μάρτυς: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m. f.<br />Meaning: [[witness]] (Il.; on the spread etc. E. Kretschmer Glotta 18, 92 f., on the use in Homer Nenci Par. del Pass. 13, 221ff.) <b class="b2">martyr, (blood-witness)</b> (christ. lit.; s. Bauer Gr.-dt. Wb. s.v.).<br />Other forms: Aeol. (Hdn. Gr.) a. Dor. [[μάρτυρ]], Cret. Epid. [[μαῖτυς]] (<b class="b3">-ρς</b>), <b class="b3">-ρος</b>, acc. also [[μάρτυν]] (Simon.), dat. pl. [[μάρτυσι]] (<b class="b3">-ρσι</b> Hippon.?); ep., also NWGr. [[μάρτυρος]].<br />Compounds: Compp., e.g. <b class="b3">μαρτυρο-ποιέομαι</b> [[call as witness]] (inscr., pap.), <b class="b3">ψευδό-μαρτυς</b> [[false witness]] (Pl.; Risch IF 59, 257 f.), <b class="b3">ἐπί-μαρτυς</b> [[witness]] (Ar., Call., A. R.), prob. backformation from <b class="b3">ἐπι-μαρτύρομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-ρέω</b>; on supposed [[ἐπιμάρτυρος]] (for <b class="b3">ἔπι μάρτυρος</b>) see Leumann Hom. Wörter 71.<br />Derivatives: [[μαρτυρία]] (λ 325; cf. below on [[μαρτυρέω]]), [[μαρτύριον]] (IA) [[testimony]], [[evidence]]. Denominatives: 1. [[μαρτύρομαι]], also wiht prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, [[call as witness]] (IA); 2. [[μαρτυρέω]], often w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀντι-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b>, [[testify]], [[bear witness]] (Alc., Pi., IA) with [[μαρτύρημα]] (E.), (<b class="b3">ἀντι-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-)-μαρτύρησις</b> (Epicur., pap.) [[testimony]], also (<b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">συμ-</b>) [[μαρτυρία]] <b class="b2">id.</b> (cf. above and Scheller Oxytonierung 34f. w. n. 4).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: The basis may be a verbal noun <b class="b3">*μάρ-τυ-</b> [[testimony]], seen in <b class="b3">μάρ-τυς</b>, <b class="b3">-τυν</b>, <b class="b3">-τυσι</b>; cf. below. The change from abstract [[testimony]] to appellative [[witness]] is attested more often, e.g. Fr. [[témoin]] < Lat. [[testimonium]], Engl. [[witness]] orig. [[testimony]], then [[witness]]. The suffix <b class="b3">ρο-</b> gave the personal, prob. orig. adjectival <b class="b3">μάρτυ-ρος</b>. A compromise with [[μάρτυς]] gave perhaps the consonantstem <b class="b3">μάρτυρ-</b>; note esp. the gen. pl. [[μαρτύρων]] (<b class="b3">ἐναντίον μαρτύρων</b> etc.), which can be both from the [[o-]]stem and from the consonantstem; further see Egli Heteroklisie 117ff. Dissimilation occurred in <b class="b3">μαῖτυ(ρ)ς</b> (< <b class="b3">*μάρτυρ-ς</b>); [[μάρτυσι]] and [[μάρτυς]] can be explained in the same way (Schwyzer 260); cf. above. - As zero grade <b class="b3">τυ-</b>derivation [[μάρτυς]] may belong to a verb for [[remember]], which may be found in Skt. [[smárati]] and which may have other derivatives in Greek, e.g. [[μέριμνα]] (s. v.); proper meaning *'remembrance'. -- Not with Thieme Studien 55 (with criticism of the traditional interpretation): from <b class="b2">*mr̥t-tur</b> prop. [[seizing death]] (?), cf. Leumann Gnomon 25, 191. - But this cannot explain the vocalism, so rather a loand from Pre-Greek (Fur. 296). The speculations above, which start from an IE origin, must be rejected.