καρκίνος: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m. (Epich., IA.)<br />Meaning: [[crab]] (on the meaning Thompson Fishes s. v.), metaph.. <b class="b2">ulcer, pair of pincers, kind of shoe etc.</b>, also name of a constellation (Scherer Gestirnnamen 167f.). -<br />Derivatives: Diminut. [[καρκίνιον]] (Arist., Hp.), also [[kind of slipper]] (Herod.), [[καρκινάς]], <b class="b3">-άδος</b> f. (Gal., Ael.); [[καρκινίας]] m. name of a precious stone (Plin.; after the colour; as [[καπνίας]] a. o.; Chantraine Formation 94); [[καρκινευτής]] [[crab-catcher]] (Artem. 2, 14; after [[ἁλιευτής]], [[ὀρνιθευτής]] a. o.); [[καρκινώδης]] [[crab-like]] (Arist., medic.). Denomin. verb [[καρκινόω]] [[bend]], [[crook one's fingers]] (Antiph., Thphr.; cf. Strömberg Theophrastea 65), <b class="b3">-όομαι</b> [[become cancerous]], [[suffer from cancer]] (Hp.) with [[καρκίνωμα]] [[cancer]] (medic.), [[καρκίνωσις]] [[formation of dangerous growth]] (Aët.); [[καρκίνωθρον]] (codd. <b class="b3">-αθρον</b>, <b class="b3">-ηθρον</b>) plant name, [[Polygonum aviculare]] (Dsc. 4, 4; after Strömberg Pflanzennamen 147 prop. "Krebsmittel" [?]; rather of the crab-like spreading roots).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: Clearly connected with Lat. [[cancer]] [[crab]], Skt. [[karkaṭa-]] <b class="b2">id.</b>; the morphological details however are not all clear. As in Lat. [[cancer]] from <b class="b2">*car-cro-s</b> [[καρκίνος]] may also have had a dissimilation of [[r-]]sounds with addition of the <b class="b3">ινο-</b>suffix (cf. Schwyzer 490); on the formation of Skt. [[karkaṭa-]] Wackernagel-Debrunner 2: 2, 157 (etymological doubts in Mayrhofer KEWA s. v.). - From [[καρκίνος]] as LW [loanword]. Skt. <b class="b2">karki(n</b>)- [[the crab in the zodiac]] (with [[karka-]] [[crab]] [lex.] as backformation?). - Connection with the adjective for [[hard]] (s. [[κάρκαρος]], [[κράτος]]) seems quite possible. Cf. W.-Hofmann s. [[cancer]] . - The Sanskrit word is probably not cognate (Mayrhofer, EWAia 64, Fur. 129). Fur. connects <b class="b3">κάρχαι καρκίνοι</b>, καὶ <[[κ]]> [[όχλοι]]. [[Σικελοί]] H. [not mentioned in Frisk, DELG], which is evident. This poves Pre-Greek origin. Fur. doubts the correctnes of Lat. [[cancer]] < <b class="b2">*karkro-</b>, which cannot be proven. Fur. prefers to connct [[γάγγραινα]], [[γάγγλιον]]. <b class="b3">-ινο-</b> can be a Pre-Greek suffix (Fur. 129 n. 54; Beekes, Pre-Greek, Suffixes; Fur. also comments on the accentuation). He also adduces (130) the PN [[Κερκίνος]] and the river name [[Κερκινεύς]] (Thessaly) with <b class="b3">*κερκιν-</b>.