ξένος: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[foreigner]], [[guest]], [[guestfriend]], [[host]] (Il.), [[mercenary]], [[soldier]] (ξ 102, Att.); [[ξένη]] (scil. [[γυνή]], [[γῆ]]) f. [[the foreign]], [[foreign country]] (trag., X.); adj. [[foreign]] (posthom.).<br />Other forms: ep. Ion. poet. [[ξεῖνος]], Dor. [[ξένϜος]] (in Cor. [[ΞενϜοκλῆς]], Corc. El. [[ΞενϜάρης]]), [[ξῆνος]] (Cyr. [[Φιλόξηνος]]), (hyper)Aeol. [[ξέννος]] (Hdn.; vgl. Schwyzer 228), (?),<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. [[kesenuwo]] /[[ksenwos]]/<br />Compounds: Many compp., e.g. <b class="b3">ξενο-</b>, <b class="b3">ξεινο-δόκος</b> m. [[receiving foreigners]], [[guests]], [[host]] (Il.), <b class="b3">φιλό-ξε(ι)νος</b> [[loving guests]], [[hospitable]] (Od.; on the verbal function of the 1. element Schwyzer 442), [[πρόξενος]], Corc. [[πρόξενϜος]] m. [[deputy guest]], [[state guest]] (posthom.; Risch IF 59, 38 f.); on [[Εὔξεινος]] ([[πόντος]]) s. v.<br />Derivatives: A. Adj. 1. [[ξένιος]], [[ξείνιος]] [[regarding the foreigner]], <b class="b3">τὰ ξε(ί)νια</b> [[gust-gifts]] (Il.; Myc. [[kesenuwija]]); 2. younger <b class="b3">ξε(ι)νικός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (IA.; Chantraine Études, s. Index); 3. [[ξεινήϊος]] in <b class="b3">τὰ ξεινήϊα</b> (<b class="b3">τὸ ξ-ον</b>) = <b class="b3">τὰ ξείνια</b> (Hom.), after [[πρεσβήϊα]] (Risch ̨ 46); 4. [[ξενόεις]] [[full of foreigners]] (E. in lyr.). B. Subst. 1. <b class="b3">ξε(ι)νίη</b>, <b class="b3">-ία</b> f. [[guest-friendship]], [[guest-right]] (since [[ω]]); 2. [[ξεινοσύνη]] f. [[hospitality]] (φ 35; Porzig Satzinhalte 226, Wyss <b class="b3">-συνη</b> 26); 3. [[ξενών]], <b class="b3">-ῶνος</b> m. [[guest-room]], [[-house]] (E., Pl.; cf. H.Bolkestein [[Ξενών]] [MAWNeth. 84 B: 3] 1937); <b class="b3">ξενῶνες οἱ ἀνδρῶνες ὑπὸ Φρυγῶν</b> H.; after Pisani AnFilCl 6, 211ff. to the family of [[χθών]](?); 4. [[ξενίς]], <b class="b3">-ίδος</b> f. [[road leading into foreign countries]] (Delph. IIa); 5. [[ξενίδιον]] n. [[small guesthous]] (pap. IIIp); 6. <b class="b3">ξεν-ύδριον</b> (Men.), <b class="b3">-ύλλιον</b> (Plu.) depreciatory dimin. of [[ξένος]] (Chantraine Form. 73 f.). C. Verbs. 1. <b class="b3">ξε(ι)νίζω</b> [[receive guestly]], [[hospitalize]] (Il.), also [[wonder]] (hell.) with [[ξένισις]] f. [[hospitality]] (Th.), [[ξενισμός]] m. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Pl., inscr., Luc.), also [[wonder]], [[innovation]] (Plb., D. S., Dsc.); [[ξενιστής]] m. [[host]] (sch.). 2. <b class="b3">ξε(ι)νόομαι</b> <b class="b2">accept s.body as a guest</b> (Pi., IA.), also <b class="b2">live in foreign country, go in ..</b> (S., E.), <b class="b3">-όω</b> [[embessle]] (Hld.); [[ξένωσις]] f. [[residence abroad]] (E. HF 965; cf. v. Wilamowitz ad loc.). 3. [[ξενιτεύομαι]] [[serve as soldier abroad]] (Isoc., Antiph.), <b class="b3">-ω</b> [[live abroad]] (Timae. Hist., J.); after [[πολιτεύομαι]], <b class="b3">-ω</b>: [[πολίτης]]: [[πόλις]] (Georgacas Glotta 36, 173); <b class="b3">ξενιτ-εία</b> f. [[mercenary]], [[live abroad]] (Democr., LXX), <b class="b3">-ευτής</b> m. [[who lives abroad]] (VIp).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]<br />Etymology: Isolated. The semantic agreement with the old word for [[foreigner]], [[guest]] in Lat. [[hostis]] m. [[foreigner]], [[enemy]], Germ., e.g. Goth. [[gasts]] [[guest]], OCS [[gostь]] <b class="b2">id.</b>, IE <b class="b2">*ghosti-s</b>, led to attempts, to connect them also formally, which is possible omly with a mechanic and arbitrary analysis: <b class="b3">*ξ-εν-Ϝος</b> to a sero grade and nasalized present <b class="b2">*ghs-en-u̯ō</b> (Brugmann IF 1, 172ff.; s also Schwyzer 329 and Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73: 2, 30). Other explanations, also to be rejected, in Bq, WP. 1, 640f., W.-Hofmann s. [[hostis]]. -- Jokl (IF 37, 93, after Pedersen) wants to find a lengthened grade <b class="b2">*ghsēn-</b> in Alb. [[huai]] [[foreign]]. Very uncertein Newphryg. voc. [[ξευνε]]; on it with a Illyrian hypothesis v. Blumenthal Glotta 20, 288. Is it Pre-Greek?