θύω: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=1.<br />Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[rush in]], [[sethe]], [[storm]], [[rage]] (Il.)<br />Other forms: also [[θυίω]] (Hom., h. Merc. 560; cf. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 51 and 372), [[θύνω]] (Il.), ipf. also <b class="b3">ε᾽θύνεον</b> (Hes.), aor. [[ἔθυσα]] (Call. Fr. 82),<br />Compounds: rarely with prefix, <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπερ-</b>,<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">θυ(ι)άς</b>, <b class="b3">-άδος</b> f. "the storming one", [[thyiade]], [[Bacchante]] (A., Tim.), also [[θυῖα]] f. (Str. 10, 3, 10 [and S. Ant. 1151, lyr.?]; cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 95); [[Θυῖα]] n. name of a Dionysos-feast in Elis (Paus. 6, 26, 1), [[Θυιος]] name of a Thessal. and Boeotian month (inscr.); [[Θυώνη]] surn. of Semele (h. Hom., Sapph., Pi.); also <b class="b3">θύστα θυῖα</b> and <b class="b3">θυστάδες νύμφαι τινές</b>, <b class="b3">αἱ ἔνθεοι</b>, <b class="b3">καὶ Βάκχαι</b> H.; [[Θυστήριος]] surn. of Bakchos (EM); <b class="b3">θῦνος πόλεμος</b>, [[ὁρμή]], [[δρόμος]] H. (from [[θύνω]]; not = Skt. ptc. [[dhūna-]]); [[θῦσις]] (Pl. Kra. 419e as explanation of [[θυμός]]). Deverbat.: [[θυάω]] [[be rutty]], [[of swines]] (Arist.; after [[βακχάω]], [[μαργάω]] a. o.; s. Schwyzer 726 n. 2). Unclear <b class="b3">θυωθείς μανείς</b>, [[ὁρμήσας]] H. - On [[θύελλα]] and [[θύσθλα]] s. v. Here also [[θυάκται]] m. pl. (Troizen IIa), if = [[mystae sive thiasotae]]; cf Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 174; DELG refers this to <b class="b3">θύω 2.</b><br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: [[θύνω]] has been analysed as <b class="b3">*θύ-νϜ-ω</b> (with [[ἐθύνεον]] < <b class="b3">*ἐ-θύ-νεϜ-ον</b>), an old <b class="b3">νυ-</b>present and identified with Skt. <b class="b2">dhū-nó-ti</b> [[schütteln]] (Schwyzer 696 a. n. 2). But I don't see what <b class="b2">schütteln</b> has to do with our verb. - For [[θυστάδες]], [[θύσθλα]] one posited a stem <b class="b3">θυσ-</b>, which has also been posited for [[θυίω]], if from <b class="b3">*θύσ-ι̯ω</b> (Schulze Q. 313 n. 5, Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 37; diff. J. Schmidt KZ 27, 294f.; s. also Schwyzer 686 ε). It is however not certain that this supposed <b class="b3">*θυσ-</b> has anything to do with our verb. This <b class="b3">*θυσ-</b> has been connected with Lat. [[fur-ō]], [[-ere]], s. W.-Hofmann s. v., where also other interpretations are given; we can therefore better leave [[furo]] on itself. See also 2. [[θύω]]. - The hesitation between [[θύω]] 1 and [[θύω]] 2 shows how uncertain the interpretation is. I wonder whether <b class="b3">*θυσ-</b> is not of foreign origin. Note rare forms or meanings as [[θύστα]], [[θυτάδες]], [[θυάω]]. Pok. 261ff. gives anenormous amount of forms and meanings, but no close parallel for the meaning of [[θύω]] 1. In the present situation, without further research, nothing can be said.<br />2.<br />Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[offer by burning]], [[sacrifice]], [[slaughter]] (Il.); in LSJ <b class="b3">θύω Α</b>.