="bibl">Luc. <span class="title">Peregr.</span>44</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> with the part., when it can be resolved into a conditional clause, <b class="b3">μὴ ἐνείκας</b>, = [[εἰ μὴ ἤνεικε]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.64</span>; <b class="b3">μὴ θέλων</b>, = [[εἰ μὴ θέλεις]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>504</span>; <b class="b3">μὴ δολώσαντος θεοῦ</b>, = [[εἰ μὴ ἐδόλωσε]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ag.</span> 273</span>; <b class="b3">μὴ δρῶν</b>, = [[εἰ μὴ δρῴην]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>77</span>, etc.: in a general or characteristic sense, <b class="b3">δίδασκέ με ὡς μὴ εἰδότα</b>, = [[ut qui nihil sciam]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>1155</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span> 1063</span>, <span class="bibl">1064</span>; <b class="b3">τίς πρὸς ἀνδρὸς μὴ βλέποντος ἄρκεσις</b>; [[one who]] sees [[not]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>73</span>: in this signf. freq. with the Art., ὁ μὴ λεύσσων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tr.</span> 828</span> (lyr.); ὁ μὴ δουλεύσας <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>762e</span>; τῷ μὴ εἰργασμένῳ <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.65</span>; τὸν… μὴ φροντίσαντα <span class="bibl">Lycurg.27</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">45</span>, etc.: with causal significance, μὴ παρὼν θαυμάζεται <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>289</span>, etc.; ἄθλια πάσχω μὴ… μόνον βιαζόμενος <span class="bibl">Antipho 2.2.4</span>; ἑτέρας μηδεμιᾶς ὁμολογουμένης εἶναι <span class="bibl">Is.5.16</span>; μηδενὸς ἐμποδὼν ὄντος <span class="bibl">D.3.8</span>: very freq. in later Greek, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>38.16</span> (i A.D.), <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">DMeretr.</span>12.4</span>, etc.: occasionally after Verbs of knowing and showing, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>79</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OC</span>656</span>,<span class="bibl">797</span>, <span class="bibl">1122</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>970</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.76</span>, <span class="bibl">2.17</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">7</span> with Substs., Adjs., and Advbs. used generically, with or without Art., τὰ μὴ δίκαια <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>432</span>; δίκαια καὶ μὴ δίκαια <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ch.</span>78</span> (lyr.); τὸ μὴ 'νδικον <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>682</span> (lyr.); τὸ μὴ καλόν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>370</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">ἡ μὴ 'μπειρία</b>, = [[τὸ μὴ ἔχειν ἐμπειρίαν]], [[want of]] experience, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>115</span>; ἡ μὴ ἐπιτροπή <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>966c</span>; <b class="b3">δῆμον καὶ μὴ δῆμον</b> ib. <span class="bibl">759b</span>; ὁ μὴ ἰατρός <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Grg.</span> 459b</span>; νίκης μὴ κακῆς <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>903</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Th.</span>411</span>; τῷ φρονοῦντι μὴ καλῶς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pr.</span>1012</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ag.</span>349</span>,<span class="bibl">927</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">8</span> after Verbs expressing [[fear]] or [[apprehension]] (cf. <b class="b3">μὴ οὐ</b>): </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">a</span> when the thing feared is fut., mostly with subj.: with pres. subj., <b class="b3">δεινῶς ἀθυμῶ μὴ βλέπων ὁ μάντις ᾖ</b> [[shall proveto be]]... <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>747</span>, cf.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span>1113</span>; ὅρα μὴ κυβεύῃς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>314a</span>: more freq. with aor., δείδοικα… μή σε παρείπῃ <span class="bibl">Il. 1.555</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">9.244</span>, <span class="bibl">13.745</span>: with pf., [[shall prove to have been]], δέδοικα μὴ περαιτέρω πεπραγμέν' ᾖ μοι <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Tr.</span>663</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>494</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.119</span>,<span class="bibl">4.140</span>, etc.: less freq. with fut. ind., <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.3.6</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>488</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>13a</span>: with opt. according to the sequence of moods and tenses: pres. opt., <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Tr.</span>482</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.10.9</span>: aor., <span class="bibl">Od.11.634</span>, etc.: pf., <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.3.10</span>: with fut. opt. in oratio obliqua, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HG</span>6.4.27</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.7</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthphr.</span>15d</span>: with opt. and [[ἄν]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>631</span>, X. [[vect]].4.41. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> when the action is pres. or past, the ind. is used, εἰσόρα μὴ σκῆψιν οὐκ οὖσαν τίθης <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>584</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span> 1523</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>493</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">La.</span>196c</span>; ὅρα μὴ παίζων ἔλεγεν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tht.</span> 145b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>119</span>; φοβούμεθα μὴ ἀμφοτέρων ἡμαρτήκαμεν <span class="bibl">Th.3.53</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>209</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ly.