σκέπτομαι: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[to look around]], [[to look back]], [[to spy]], [[to contemplate]], [[to consider]], [[to survey]] (Il; Att. has fo it [[σκοπέω]], <b class="b3">-έομαι</b>; s. below)<br />Other forms: Aor. [[σκέψασθαι]] (Od.), fut. [[σκέψομαι]], perf. [[ἔσκεμμαι]] (IA.), aor. pass. [[σκεφθῆναι]] (Hp.), <b class="b3">σκεπ-ῆναι</b> w. fut. <b class="b3">-ήσομαι</b> (LXX).<br />Compounds: Often w. <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-</b> a. o.<br />Derivatives: A. With <b class="b3">ε-</b>vowel: 1. [[σκέψις]] (<b class="b3">ἐπί-</b>, <b class="b3">κατά-</b> σκέπτομαι a.o.) [[contemplation]], [[deliberation]], [[examination]] (IA.). 2. <b class="b3">σκέμ-μα</b> (rarely w. <b class="b3">δια-</b> a. o.) [[examination]], [[problem]] (Hp., Pl. a. o.). 3. <b class="b3">σκεπτ-οσύνη</b> f. = [[σκέψις]] (Timo, Cerc.). 4. <b class="b3">-ήριον</b> n. [[test]] (Man.). 5. <b class="b3">-ικός</b> (<b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-</b> σκέπτομαι) [[cogitating]], [[revising]], οἱ σκέπτομαι name of a philos. sect (hell. a. late). B. With <b class="b3">ο-</b>ablaut: 1. [[σκοπός]] m. (f.) <b class="b2">spy, guard, scout; goal, purpose</b> (Il.) with hypostases: <b class="b3">ἐπί-σκοπος</b>, adv. <b class="b3">-α</b> [[hitting the goal]] (Hdt., trag., late), <b class="b3">ἀπό-σκοπος</b> [[missing the goal]] (Emp.); <b class="b3">σκόπ-ιμος</b> [[purposive]], [[appropriate]] (late; Arbenz 97); as 2. member, e.g. <b class="b3">οἰωνο-σκόπος</b> m. [[bird-watcher]] with <b class="b3">-έω</b>, <b class="b3">-ία</b>, <b class="b3">-ικός</b>, <b class="b3">-εῖον</b> (E., hell. a. late). 2. To the prefixcompp.: <b class="b3">ἐπί-</b>, <b class="b3">κατά-</b>, <b class="b3">πρό-σκοπος</b> m. <b class="b2">spy, supervisor, foresighted etc.</b> (Hom., Pi., IA.). 3. [[σκοπή]] (<b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b> a. o.) f., the spying, watch-tower' (Att. etc.) with [[σκοπάω]] (Ar. Fr. 854). 4. [[σκοπιά]], Ion. <b class="b3">-ιή</b> f. [[mountain-]], [[castle-watching-place]], [[mountain-summit]], [[watch-tower]] (ep. Ion. poet. Il., also hell. a. late prose; favoured by the metre, Scheller Oxytonierung 82 f.) with <b class="b3">σκοπ-ιήτης</b> m. [[summit dweller]] = [[Πάν]] (Paus.), <b class="b3">-ιάζω</b> (<b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>) [[to spy]], [[to look out]] (ep. Il.), <b class="b3">-ιάομαι</b> [[to percieve]] (Il.; only w. <b class="b3">δια-</b>). 5. [[σκοπέω]], <b class="b3">-έομαι</b> iterat.-intensive to [[σκέπτομαι]] (Pi., IA.), non-pres. forms late: <b class="b3">σκοπ-ῆσαι</b>, <b class="b3">-ήσασθαι</b>, <b class="b3">-ήσω</b>, <b class="b3">-ήσομαι</b>, [[ἐσκόπημαι]]. 6. [[σκοπεύω]] (<b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>), prob. second. for [[σκοπέω]] (Schwyzer 732; X., LXX, pap. etc.) with <b class="b3">σκόπ-ευσις</b>, <b class="b3">-ευτής</b> (Aq.), <b class="b3">-εῖα</b> n. pl. (Procl.). -- S. also [[σκόπελος]] and [[σκώψ]].<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [984] <b class="b2">*speḱ-</b> [[see sharply]], [[spy]]<br />Etymology: As old yot-present [[σκέπτομαι]] stands with metathesis (Schwyzer 268) for <b class="b3">*σπέκ-ι̯ομαι</b>, which is identical with Lat. [[speciō]], Av. [[spasyeiti]] and (except for anl. [[s-]]) with Skt. <b class="b2">páśyati</b> [[see]]. The aor. [[σκέψασθαι]] too can in the same way be identified with Lat. [[spexī]]; in both cases we have however to do with innovations against the suppletive Skt. <b class="b2">ádarśam</b>, 3. pl. <b class="b2">ádr̥śan</b> (s. [[δέρκομαι]]). Through the iterative-intensive [[σκοπέω]], <b class="b3">-έομαι</b> a new opposition was created in Greek to [[σκέψασθαι]] etc. in the same way as Skt. <b class="b2">pásyati</b>: <b class="b2">ádarśam</b>, [[ὁράω]]: [[εἶδον]]. -- Semant. and phonetic identity is also found in [[σκοπός]] and Skt. <b class="b2">spaśa-</b> [[spy]], which is enlarged from <b class="b2">spaś-</b> (s. below; Wackernagel-Debrunner II: 2, 90); to this further OWNo. [[spār]] [[predicting]] from PGm. <b class="b2">*spaha-</b> (IE <b class="b2">*spóḱo-</b>). Thus [[σκοπή]] agrees, but for the accent, with OWNo. [[spā]] f. [[prophesy]] from PGm. <b class="b2">*spahō</b> (IE <b class="b2">*spóḱa</b>). Greek does not have the old root noun Skt. <b class="b2">spaś-</b>, Av. [[spas-]] [[spy]], Lat. [[haru-spex]] a. o., from which [[σκέπτομαι]] etc. prob. arose as denominative. -- Further details w. lit. in WP. 2, 659f., Pok. 984, W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. [[speciō]]. NGr. forms in Caratzas Glotta 33, 322 ff.