στρέφω: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=-ομαι<br />Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[to twist]], [[to turn]], intr. a. midd. [[to twist]], [[turn]], [[to run]] (Il.).<br />Other forms: Dor. [[στράφω]]? (Nisyros IIIa; quite doubtful), Aeol. [[στρόφω]] (EM), aor. [[στρέψαι]], <b class="b3">-ασθαι</b> (Il.), Dor. <b class="b3">ἀπο-στράψαι</b> (Delph.), pass. [[στρεφθῆναι]] (Hom. [intr.], rarely Att.), Dor. [[στραφθῆναι]] (Sophr., Theoc.), [[στραφῆναι]] (Hdt., Sol., Att.), <b class="b3">ἀν-εστρέφησαν</b> (young Lac. a.o., Thumb. Scherer 2, 42), fut. [[στρέψω]] (E. etc.), perf. midd. [[ἔστραμμαι]] (h. Merc.), hell. also [[ἐστρεμμένος]] (Mayser Pap.I: 2, 196), act. [[ἔστροφα]] (hell.), also [[ἔστραφα]] (Plb.).<br />Compounds: Very often w. prefix in diff. meanings, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, [[ἐπι]], <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">μετα-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπο-</b>.<br />Derivatives: A. With <b class="b3">ε-</b>vowel: 1. <b class="b3">στρεπ-τός</b> [[twisted]], [[flexible]] (Il.), m. <b class="b2">necklace, curl etc.</b> (IA.) with <b class="b3">-άριον</b> (Paul Aeg.). 2. <b class="b3">-τικός</b> (<b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">μετα-</b> a.o.) [[serving to twist]] (Pl. a.o.). 3. <b class="b3">-τήρ</b> m. [[door-hinge]] (AP). 4. [[στρέμμα]] (<b class="b3">περι-</b>, <b class="b3">διά-</b> a.o) n. [[twist]], [[strain]] (D., medic. a.o.), <b class="b3">σύ-</b> στρέφω [[ball]], [[swelling]], [[round drop, heap, congregation etc.]] (Hp., Arist., hell. a. late). 5. <b class="b3">στρέψ-ις</b> (<b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>) f. [[the turning]], [[turn]] (Hp., Arist.) with <b class="b3">-αῖος</b>, PN <b class="b3">-ιάδης</b>. 6. <b class="b3">στρεπτ-ίνδα</b>. adv. kind of play (Poll.). 7. <b class="b3">ἐπιστρεφ-ής</b> <b class="b2">turning to (something), attentive</b> (IA.) witf <b class="b3">-εια</b> f. (pap. IIIp). -- B. With [[o-]]ablaut: 1. [[στρόφος]] m. [[band]], [[cord]], [[cable]] (Od.), [[gripes]] (Ar., medic.); as 2. member e.g. [[εὔ]] (<b class="b3">ἐΰ-)στροφος</b> = στρέφω <b class="b3">-στρεφής</b> [[well-twisted]], [[easy to twist]], [[to bend]], (Ν599 = 711, E., Pl. etc.) with <b class="b3">-φία</b> f. [[flexibility]] (hell. a. late); from the prefixcompp. e.g. <b class="b3">ἀντίστροφ-ος</b> [[turned face to face]], [[according]] (Att. etc.: <b class="b3">ἀντι-στρέφω</b>). From it <b class="b3">στρόφ-ιον</b> n. [[breast-]], [[head-band]] (com., inscr. a.o.), <b class="b3">-ίς</b> (<b class="b3">περι-</b> a. o.) f. <b class="b2">id.</b> (E. a.o.), <b class="b3">-ίολος</b> m. [[edge]], [[border]] (Hero), <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> [[causing gripes]] (Hp. a.o.), <b class="b3">-ωτός</b> [[provided with pivots]] (LXX), <b class="b3">-ωμα</b> n. [[pivot]], [[door-hinge]] with <b class="b3">-ωμάτιον</b> (hell.), <b class="b3">-ωτήρ</b> m. [[oar]] (gloss.), <b class="b3">-όομαι</b> [[to have gripes]] (medic. a.o.), [[ἐκστροφῶσαι]] H. s. <b class="b3">ἐξαγκυρῶσαι την θύραν</b>, <b class="b3">-έω</b> [[to cause gripes]] (Ar.); as 2. member e.g. in <b class="b3">οἰακοστροφ-έω</b> [[to turn the rudder]] (A.) from <b class="b3">οἰακο-στρόφος</b> (Pi., A. a..). 