ξύλον: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ῠ], τό (pl. spelt<br><span class="bld">A</span> ξύλεα Abh. Berl. Akad. 1928(6).32 (Cos, v B. C.)), [[wood]] cut and ready for use, [[firewood]], [[timber]], etc., Hom., mostly in plural, Il.8.507,547, Od.14.418; <b class="b3">ξ. νήϊα</b> ship-[[timber]], Hes.''Op.'' 808; ξ. ναυπηγήσιμα Th.7.25, X.''An.''6.4.4, Pl.''Lg.''706b, D.17.28; <b class="b3">ξ. τετράγωνα</b> [[log]]s [[cut]] [[square]], Hdt.1.186, cf. Pl.''Prt.''325d, Arist.''EN'' 1109b7.<br><span class="bld">2</span> in plural, also, the [[wood-market]], ἐπὶ ξύλα ἰέναι Ar.''Fr.'' 403.<br><span class="bld">II</span> in sg., [[piece of wood]], [[log]], [[beam]], [[post]], once in Hom., ξ. αὖον… ἢ δρυὸς ἢ πεύκης Il.23.327; <b class="b3">ξύλον σύκινον</b> [[spoon]] made of [[fig]] [[wood]], Pl.''Hp.Ma.''291c; [[peg]] or [[lever]], Arist.''MA''701b9; [[perch]], ἐπὶ ξύλου καθεύδειν Ar.''Nu.''1431: by poet. [[periphrasis]], Ἀργοῦς ξύλον A.''Fr.''20; <b class="b3">ἵπποιο κακὸν ξύλον</b>, of the [[Trojan horse]], ''AP''9.152 (Agath.): hence anything made of wood, as,<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[cudgel]], [[club]], Hdt.2.63,4.180, Ar.''Lys.''357, ''PHal.''1.187 (iii B.C.); μετὰ ξύλων εἰσπηδῆσαι ''PTeb.''304.10 (ii A.D.); ξύλοις συντρίψειν Luc.''Demon.''50; of the [[club]] of [[Heracles]], Plu.''Lyc.''30.<br><span class="bld">3</span> an [[instrument]] of [[punishment]],<br><span class="bld">a</span> [[wooden collar]], put on the neck of the prisoner, ξύλῳ φιμοῦν τὸν αὐχένα Ar.''Nu.''592; ἐς τετρημένον ξ. ἐγκαθαρμόσαι… τὸν αὐχένα Id.''Lys.''680; or,<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[stocks]], in which the feet were confined, Hdt.9.37, 6.75, Ar.''Eq.''367, D.18.129; ξ. [[ἐφέλκειν]] Polyzel.3; ἐν τῷ ξ. δεδέσθαι Lys.10.16 (v. [[ποδοκάκκη]]), cf. ''Act.Ap.''16.24, ''OGI''483.181 (Pergam., ii A.D.): also in plural, ἔδησεν ἐν τοῖς ξ. And.1.45.<br><span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">πεντεσύριγγον ξύλον</b> (v. sub voc.) was a combination of both, with holes for the neck, arms, and legs, Ar.''Eq.''1049.<br><span class="bld">d</span> [[gallows]], κρεμάσαι τινὰ ἐπὶ ξύλου [[LXX]] ''De.''21.22; <b class="b3">ξ. δίδυμον</b> ib.''Jo.''8.29: [[proverb|prov.]], [[ἐξ ἀξίου τοῦ ξύλου κἂν ἀπάγξασθαι]], i.e. [[if one must be hanged, at least let it be on a noble tree]], ''App.Prov.''2.67, cf. Ar.''Ra.''736; in [[NT]], of the [[cross]], Act.Ap.5.30,10.39.<br><span class="bld">e</span> [[stake]] on which criminals were impaled, Alex.222.10.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[bench]], [[table]], esp. [[money-changer's table]], D.45.33.<br><span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">πρῶτον ξύλον</b> [[front]] [[bench]] in the [[Athenian]] [[theatre]], Ar.''Ach.''25, ''V.''90, cf. Sch.adlocc.: hence <b class="b3">οὑπὶ τῶν ξύλων</b> the [[official]] who had to [[take care of]] the [[seat]]s, Hermipp.9 (according to Meineke).<br><span class="bld">6</span> the [[Hippocratic]] [[bench]], Hp.''Fract.''13, ''Art.''72.<br><span class="bld">III</span> of live wood, [[tree]], [ὄρος] δασὺ πολλοῖς καὶ παντοδαποῖς καὶ μεγάλοις ξύλοις X.''An.''6.4.5, cf. Call.''Cer.''41, Agatharch.55, [[LXX]] ''Ca.''2.3, al.: opp. [[σάρξ]], Thphr.''HP''1.2.6,al.; τῷ ξ. τοῦ δένδρου ἀνάλογον τὴν λεγομένην εἶναι γῆν Plot.6.7.11; τὸ ξ. τῆς ἀμπέλου E.''Cyc.''572; <b class="b3">εἴρια ἀπὸ ξύλου</b>, of [[cotton]], Hdt.3.47; εἵματα ἀπὸ ξύλων πεποιημένα Id.7.65, cf.Poll.7.75.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> of persons, [[blockhead]], APl.4.187; of a [[stubborn]] person, σίδηρός τις ἢ ξ. πρὸς τὰς δεήσεις Ach.Tat.5.22.<br><span class="bld">V</span> a [[measure]] of [[length]], = 3 (also 2 2/3) cubits, the side of the [[ναύβιον]], Hero ''*Geom''.23.4,11, ''POxy.''669.11,28 (iii A.D.), 1053 (vi/vii A.D.).