θάνατος: Difference between revisions

|txtha=θανάτου, ὁ ([[θανεῖν]]); the Sept. for מָוֶת and מוּת, [[also]] for דֶּבֶר [[pestilence]] (Winer's Grammar, 29 [[note]]); ([[one]] of the nouns [[often]] anarthrous, cf. Winer's Grammar, § 19,1under the [[word]]; (Buttmann, § 124,8c.); Grimm, [[commentary]] on Sap., p. 59); [[death]];<br /><b class="num">1.</b> [[properly]], the [[death]] of the [[body]], i. e. [[that]] [[separation]] ([[whether]] [[natural]] or [[violent]]) of the [[soul]] from the [[body]] by [[which]] the [[life]] on [[earth]] is ended: Tr marginal [[reading]] ᾅδου) (on [[this]] [[see]] [[ὠδίν]]); [[ζωή]], [[χώρα]] [[καί]] [[σκιά]] θανάτου (צַלְמָוֶת) is equivalent to the [[region]] of thickest [[darkness]], i. e. [[figuratively]], a [[region]] enveloped in the [[darkness]] of [[ignorance]] and [[sin]]: [[θάνατος]] is used of the [[punishment]] of Christ, Hebrews 2:(9),14; σῴζειν τινα ἐκ θανάτου, to [[free]] from the [[fear]] of [[death]], to [[enable]] [[one]] to [[undergo]] [[death]] [[fearlessly]], ῤύεσθαι ἐκ θανάτου, to [[deliver]] from the [[danger]] of [[death]], θανατοῖ, deaths (i. e. [[mortal]] perils) of [[various]] kinds, [[περίλυπος]] [[ἕως]] θανάτου, [[even]] [[unto]] [[death]], i. e. so [[that]] I am [[almost]] [[dying]] of [[sorrow]], λελύπημαι [[ἕως]] θανάτου, [[λύπη]] [[ἕως]] θανάτου, [[μέχρι]] θανάτου, so as [[not]] to [[refuse]] to [[undergo]] [[even]] [[death]], [[ἄχρι]] θανάτου, ἐσφαγμένος εἰς θάνατον, [[that]] has [[received]] a [[deadly]] [[wound]], [[πληγή]] θανάτου, a [[deadly]] [[wound]] ([[death]]-[[stroke]], cf. Winer's Grammar, § 34,3b.), [[ἰδεῖν]] θάνατον, to [[experience]] [[death]], γεύεσθαι θανάτου ([[see]] [[γεύω]], 2), διώκειν τινα [[ἄχρι]] θανάτου, [[even]] to [[destruction]], κατακρίνειν τινα θανάτῳ, to [[condemn]] [[one]] to [[death]] (ad mortem damnare, Tacitus), Tdf. εἰς θάνατον); [[κατακρίνω]], a.); πορεύεσθαι εἰς θάνατον, to [[undergo]] [[death]], παραδιδόναι τινα εἰς θάνατον, [[that]] he [[may]] be [[put]] to [[death]], παρέδωκαν ... εἰς [[κρίμα]] θανάτου, ἀποκτεῖναι τινα ἐν θανάτῳ (a Hebraism (cf. Buttmann, 184 (159f))), Winer's Grammar, 29 [[note]]); [[αἰτία]] θανάτου ([[see]] [[αἰτία]], 2), ἄξιον τί θανάτου, [[some]] [[crime]] [[worthy]] of the [[penalty]] of [[death]], [[αἴτιον]] ([[which]] [[see]] 2b.) [[θάνατος]]); [[ἔνοχος]] θανάτου, [[worthy]] of [[punishment]] by [[death]], θανάτῳ τελευτάτω, [[let]] him [[surely]] be [[put]] to [[death]], Sept. ([[Hebrew]] יוּמָת מות); cf. Winer's Grammar, § 44at the [[end]] N. 3; (Buttmann, as [[above]]); θανάτου ... σταυροῦ, ποιῶ θανάτῳ, by [[what]] [[kind]] of [[death]], 1 Corinthians 15:(26),54,56; R G; [[κλείς]]); the [[loss]] of [[that]] [[life]] [[which]] [[alone]] is [[worthy]] of the [[name]], i. e. "the [[misery]] of [[soul]] arising from [[sin]], [[which]] begins on [[earth]] [[but]] lasts and increases [[after]] the [[death]] of the [[body]]": Clement of [[Rome]], 2 Corinthians 1,6 [ET] says of [[life]] [[before]] [[conversion]] to Christ, ὁ [[βίος]] [[ἡμῶν]] [[ὅλος]] [[ἄλλο]] [[οὐδέν]] ἦν [[εἰ μή]] [[θάνατος]] (cf. [[Philo]], praem. et poenis § 12, and references in 4below)); opposed to ἡ [[ζωή]], [[σωτηρία]], σῴζειν ψυχήν ἐκ θανάτου, μεταβεβηκέναι ἐκ τοῦ θανάτου εἰς [[τήν]] ζωήν, μένειν ἐν τῷ θανάτῳ, θεωρεῖν θάνατον, γεύεσθαι θανάτου, [[ἁμαρτία]] and ἁμαρτάνειν [[πρός]] θάνατον ([[see]] [[ἁμαρτία]], 2b.), לָמוּת חֵטְא — [[after]] Sept. [[ἁμαρτία]] [[θανατηφόρος]] — is a crimen capitale).<br /><b class="num">3.</b> the [[miserable]] [[state]] of the [[wicked]] [[dead]] in [[hell]] is called — [[now]] [[simply]] [[θάνατος]], Tatian or. ad Graec. c. 13; the [[author]] of the [[epistle]] ad Diognet. c. 10,7 [ET] distinguishes [[between]] ὁ [[δοκῶν]] [[ἐνθάδε]] [[θάνατος]], the [[death]] of the [[body]], and ὁ [[ὄντως]] [[θάνατος]], ὅς φυλάσσεται τοῖς κατακριθησομενοις εἰς τό [[πῦρ]] τό αἰώνιον); [[now]] ὁ [[δεύτερος]] [[θάνατος]] and ὁ [[θάνατος]] ὁ [[δεύτερος]] (as opposed to the [[former]] [[death]], i. e. to [[that]] by [[which]] [[life]] on [[earth]] is ended), [[Plutarch]], de [[fade]] in orbe lunae 27,6, p. 942f.); [[θάνατος]] [[αἰώνιος]], the Epistle of Barnabas 20,1 [ET] and in ecclesiastical writings (ὁ [[ἀΐδιος]] [[θάνατος]], [[Philo]], [[post]]. Cain. § 11at the [[end]]; [[see]] [[also]] Wetstein on [[death]] comprises [[all]] the miseries arising from [[sin]], as [[well]] [[physical]] [[death]] as the [[loss]] of a [[life]] [[consecrated]] to God and [[blessed]] in him on [[earth]] ([[Philo]], alleg. legg. i. § 33 ὁ ψυχῆς [[θάνατος]] ἀρετῆς [[μέν]] [[φθορά]] ἐστι, κακίας δέ [[ἀνάληψις]] (de profug. § 21 [[θάνατος]] ψυχῆς ὁ [[μετά]] κακίας ἐστι [[βίος]], [[especially]] §§ 10,11; qued det. [[pot]]. insid. §§ 14,15; de poster. Cain. § 21, and de praem. et poen. as in 2above)), to be followed by [[wretchedness]] in the [[lower]] [[world]] (opposed to [[ζωή]] [[αἰώνιος]]): [[θάνατος]] seems to be so used in Romans 5:12; Messner, Lehre der Apostel, p. 210ff