</span>218d</span>; δείδω μὴ δὴ πάντα θεὰ νημερτέα εἶπεν <span class="bibl">Od. 5.300</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> with ind. and subj. in consecutive clauses, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>93</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">C</span> in QUESTIONS: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> direct questions, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> with ind., where aneg. answer is anticipated (but more generally in <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>683</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1502</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tr.</span>316</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>488b</span>), in Hom. only <b class="b3">ἦ μή</b>…; <span class="bibl">Od.6.200</span>, <span class="bibl">9.405</span>; <b class="b3">μή σοι δοκοῦμεν</b>…; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>344</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pr.</span>249</span>,<span class="bibl">959</span>, etc.: in Trag. and Att. freq. <b class="b3">ἆρα μή</b>; <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Th.</span>208</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>446</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>405a</span>: for questions in which [[μή]] (μηδέ) follows [[οὐ]], v. [[οὐ μή]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> in other questions, <b class="b3">τί μὴ ποιήσω</b>; what am I [[not]] to do? <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>1276</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">τί μή</b>; why [[not]]? <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span>668</span> ([[si vera lectio|s.v.l.]]); cf. [[μήν]] </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> with subj., when the speaker deliberates about a neg. action, <b class="b3">μὴ οὕτω φῶμεν</b>; <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>335c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">337b</span>, <span class="bibl">417b</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ τοιοῦτος μὴ δῷ δίκην</b>; <span class="bibl">D.21.35</span>; <b class="b3">πῶς μὴ φῶμεν</b>; <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span> 161e</span>: with opt. and <b class="b3">ἄν, πῶς ἄν τις μὴ θυμῷ λέγοι</b>; how can a man [[help being]] excited when he speaks? <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lg.</span>887c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Grg.</span>510d</span>, <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Mem.</span>3.1.10</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> indirect questions, freq. with Verbs implying [[fear]] and [[apprehension]] (cf. B. 8), ὄφρα ἴδωμεν μὴ τοὶ κοιμήσωνται <span class="bibl">Il.10.98</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">101</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.21.395</span>; περισκοπῶ μή πού τις… ἐγχρίμπτει <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>898</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.2.13</span>, etc.; also <b class="b3">σκοπεῖσθαι πῶς ἂν μή</b>… <span class="bibl">Isoc.5.8</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">15.6</span>; later in simple indirect questions, ἐπυνθάνετο μὴ ἔγνω <span class="bibl">Ant.Lib.23.5</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> in questions introduced by εἰ, ἤρετό με… εἰ μὴ μέμνημαι <span class="bibl">Aeschin.2.36</span> (<b class="b3">εἰ οὐκ</b> in same sense, <span class="bibl">1.84</span>): in the second part of a disjunctive question, <b class="b3">εἰ… ἢ</b> (or [[εἴτε]]) <b class="b3"> μή... εἴτε… εἴτε μή</b>... <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>468</span>, <span class="bibl">612</span>, <span class="bibl">And.1.7</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>18a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>457d</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.1.7</span>; <b class="b3">εἴτε… εἴτε μή... εἰ… ἢ οὔ, εἰ… ἢ μή</b> without difference of meaning between [[μή]] and [[οὐ]], <span class="bibl">Is.8.9</span>; so also, τοὺς νόμους καταμανθάνειν εἰ καλῶς κεῖνται ἢ μή,… τοὺς λόγους, εἰ ὀρθῶς διδάσκουσι τὸ πρᾶγμα ἢ οὔ <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.14</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">D</span> POSITION of [[μή]]. When the neg. extends its power over the whole clause, [[μή]] prop. precedes the Verb. When its force is limited to single words, it precedes those words. But Poets sometimes put [[μή]] after the Verb, ὄλοιο μή πω <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>961</span>; <b class="b3">φράσῃς… μὴ πέρα</b> ib.<span class="bibl">332</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OC</span>1522</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[μή]] is sometimes repeated, μή, μή καλέσῃς <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1418</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Aj.</span>190</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OC</span>210</span> (both lyr.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">E</span> PROSODY: in Trag. [[μή]] may be joined by synizesis with a following ει or ου<b class="b3">, μὴ οὐ, μὴ εἰδέναι</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>13</span>,<span class="bibl">221</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tr.</span>321</span>, etc.: initial ε after [[μή]] is cut off by aphaeresis, μὴ 'πὁθουν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span>962</span>; μὴ 'μβαίνῃς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>400</span>; μὴ 'γώ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>910</span>: in Prose, μὴ 'κ <span class="title">IG</span>12.115.11: [[μή]] followed by α is sometimes written [[μἀ]]… (v. <b class="b3">μὴ ἀλλά</b>, etc.); sometimes separately, μὴ ἀδικεῖν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>85</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">F</span> [[μή]] in COMPOSITION, or joined with other Particles, as <b class="b3">μὴ ἀλλά, μὴ γάρ, μὴ οὐ, μὴ ὅπως</b> or <b class="b3">ὅτι, μή ποτε</b>, etc., will be found in alphabetical order.</span>