πνεῦμα: Difference between revisions

|astxt=[[πνεῦμα]], -τος, τό, [in [[LXX]] [[chiefly]] and [[very]] freq. for רוּחַ;] <br /><b class="num">1.</b>of [[air]] in [[motion]];<br /><b class="num">(a)</b>[[wind]]: Jo 3:8; pl., He 1:7 (LXX); <br /><b class="num">(b)</b>[[breath]]: πνεῦμα ζωῆς, Re 11:11; πνεῦμα τοῦ στόματος, [[fig]]., II Th 2:8 (cf. Ps 32 (33)6). <br /><b class="num">2.</b>Of the [[vital]] [[principle]], the [[spirit]] (Arist., Polyb., al.): Lk 8:55, Jo 19:30, Ac 7:59, al.; opp. to [[σάρξ]], Mt 26:41, Mk 14:38, I Co 5:5, al.; to [[σῶμα]], Ro 8:10, I Co 6:17 7:34, I Pe 4:6; to [[ψυχή]], Phl 1:27, He 4:12; τὸ π. καὶ ἡ ψ. καὶ τ. [[σῶμα]], I Th 5:23 (M, Th., in l.); dat., τῷ π., in [[spirit]], Mk 2:8 8:12, Jo 11:33 13:21, Ac 18:25, Ro 12:11, I Co 7:34, I Pe 3:18, al.; of the [[human]] [[spirit]] of Christ, Ro 1:4, I Ti 3:16. <br /><b class="num">3.</b>[[spirit]], i.e. [[frame]] of [[mind]], [[disposition]], [[influence]]: Lk 1:17, Ro 8:15, I Co 4:21, Gal 6:1, Eph 2:2, II Ti 1:7, I Jo 4:6, al. <br /><b class="num">4.</b>An [[incorporeal]] [[being]], a [[spirit]]: Lk 24:37, 39 Ac 23:8; πνεῦμα ὁ [[θεός]], God is [[spirit]], Jo 4:24; πατὴρ τῶν πνεῦμα, He 12:9; of [[disembodied]] [[human]] beings, He 12:23, I Pe 3:19 (ICC, in l.; DB, iii, 795); of angels. He 1:14; of demons or [[evil]] spirits, Mt 8:16, Mk 9:20, Lk 9:39, al.; πνεῦμα πύθυωνα, Ac 16:16; πνεύματα δαιμονίων, Re 16:14; πνεῦμα δαιμονίου ἀκαθάρτου, Lk 4:33; πνεῦμα ἀσθενείας (Bl., §35, 5), Lk 13:11; πνεῦμα ἀκάθαρτον, Mt 10:1, Mk 1:23, Lk 4:36, Ac 5:16; πνεῦμα ἄλαλον (καὶ κωφόν), Mk 9:17, 25; πονηρόν, Lk 7:21, Ac 19:12, al. <br /><b class="num">5.</b>Of the [[Holy Spirit]], πνεῦμα ἅγιον, τὸ ἅ. πνεῦμα, τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅ. τὸ πνεῦμα, πνεῦμα (the [[article]] as a [[rule]] [[being]] used [[when]] the Spirit is regarded as a Person or a Divine Power, and omitted [[when]] the [[reference]] is to an [[operation]], [[influence]] or [[gift]] of the Spirit; v. WM, 151:5; Bl., §46, 7): anarth., Mt 1:18 3:11, 16 4:1, Mk 1:8 (Swete, in l.), ib.10, Lk 1:15, Jo 7:39, Ac 19:2, Ro 5:5, I Co 2:4, al.; c. [[art]]., Mt 4:1 12:31, 32 Mk 1:10 3:29, Lk 2:26, Jo 7:36 14:26, Ac 4:31 5:3, Ro 8:16, al.; (τὸ) πνεῦμα (τοῦ) θεοῦ, Mt 3:16, Ro 8:9, Eph 3:16, I Jo 4:2, al.; τὸ πνεῦμα τ. πατρός, Mt 10:20; πνεῦμα θεοῦ ζῶντος, II Co 3:3; (τὸ) πνεῦμα τοῦ κυρίου, Lk 4:18, Ac 5:9 8:39; τὸ πνεῦμα Ἰησοῦ, Ac 16:7; Χριστοῦ, Ro 8:9; Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, Phl 1:19; τὸ πνεῦμα τ. ἀληθείας, Jo 15:26 16:13, I Jo 4:6; λείγει (μαρτυρεῖ) τὸ πνεῦμα (τὸ ἅγιον), Ac 21:11 28:25, I Ti 4:1, He 3:7 10:15, Re 14:13; seq. τ. ἐκκλησίαις,Re 2:7, 11 17, 29, 3:6, 12, 22; ἐν τ. πνεῦμα, Lk 2:27; κατὰ [[πνεῦμα]], Ro 8:4, 5; ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ πνεῦμα, Jo 3:5, διὰ πνεύματος αἰωνίου, He 9:14; ἐν ἁγιασμῷ πνεύματος, II Th 2:13, I Pe 1:2; ἓν π., I Co 12:13, Eph 2:18 4:4; ὁ δὲ [[κύριος]] τὸ πνεῦμα ἐστιν, II Co 3:17; of [[that]] [[which]] is effected or governed by the Spirit, opp. to [[γράμμα]], Ro 2:29 7:6, II Co 3:6. SYN.: [[νοῦς]], [[which]] in NT is contrasted [[with]] πνεῦμα as "the [[action]] of the [[understanding]] in [[man]] [[with]] [[that]] of the [[spiritual]] or [[ecstatic]] [[impulse]]" (DB, iv, 612); [[ψυχή]]— the [[usual]] [[term]] in cl. psychology—in NT, "expresses [[man]] as [[apart]] [[from]] God, a [[separate]] [[individual]], πνεῦμα expresses [[man]] as [[drawing]] his [[life]] [[from]] God" (DB, 1-vol., 872).