ἁμαρτία: Difference between revisions

|txtha=(ας, ἡ (from 2nd aorist ἁμαρτεῖν, as [[ἀποτυχία]] from ἀποτύχειν), a [[failing]] to [[hit]] the [[mark]] ([[see]] [[ἁμαρτάνω]]. In Greek writings (from [[Aeschylus]] and [[Thucydides]] down). 1st, an [[error]] of the [[understanding]] (cf. Ackermann, Das Christl. im [[Plato]], p. 59 Anm. 3 (English translation (S. R. Asbury, 1861), p. 57n. 99)). 2nd, a [[bad]] [[action]], [[evil]] [[deed]]. In the N. T. [[always]] in an [[ethical]] [[sense]], and<br /><b class="num">1.</b> equivalent to τό ἁμαρτάνειν a sinning, [[whether]] it occurs by [[omission]] or [[commission]], in [[thought]] and [[feeling]] or in [[speech]] and [[action]] (cf. [[Cicero]], de [[fin]]. 3,9): ὑφ' ἁμαρτίαν [[εἶναι]] held down in [[sin]], ἐπιμένειν τῇ [[ἁμαρτία]], ἀποθνῄσκειν τῇ [[ἁμαρτία]] and [[ζῆν]] ἐν αὐτῇ, [[τήν]] ἁμαρτίαν γινώσκειν, [[νεκρός]] τῇ [[ἁμαρτία]] [[περί]] ἁμαρτίας to [[break]] the [[power]] of [[sin]], [[σῶμα]] τῆς ἁμαρτίας the [[body]] as the [[instrument]] of [[sin]], [[ἀπάτη]] τῆς ἁμαρτίας the [[craft]] by [[which]] [[sin]] is [[accustomed]] to [[deceive]], [[ἄνθρωπος]] τῆς ἁμαρτίας (ἀνομίας T Tr [[text]] WH [[text]]) the [[man]] so [[possessed]] by [[sin]] [[that]] he seems [[unable]] to [[exist]] [[without]] it, the [[man]] [[utterly]] given up to [[sin]], Winer's Grammar, § 34,3Note 2). In [[this]] [[sense]] [[ἁμαρτία]] (equivalent to τό ἁμαρτάνειν) as a [[power]] exercising [[dominion]] [[over]] men ([[sin]] as a [[principle]] and [[power]]) is [[rhetorically]] represented as an [[imperial]] [[personage]] in the phrases [[ἁμαρτία]] βασιλεύει, κυριεύει, κατεργάζεται, δουλεύειν τῇ ἁμ. [[δοῦλος]] τῆς ἁμ. WH brackets; G omits τῆς ἁμ.); [[νόμος]] τῆς ἁμ. the [[dictate]] of [[sin]] or an [[impulse]] [[proceeding]] from it, [[δύναμις]] τῆς ἁμ. [[ἁμαρτία]], in [[ἁμαρτία]] in [[sense]], [[but]] [[not]] in [[signification]], is the [[source]] [[whence]] the [[several]] [[evil]] acts [[proceed]]; [[but]] it [[never]] denotes vitiosity.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> [[that]] [[which]] is done [[wrong]], committed or [[resultant]] [[sin]], an [[offence]], a [[violation]] of the [[divine]] [[law]] in [[thought]] or in [[act]] (ἡ [[ἁμαρτία]] ἐστιν ἡ [[ἀνομία]], [[ἁμαρτία]] [[must]] be taken to [[mean]] [[neither]] [[error]], [[nor]] [[craft]] by [[which]] Jesus is corrupting the [[people]], [[but]] [[sin]] viewed [[generally]], as is [[well]] shown by Lücke at the [[passage]] and Ullmann in the Studien und Kritiken for 1842, p. 667ff (cf. his Sündlosigkeit Jesu, p. 66ff (English translation of the 7th edition, p. 71 f)); the [[thought]] Isaiah, 'If anyone convicts me of [[sin]], [[then]] [[you]] [[may]] [[lawfully]] [[question]] the [[truth]] and [[divinity]] of my [[doctrine]], for [[sin]] hinders the [[perception]] of [[truth]]'); [[χωρίς]] ἁμαρτίας so [[that]] he did [[not]] [[commit]] [[sin]], ποιεῖν ἁμαρτίαν and [[τήν]] ἁμαρτίαν ἔχειν ἁμαρτίαν to [[have]] [[sin]] as [[though]] it were [[one]]'s [[odious]] [[private]] [[property]], or to [[have]] done [[something]] needing [[expiation]], equivalent to to [[have]] committed [[sin]], [[αἷμα]] ἔχειν, of [[one]] [[who]] has committed [[murder]], [[Euripides]], Or. 514); [[very]] [[often]] in the plural ἁμαρτίαι (in the Synoptative Gospels the [[singular]] occurs [[but]] [[once]]: L T Tr WH); [[πλῆθος]] ἁμαρτιῶν, ποιεῖν ἁμαρτίας, [[ἄφεσις]] ἁμαρτιῶν, ἀφιέναι τάς ἁμαρτίας, etc. ([[see]] [[ἀφίημι]], 1d.), in [[which]] the [[word]] does [[not]] of itself [[denote]] the [[guilt]] or [[penalty]] of sins, [[but]] the sins are conceived of as removed so to [[speak]] from God's [[sight]], regarded by him as [[not]] having been done, and [[therefore]] are [[not]] punished. Ἐν ἁμαρτίαις σύ ἐγεννήθης [[ὅλος]] thou wast [[covered]] [[all]] [[over]] [[with]] sins [[when]] thou wast [[born]] i. e. didst [[sin]] [[abundantly]] [[before]] thou wast [[born]], ἐν ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις ἀποθνῄσκειν to [[die]] loaded [[with]] [[evil]] deeds [[therefore]] unreformed, [[ἔτι]] ἐν ἁμαρτίαις [[εἶναι]] [[still]] to [[have]] [[one]]'s sins, [[namely]], [[unexpiated]], [[some]] [[particular]] [[evil]] [[deed]]: [[τήν]] ἁμαρτίαν ταύτην, [[πᾶσα]] [[ἁμαρτία]], [[ἁμαρτία]] [[πρός]] θάνατον, [[ζωή]] [[received]] from Christ [[into]] the [[state]] of [[θάνατος]] (cf. [[θάνατος]], 2) in [[which]] he [[was]] [[before]] he became united to Christ by [[faith]]; cf. Lücke, DeWette ([[especially]] Westcott, at the [[passage]])).<br /><b class="num">3.</b> [[collectively]], the [[complex]] or aggregate of sins committed [[either]] by a [[single]] [[person]] or by [[many]]: αἴρειν [[τήν]] ἁμαρτίαν τοῦ κόσμου, [[αἴρω]], 3c.); ἀποθνῄσκειν ἐν τῇ [[ἁμαρτία]] [[περί]] ἁμαρτίας, [[namely]], θυσίας (Winer's Grammar, 583 (542): Buttmann, 393 (336)), [[expiatory]] sacrifices, Sept., [[who]] [[sometimes]] so [[translate]] the [[Hebrew]] חֲטָאָה and חַטָּאת, e. g. [[χωρίς]] ἁμαρτίας having no fellowship [[with]] the [[sin]] [[which]] he is [[about]] (?) to [[expiate]], Hebrews 9:28.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> abstract for the concrete, equivalent to [[ἁμαρτωλός]]: Romans 7:7 (ὁ νόμος ἁμαρτία, opposed to ὁ νόμος ἅγιος, Romans 7:12); 2 Corinthians 5:21 (τόν ... ἁμαρτίαν ἐποίησεν he treated him, who knew not sin, as a sinner). Cf. Fritzsche on Romans, vol. i. 289ff; (see [[ἁμάρτημα]]; Trench, § lxvi.).