<br />Other forms: fut. [[θύσω]], aor. [[θῦσαι]] (Il.), [[τυθῆναι]] (Hdt.), perf. [[τέθυκα]], [[τέθυμαι]] (Att.),<br />Compounds: often with prefix, e. g. <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b>,<br />Derivatives: Derivations partly show the older meaning [[smoke]], [[incense]] (s. below): 1. [[θῦμα]] [[offer]] (IA etc.); 2. <b class="b3">ἔκ-</b>, <b class="b3">πρό-θυσις</b> from <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-θύω</b> (late); 3. [[θυσία]] s. below on [[θύτης]]; 4. [[θύος]] n. with [[θυέστης]] a. o. [[incense]], s. v.; 5. [[θύον]] [[life-tree]], s. v.; 6. [[θυητά]] n. pl. [[incense]] (Aret.; on the formation cf. [[θυηλη]] s.v.); 7. <b class="b3">θυ(ε)ία</b> f. [[strong smelling ceder]], [[thuya]] with [[θυῖον]] n. [[resin]] (Thphr.); formation unclear; to [[θύος]] (s. v.)? 8. [[θύτης]] m. [[offerer]] (hell.; <b class="b3">ἐκ-θύτης</b> from <b class="b3">ἐκ-θύω</b> E.); [[θύτας]] (Thess.), with [[θυτεῖον]] [[offerplace]] (Aeschin.), [[θυτικός]] [[belonging to an offer]] (hell., directly from [[θύω]]), [[θυσία]] [[offer]], [[offerfeast]] (h. Cer.; cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 224, Porzig Satzinhalte 200); from there [[θυσιάζω]] [[offer]] with [[θυσίασμα]], <b class="b3">-αστήριος</b>, <b class="b3">-ον</b>; 9. [[θυτήρ]] m. <b class="b2">id.</b> (trag.) with [[θυτήριον]] [[sacrificial animal]] (E.), also [[altar]], name of the constellation [[Ara]] (Arat.; Scherer Gestirnnamen 192); 10. <b class="b3">θύστας ὁ ἱερεὺς παρὰ Κρησί</b> H., f. [[θυστάς]], <b class="b3">-άδος</b> [[belonging to the sacrifice]] (A., S.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 182; 2, 37, E. Kretschmer Glotta 18, 85); 11. [[θύστρα]] n. = [[θύματα]] (Kos); 12. [[θυ]]<[[σ]]><b class="b3">τηρίοις θυμιατηρίοις</b> H.; 13. [[θυσμικός]] [[regarding the sacrifice]] ([[ἔτος]]; Paros, Tenos); the <b class="b3">-σ-</b> in the last words hardly with Schulze Q. 320 n. 1 and Fraenkel l. c. from the <b class="b3">σ-</b>stem in [[θύος]], but rather with Solmsen KZ 29, 114 analogical [to what?] (cf. [[μύστης]] a. o.). - With <b class="b3">λ-</b>, resp. <b class="b3">μ-</b>suffix in [[θυηλη]], [[θυμός]], [[θύμον]], [not in [[θυμάλωψ]]], s. vv.; with <b class="b3">μελ-</b>suffix (Frisk Eranos 41, 51) [[θυμέλη]] [[hearth]], [[altar]] (trag.; not with Aly Glotta 5, 60ff. prop. "practice-ground" from 1. [[θύω]] [[storm]]) with [[θυμελικός]].<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: The regular stemformation of [[θύω]] will be the resultof inner-Greek adjustment. The original paradigma can no longer be reconstructed. As the nearest parallel is given Lat. [[suf-fiō]], [[-īre]] [[incense]], explained from <b class="b2">*-dhu̯-ii̯ō</b>, which is of course very far away. - It is often supposed that 1. [[θύω]] and 2. [[θύω]] were originally identical, but this is far from clear; one assumes a development like <b class="b2">stieben, stäuben, wirbeln, stürmen, rauchen</b> v. t., but this can well be wrong . The different languages show a mass of formations and meanings which can no longer be interpreted, see Pok. 261-267, (268-271). - S. further [[τύφω]]. [[θάνατος]], [[θολός]], [[ἀθύρω]] have nothing to do with our verb.- P. Pagot, RPh LXXV (2001) 144 connects Hitt. [[tuhhae]] [[pant]], [[sigh]] from <b class="b2">*dʰ(e)uh₂-</b>, which is however very far as regards the meaning.