πατήρ: Difference between revisions

|txtha=(from the [[root]], pa; [[literally]], nourisher, [[protector]], [[upholder]]; ([[Curtius]], § 348)), πατρός, πατρί, πατέρα, vocative πάτερ (for [[which]] the nominative ὁ [[πατήρ]] is [[five]] times used, and (anarthrous) [[πατήρ]] in T Tr WH, 24,25 L T Tr WH; cf. B. § 129,5; Winer's Grammar, § 29,2; WH's Appendix, p. 158), plural πατέρες, πατέρων, πατρασι (πατέρας, ὁ (from Homer down), the Sept. for אָב, a [[father]];<br /><b class="num">1.</b> [[properly]], equivalent to generator or [[male]] [[ancestor]], and [[either]] a. the nearest [[ancestor]]: οἱ πατέρες τῆς σαρκός, [[fathers]] of the [[corporeal]] [[nature]], [[natural]] [[fathers]] (opposed to ὁ [[πατήρ]] τῶν πνευμάτων), parents, the [[founder]] of a [[race]] or [[tribe]], [[progenitor]] of a [[people]], [[forefather]]: so Abraham is called, [[fathers]] i. e. [[ancestor]]'s, forefathers, Homer down; so [[too]] אָבות, the founders of a [[race]], [[one]] advanced in years, a [[senior]]: [[πατήρ]] περιτομῆς, [[πατήρ]] πάντων τῶν πιστευόντων, ἐκ πατρός τίνος [[εἶναι]] is used of [[one]] [[who]] shows [[himself]] as [[like]] [[another]] in [[spirit]] and [[purpose]] as [[though]] he had [[inherited]] his [[nature]] from him, [[Sophocles]], Lexicon, [[under]] the [[word]]), applied to α. teachers, as those to whom pupils [[trace]] [[back]] the [[knowledge]] and [[training]] [[they]] [[have]] [[received]]: β. the members of the Sanhedrin, whose [[prerogative]] it [[was]], by [[virtue]] of the [[wisdom]] and [[experience]] in [[which]] [[they]] excelled, to [[take]] [[charge]] of the interests of others: God is called the Father, a. τῶν [[φώτων]] (A. V. of lights i. e.) of the stars, the [[heavenly]] luminaries, [[because]] he is [[their]] [[creator]], [[upholder]], [[ruler]], of [[all]] [[rational]] and [[intelligent]] beings, [[whether]] angels or men, [[because]] he is [[their]] [[creator]], [[preserver]], [[guardian]] and [[protector]]: G L T Tr WH; τῶν πνευμάτων, of [[spiritual]] beings, of [[all]] men ([[πατήρ]] [[τοῦ]] παντός ἀνθρώπων γένους, Josephus, Antiquities 4,8, 24): so in the Synoptic Gospels, [[especially]] Matthew, ὁ [[πατήρ]] ὁ ἐν (τοῖς) οὐρανοῖς, the Father in [[heaven]], R G L; ἐξ οὐρανοῦ; cf. Buttmann, § 151,2{a}; Winer's Grammar, § 66,6); ὁ [[πατήρ]] ὁ οὐρανοῖς, the [[heavenly]] Father, of Christians, as those [[who]] [[through]] Christ [[have]] been [[exalted]] to a [[specially]] [[close]] and [[intimate]] [[relationship]] [[with]] God, and [[who]] no [[longer]] [[dread]] him as the [[stern]] [[judge]] of sinners, [[but]] [[revere]] him as [[their]] reconciled and [[loving]] Father. This [[conception]], [[common]] in the N. T. Epistles, shines [[forth]] [[with]] [[especial]] [[brightness]] in [[γεννάω]], 2d.): [[absolutely]], Θεός καί [[πατήρ]] πάντων, of [[all]] Christians, Winer's Grammar, § 34,3b.; § 132,10), ὁ [[πατήρ]] τῶν [[οἰκτίρμων]], τῆς δόξης, ὁ Θεός καί [[πατήρ]] [[ἡμῶν]], Θεός [[πατήρ]], etc., [[see]] Θεός, 3, p. 288{a}.<br /><b class="num">d.</b> the Father of Jesus Christ, as [[one]] whom God has united to [[himself]] in the closest [[bond]] of [[love]] and [[intimacy]], made acquainted [[with]] his purposes, appointed to [[explain]] and [[carry]] [[out]] [[among]] men the [[plan]] of [[salvation]], and (as appears from the [[teaching]] of John) made to [[share]] [[also]] in his [[own]] [[divine]] [[nature]]; he is so called, α. by Jesus [[himself]]: [[simply]] ὁ [[πατήρ]] (opposed to ὁ [[υἱός]]), ὁ [[πατήρ]] μου, ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς added, ὁ [[οὐράνιος]], ὁ [[ἐπουράνιος]], β. by the apostles:: John, pp. 27-34, and) [[below]] in [[υἱός]] and [[τέκνον]].