δικαιόω: Difference between revisions

|txtha=δικαίῳ; [[future]] δικαιώσω; 1st aorist ἐδικαίωσα; [[passive]] ([[present]] δικαιοῦμαι); [[perfect]] δεδικαίωμαι; 1st aorist ἐδικαιωθην; [[future]] δικαιωθήσομαι; ([[δίκαιος]]); the Sept. for צִדֵּק and הִצְדִּיק;<br /><b class="num">1.</b> [[properly]], (according to the [[analogy]] of [[other]] verbs [[ending]] in, as [[τυφλόω]], [[δουλόω]]) to [[make]] [[δίκαιος]]; to [[render]] [[righteous]] or [[such]] as he [[ought]] to be; (Vulg. justifico); [[but]] [[this]] [[meaning]] is [[extremely]] [[rare]], if [[not]] [[altogether]] [[doubtful]]; ἐδικαίωσα [[τήν]] καρδίαν μου stands for לְבָבִי זִכִּיתִי in I [[have]] shown my [[heart]] to be [[upright]] be preferred as the [[rendering]] of the Greek [[there]]).<br /><b class="num">2.</b> τινα, to [[show]], [[exhibit]], [[evince]], [[one]] to be [[righteous]], [[such]] as he is and wishes [[himself]] to be considered ([[τήν]] ψυχήν [[αὐτοῦ]], δικαιοῦν δίκαιον, ἡ [[σοφία]] ἐδικαιώθη [[ἀπό]] τῶν τέκνων αὐτῆς, the [[wisdom]] taught and exemplified by John the Baptist, and by Jesus, gained from its disciples (i. e. from [[their]] [[life]], [[character]], and deeds) the [[benefit]] of [[being]] shown to be [[righteous]], i. e. true and [[divine]] (cf. Buttmann, 322 (277); others [[interpret]], [[was]] acknowledged to be [[righteous]] on the [[part]] of ([[nearly]], equivalent to, by) her children; cf. Buttmann, 325 (280); [[see]] [[ἀπό]], II:2d. bb.), T Tr [[text]] WH [[read]] ἔργων, i. e. by her works); [[passive]], of Christ: ἐδικαιώθη ἐν πνεύματι, evinced to be [[righteous]] as to his [[spiritual]] ([[divine]] (?) cf. e. g. Ellicott at the [[passage]] or Meyer on [[ὅπως]] δικαιωθῇς ἐν τοῖς λόγοις [[σου]], [[κύριος]] [[μόνος]] δικαιωθήσεται, to [[show]] [[oneself]] [[righteous]]: of men, (τί δικαιωθῶμεν; τινα, to [[declare]], [[pronounce]], [[one]] to be [[just]], [[righteous]], or [[such]] as he [[ought]] to be, (cf. [[ὁμοιόω]] to [[declare]] to be [[like]], [[liken]], i. e. [[compare]]; [[ὁσιόω]], [[ἀξιόω]], [[which]] [[never]] [[means]] to [[make]] [[worthy]], [[but]] to [[judge]] [[worthy]], to [[declare]] [[worthy]], to [[treat]] as [[worthy]]; [[see]] [[also]] [[κοινόω]], 2b.);<br /><b class="num">a.</b> [[with]] the [[negative]] [[idea]] [[predominant]], to [[declare]] [[guiltless]] [[one]] [[accused]] or [[who]] [[may]] be [[accused]], acquitted of a [[charge]] or [[reproach]], (δικαιοῦν [[τόν]] ἀσεβῆ in ἑαυτόν, οὐ δεδικαίωμαι, [[namely]], [[with]] God, [[ἀπό]] τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν added, to be [[declared]] [[innocent]] and [[therefore]] to be absolved from the [[charge]] of sins (cf. Buttmann, 322 (277)), [[ἀπό]] ἁμαρτίας, to be absolved, [[namely]], from the [[payment]] of a [[vow]], to be freed, [[ἀπό]] τῆς ἁμαρτίας, from its [[dominion]], to Judges, [[declare]], [[pronounce]], [[righteous]] and [[therefore]] [[acceptable]], (God is said δικαιοῦν δίκαιον, ἑαυτόν, ἐδικαίωσαν [[τόν]] Θεόν, [[declared]] God to be [[righteous]], i. e. by receiving the baptism [[declared]] [[that]] it had been prescribed by God [[rightly]], ἐξ ἔργων ἐδικαιώθη, got his [[reputation]] for [[righteousness]] ([[namely]], [[with]] his countrymen ([[but]] [[see]] Meyer (edited by Weiss) at the [[passage]])) by works, ἐκ τῶν λόγων, by [[thy]] words, in [[contrast]] [[with]] καταδικάζεσθαι, [[namely]], by God, [[δικαιοσύνη]], 1c.): [[thus]] [[absolutely]], δικαιοῦν τινα, [[ἡμᾶς]], opposed to ἐγκάλειν); [[with]] the [[addition]] of ἐκ (in [[consequence]] of) πίστεως, [[διά]] τῆς πίστεως, δικαιοῦσθαι, δικαιωθῆναι, τῇ χάριτι [[τοῦ]] Θεοῦ, [[δωρεάν]] τῇ χάριτι [[τοῦ]] Θεοῦ, πίστει, ἐκ πίστεως, by [[means]] of [[faith]], ἐν τῷ αἵματι [[τοῦ]] Χριστοῦ (as the [[meritorious]] [[cause]] of [[their]] [[acceptance]], as the [[old]] theologians [[say]], [[faith]] [[being]] the apprehending or subjective [[cause]]), ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι [[τοῦ]] κυρίου Ἰησοῦ [[καί]] ἐν τῷ πνεύματι [[τοῦ]] Θεοῦ [[ἡμῶν]], by confessing the [[name]] of the Lord ([[which]] implies [[faith]] in him, ἐν Χριστῷ [[through]] Christ, δικαιοῦται ἐξ ἔργων νόμου, [[ἐνώπιον]] [[αὐτοῦ]], i. e. of God, δικαιοσύνην, 1c. [[under]] the [[end]]) — a [[statement]] [[which]] is affirmed by James in ἐξ ἔργων δικαιοῦται, significantly omitting νόμου); to the [[same]] [[purport]] Paul denies [[that]] a [[man]] δικαιοῦται ἐν νόμῳ, in obeying the [[law]], or by [[keeping]] it, [[παρά]] τῷ Θεῷ, in the [[sight]] of God, δικαιοῦται by [[deep]] [[sorrow]] for his sins, [[which]] so humbles him [[that]] he hopes for [[salvation]] [[only]] from [[divine]] [[grace]]. The Pauline conceptions of [[δίκαιος]], [[δικαιοσύνη]], [[δικαιόω]], are elucidated [[especially]] by Winzer, De vocabulis [[δίκαιος]], etc., in Ep. ad Romans, Lipsius 1831; Usteri, Paulin. Lehrbegriff, p. 86f edition 4etc.; Neander, Gesch. der Pfianzung as [[above]] [[with]] ii., p. 567ff et passim, edition 3 (Robinson's translation of edition 4, pp. 382ff, 417ff); Baur, Paulus, p. 572ff (Zeller's) edition 2, vol. ii 145-183; English translation, vol. ii, p. 134ff); Rauwenhoff Disquisitio etc., Lugd. Bat. 1852; Lipsius, Die paulin. Rechtfertigungslehre, Lpz. 1853; Schmid, Biblical Theologie des N. T., p. 562ff edition 2 (p. 558ff edition 4; English translation, p. 495f); Ernesti, Vom Ursprung der Sunde as [[above]] [[with]] i., p. 152ff; Messner, Lehre der Apostel, p. 256ff ([[summary]] by S. R. Asbury in Bib. Sacr. for 1870, p. 140f); Jul. Kostlin in the Jahrbb. [[fur]] deutsche Theol. 1856 fasc. 1, p. 85ff; Wieseler, Commentar u. d. Br. an d. Galater, pp. 176ff ([[see]] in Schaff's Lange's Romans, p. 122 f); Kahnis, Lutherische Dogmatik, Bd. i., p. 592ff; [[Philippi]], Dogmatik, v. 1, p. 208ff; Weiss, Biblical Theol. des N. T. § 65; Ritschl, Die christl. Lehre v. d. Versohnung u. Rechtf. ii. 318ff; Pfleiderer, Paulinismus, p. 172ff (English translation, vol. i., p. 171ff; [[but]] [[especially]] Dr. James Morison, Critical Exposition of the Third Chapter of the Epistle to the Romans, pp. 163-198. On the patristic [[usage]] [[see]] Reithmayr, Galaterbrief, p. 177f; Cremer, Worterbuch, 4te Aufl., p. 285; Suicer, Thesaurus [[under]] the [[word]]). In classic Greek [[δικαιόω]] (Ionic [[δικαιέω]], [[Herodotus]]) is:<br /><b class="num">1.</b> equivalent to δίκαιον [[νομίζω]], to [[deem]] [[right]] or [[fair]]: τί, [[often]] followed by the infinitive; to [[choose]] [[what]] is [[right]] and [[fair]], [[hence]], [[universally]], to [[choose]], [[desire]], [[decide]]: [[Herodotus]], [[Sophocles]], [[Thucydides]], others.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> [[with]] the accusative of [[person]], τό δίκαιον ποιῶ τινα to do [[one]] [[justice]], in a [[bad]] [[sense]], viz. to [[condemn]], [[punish]], [[one]]: [[Herodotus]], [[Thucydides]], [[Plato]], others; [[hence]], δικαιοῦσθαι, to [[have]] [[justice]] done [[oneself]], to [[suffer]] [[justice]], be treated [[rightly]], opposed to ἀδικεῖσθαι, [[Aristotle]], eth. Nic. 5,9, 11, p. 1136{a}, 18ff (In [[like]] [[manner]] the German rechtfertigen in its [[early]] [[forensic]] [[use]] [[bore]] a [[bad]] [[sense]], viz. to [[try]] [[judicially]] (so for ἀνακρίνειν, [[condemn]]; [[execute]] [[judgment]], [[especially]] [[put]] to [[death]].)