ἦθος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=εος, τό (cf. [[ἔθος]]), <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> an [[accustomed place]]: hence, in plural, [[haunt]]s or [[abode]]s of animals, μετά τ' ἤθεα καὶ νομὸν ἵππων <span class="bibl">Il.6.511</span>; [σύας] ἔρξαν κατὰ ἤθεα κοιμηθῆναι <span class="bibl">Od.14.411</span>; of lions, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.125</span>; of fish, <span class="bibl">Opp.<span class="title">H.</span>1.93</span>; of [[the abodes of men]], <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>167</span>, <span class="bibl">525</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.15</span>, <span class="bibl">157</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>64</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>274</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>865e</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mu.</span>398b33</span>; <b class="b3">ἔλεγον ἐξ ἠθέων τὸν ἥλιον ἀνατεῖλαι</b> away from his [[accustomed place]], <span class="bibl">Hdt. 2.142</span>; of plants, <span class="bibl">Callistr.<span class="title">Stat.</span>7</span>: metaph., with play on signf. ''ΙΙ'', <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>277a</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[custom]], [[usage]]: in plural, [[manners]], [[customs]], <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>137</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Th.</span>66</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.30</span>,<span class="bibl">35</span>, <span class="bibl">4.106</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.61</span>; τρόποι καὶ ἤθη <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Lg.</span>896c</span>; <b class="b3">ἐθρέψω Ξέρξην ἐν τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἤ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">695e</span>; φθείρουσιν ἤθη χρήσθ' ὁμιλίαι κακαί <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHib.</span>1.7.94</span> (<span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>1024</span> = <span class="bibl">Men.218</span>); τοῖς ἤθεσιν ἁπλοῦς <span class="bibl">D.S.5.21</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[disposition]], [[character]], ἐπίκλοπον ἦθος <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span> 67</span>,<span class="bibl">78</span>; ἦ. ἐμφυές <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>11(10).21</span>; <b class="b3">ἀκίχητα ἤ</b>., of Zeus, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>187</span>; τοὐμὸν ἦ. παιδεύειν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>595</span>; <b class="b3">ὦ μιαρὸν ἦ</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>746</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ τῆς πόλεως ἦ</b>. <span class="bibl">Isoc.2.31</span>; <b class="b3">βελτίων τῆς πόλεως τὸ ἦ</b>. <span class="bibl">D.20.14</span>; esp. [[moral character]], opp. [[διάνοια]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1139a1</span>; as the result of habit, τὸ πᾶν ἦ. διὰ ἔθος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>792e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EE</span>1220a39</span>; ἦ. ἀνθρώπῳ δαίμων <span class="bibl">Heraclit.119</span>; <b class="b3">ἦ. πηγὴ βίου</b> Stoic. ap. Stob.2.7.1; <b class="b3">τῆς ψυχῆς, τῆς γνώμης</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>400d</span>, <span class="bibl">D.61.16</span>: freq. opp. [[πάθος]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1356a23</span> (pl.), etc.; ἠθῶν τε καὶ παθῶν μίμησις <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Pomp.</span>3</span>; τὸ ἦ. πρᾶος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>243c</span>: less freq. in dat., <b class="b3">ἀγοραῖος τῷ ἤ</b>. <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Char.</span>6.2</span>, cf. <span class="title">Inscr.Magn.</span>164.3 (i/ii A.D.): pl., [[trait]]s, [[characteristic]]s, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>402d</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1144b4</span> (in sg., <b class="b3">τὸ τῆς ἀνδρείας ἦ</b>. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>836d</span>): seldom in plural, of an individual, στερρὸν τὰ ἤθεα <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Ep.</span>11</span>; ἱερὸς κατὰ τὰ ἤθη <span class="bibl">Ath.1.1e</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> of outward [[bearing]], <b class="b3">ὡς ἱλαρὸν τὸ ἦ</b>. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Smp.</span>8.3</span>; ὑγρότης ἤθους <span class="bibl">Lycurg.33</span>; <b class="b3">ὑψηλὸς τῷ ἤ</b>. <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Dio</span>4</span>: in plural, of facial expression, ὀφθαλμῶν ἤθη <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">Gym.</span> 25</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> in Rhet., [[delineation of character]], ἦ. ἔχουσιν οἱ λόγοι ἐν ὅσοις δήλη ἡ προαίρεσις <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1395b13</span>; ἦ. ἐμφαίνειν Phld.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1.200S.; esp. opp. [[πάθος]], Longin.9.15, etc.; <b class="b3">κατ' ἦ. λέγεσθαι</b>, opp. <b class="b3">κατὰ πάθος</b>, <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Comp.</span>22</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lys.</span>19</span>: in plural, πραγμάτων καὶ ἠθῶν <span class="bibl">Phld.<span class="title">Po.</span>5.5</span>; ἐν πάθεσι καὶ ἤθεσιν <span class="bibl">Demetr.<span class="title">Eloc.</span>28</span>, etc.; so of works of art, <b class="b3">ἡ Ζεύξιδος γραφὴ οὐδὲν ἔχει ἦ</b>. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Po.</span>1450a29</span>; πάθος καὶ ἦ. καὶ σχημάτων χρῆσις <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">VH</span>4.3</span>; πολλὰ ἤθη ἐπιφαίνει <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">Her.</span>2.10</span>; also of Music, <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">M.</span>6.49</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">d</span> [[dramatis persona]], <b class="b3">εἰσάγει ἄνδρα ἢ γυναῖκα ἢ ἄλλο τι ἦ</b>. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Po.</span>1450a11</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> also of animals, <b class="b3">ἦ. τὸ πρὸς τοκέων</b> (prob.l.for [[ἔθος]]) <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>727</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>1219</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>375e</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">HA</span>487a12</span> (pl.); <b class="b3">τὸ ἦ. ἀσθενής</b>, of a bird, ib.<span class="bibl">615a18</span>; of things, [[nature]], [[kind]], <b class="b3">παρὰ δ' ἦ. ἑκάστῳ</b> (to each of the four elements) <span class="bibl">Emp. 17.28</span>; τοῦ πυρετοῦ Gal.7.353. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[ἐν ἤθει]] = [[tactfully]] (cf. [[ἠθικός]] ΙΙ.2), προσφέρεσθαι τοῖς ἁμαρτάνουσιν Plu.2.73e. cf. <span class="bibl">Herm. <span class="title">in Phdr.</span>p.195A.</span>; <b class="b3">διὰ μέτριον ἦθος</b>, of the expression <b class="b3">δοκεῖ μοι</b>, <span class="bibl">Steph.<span class="title">in Hp.</span>1.59D.</span></span>

|elrutext='''ἦθος:''' εος τό<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[местопребывание]], [[обиталище]], [[жилье]] (ἤθεα Περσέων Her.; βάρβαρα ἤθη Eur.): ἤθη τῶν λεόντων Her. логова львов; ἤθεα ἵππων Hom. стойла для лошадей; ἦ. συῶν Hom. свиной хлев; ἦ. τοῦ ἡλίου Her. место восхода солнца; εἰς τὰ [[σφέτερα]] ἤθη καὶ νομούς Arst. восвояси;<br /><b class="num">2</b> (= [[ἔθος]]) навык, обыкновение, обычай, привычка (ἤθεά τε καὶ νόμοι Her.);<br /><b class="num">3</b> (тж. ἦ. τῆς ψυχῆς Plat.) душевный склад, нрав, натура, характер (μιαρόν Soph.): ἀσθενὴς τὸ ἦ. (acc.) Arst. вялый, ленивый; ἦ. τινος παιδεύειν Aesch. изменить чей-л. нрав; [[πρᾷος]] τὸ ἦ. Plat. кроткого нрава; τὸ τῆς πόλεως ἦ. Isocr. характер (особенности) государства; τὰ ἤθη Plat., τοῖς ἤθεσι Diod., ἐς τὰ ἤθη Luc. нравом, по характеру; ἤθεσι χαὶ ἔθεσι Plat. по душевному складу и по привычкам; τρόποι καὶ ἤθη Plat. обычаи и нравы;<br /><b class="num">4</b> [[нрав]], [[норов]] (ἱππικὰ ἤθη Eur.).