2. [[στροφή]] (<b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b> etc.) f. <b class="b2">the twisting, turning around etc.</b> (IA.) with <b class="b3">-αῖος</b> surn. of Hermes (Ar. Pl. 1153; as door-waiter cf. <b class="b3">στρο-φεύς</b>] referring to his dexterity [cf. [[στρόφις]]). From [[στροφή]] or [[στρόφος]]: 3. <b class="b3">στρόφ-ις</b> m. [[clever person]], [[sly guy]] (Ar., Poll.). 4. <b class="b3">-άς</b> f. [[turning]] (S. in lyr., Arat. a.o.), <b class="b3">-άδες νῆσοι</b> (Str. a.o.). 5. <b class="b3">-εῖον</b> m. <b class="b2">winch, cable etc.</b> (hell. a. late). 6. <b class="b3">-εύς</b> m. [[door-hinge]], [[cervical vertebra]] (Ar., Thphr. a.o.; Bosshardt 47). 7. <b class="b3">-ιγξ</b> m. (f.) [[pivot]], [[door-hinge]] (E., com. etc.). 8. <b class="b3">-στροφάδην</b> (only with <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">περι-</b> a.o.) [[to turn around]] (ep. Ion.). 9. With <b class="b3">λ-</b>enlargement: <b class="b3">στρόφ-αλος</b> m. [[top]] (V--VIp); <b class="b3">-άλιγξ</b> f. <b class="b2">vertebra, curve etc.</b> (ep. Il.), <b class="b3">-αλίζω</b> [[to turn]], [[to spin]] ([[o]] 315, AP). -- C. With lengthened grade: iter. intens. <b class="b3">στρωφ-άω</b>, <b class="b3">-άομαι</b> (<b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">μετα-</b> a.o.) [[to turn to and fro]], [[to linger]] (ep. Ion. poet. Il.), <b class="b3">-έομαι</b> [[to turn]] (Aret.). -- D. With zero grade: <b class="b3">ἐπιστραφ-ής</b> = <b class="b3">ἐπιστρεφ-ής</b> (s. ab.; late). PN <b class="b3">Στραψι-μένης</b> (Dor.). -- E. As 1. member a.o. in <b class="b3">στρεφε-δίνηθεν</b> aor. pass. 3. pl. [[they turned around]], [[swindled]] (H 792; after it in act. Q. S. 13, 7), prob. combination of [[στρέφομαι]] and [[δινέομαι]] (Schwyzer 645 w. n. 1 a. lit.); for it with nominal 1. member <b class="b3">στροφο-δινοῦνται</b> (A. Ag. 51 [anap.]); <b class="b3">στρεψο-δικέω</b> [[to twist the right]] (Ar.) beside <b class="b3">στρεψί-μαλλος</b> [[twisting the wool-flakes]] = [[with frizzly wool]] (Ar.); cf. Schwyzer 442.<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: The above strongly productive group of words can because of its regular system and extension not be very old. On the other hand there is nothing in it, that could point to loans. So an inherited word of recent date with unknown prehistory and without helpful non-Greek agreements (quite doubtful Lat. [Umbr.] [[strebula]] pl. n. [[the meat on the haunches of sacricial animals]]; on this W.-Hofmann s. v.). A (popular) byform with β is maintained in [[στρεβλός]] (s. v.), [[στρόβιλος]], [[στραβός]] [this is improbable to me] -- Through [[στρέφω]] a. cogn. older words for <b class="b2">turn etc.</b>, e.g. [[εἰλέω]], [[εἰλύω]] and <b class="b3">σπερ-</b> in [[σπεῖρα]], [[σπάρτον]] etc. were partly pushed aside or replaced.