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{{LSJ1 | {{LSJ1 | ||
|Full diacritics= | |Full diacritics=ξῠ́λον | ||
|Medium diacritics=ξύλον | |Medium diacritics=ξύλον | ||
|Low diacritics=ξύλον | |Low diacritics=ξύλον | ||
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|Transliteration C=ksylon | |Transliteration C=ksylon | ||
|Beta Code=cu/lon | |Beta Code=cu/lon | ||
|Definition=[ῠ], τό (pl. spelt<br><span class="bld">A</span> ξύλεα Abh. Berl. Akad. 1928(6).32 (Cos, v B. C.)), [[wood]] cut and ready for use, [[firewood]], [[timber]], etc., Hom., mostly in plural, Il.8.507,547, Od.14.418; [[ξύλα νήϊα]] = [[ship-timber]], Hes.''Op.'' 808; ξύλα ναυπηγήσιμα Th.7.25, X.''An.''6.4.4, Pl.''Lg.''706b, D.17.28; [[ξύλα τετράγωνα]] = [[log]]s [[cut]] [[square]], Hdt.1.186, cf. Pl.''Prt.''325d, Arist.''EN'' 1109b7.<br><span class="bld">2</span> in plural, also, the [[wood-market]], ἐπὶ ξύλα [[ἰέναι]] Ar.''Fr.'' 403.<br><span class="bld">II</span> in sg., [[piece of wood]], [[log]], [[beam]], [[post]], once in Hom., ξύλον αὖον… ἢ δρυὸς ἢ πεύκης Il.23.327; [[ξύλον σύκινον]] = [[spoon]] made of [[fig]] [[wood]], Pl.''Hp.Ma.''291c; [[peg]] or [[lever]], Arist.''MA''701b9; [[perch]], ἐπὶ ξύλου [[καθεύδειν]] Ar.''Nu.''1431: by poet. [[periphrasis]], Ἀργοῦς ξύλον A.''Fr.''20; <b class="b3">ἵπποιο κακὸν ξύλον</b>, of the [[Trojan horse]], ''AP''9.152 (Agath.): hence anything made of wood, as,<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[cudgel]], [[club]], Hdt.2.63,4.180, Ar.''Lys.''357, ''PHal.''1.187 (iii B.C.); μετὰ ξύλων εἰσπηδῆσαι ''PTeb.''304.10 (ii A.D.); ξύλοις [[συντρίβω|συντρίψειν]] Luc.''Demon.''50; of the [[club]] of [[Heracles]], Plu.''Lyc.''30.<br><span class="bld">3</span> an [[instrument]] of [[punishment]],<br><span class="bld">a</span> [[wooden collar]], put on the [[neck]] of the [[prisoner]], ξύλῳ [[φιμόω|φιμοῦν]] τὸν αὐχένα Ar.''Nu.''592; ἐς τετρημένον ξ. ἐγκαθαρμόσαι… τὸν αὐχένα Id.''Lys.''680; or,<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[stock]]s, in which the feet were [[confine]]d, Hdt.9.37, 6.75, Ar.''Eq.''367, D.18.129; ξ. [[ἐφέλκειν]] Polyzel.3; ἐν τῷ ξ. δεδέσθαι Lys.10.16 (v. [[ποδοκάκκη]]), cf. ''Act.Ap.''16.24, ''OGI''483.181 (Pergam., ii A.D.): also in plural, ἔδησεν ἐν τοῖς ξ. And.1.45.<br><span class="bld">c</span> [[πεντεσύριγγος|πεντεσύριγγον]] ξύλον = [[pillory]] (v. sub voc.) was a combination of both, with holes for the neck, arms, and legs, Ar.''Eq.''1049.<br><span class="bld">d</span> [[gallows]], κρεμάσαι τινὰ ἐπὶ ξύλου [[LXX]] ''De.''21.22; [[ξύλον δίδυμον]] = ib.''Jo.''8.29: [[proverb|prov.]], [[ἐξ ἀξίου τοῦ ξύλου κἂν ἀπάγξασθαι]], i.e. [[if one must be hanged, at least let it be on a noble tree]], ''App.Prov.''2.67, cf. Ar.''Ra.''736; in [[NT]], of the [[cross]], Act.Ap.5.30,10.39.<br><span class="bld">e</span> [[stake]] on which criminals were impaled, Alex.222.10.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[bench]], [[table]], esp. [[money-changer's table]], D.45.33.<br><span class="bld">5</span> [[πρῶτον ξύλον]] = [[front]] [[bench]] in the [[Athenian]] [[theatre]], Ar.''Ach.''25, ''V.''90, cf. Sch.adlocc.: hence [[οὑπὶ τῶν ξύλων]] = the [[official]] who had to [[take care of]] the [[seat]]s, Hermipp.9 (according to Meineke).<br><span class="bld">6</span> the [[Hippocratic]] [[bench]], Hp.''Fract.''13, ''Art.''72.<br><span class="bld">III</span> of live wood, [[tree]], [ὄρος] δασὺ πολλοῖς καὶ παντοδαποῖς καὶ μεγάλοις ξύλοις X.''An.''6.4.5, cf. Call.''Cer.''41, Agatharch.55, [[LXX]] ''Ca.''2.3, al.: opp. [[σάρξ]], Thphr.''HP''1.2.6,al.; τῷ ξ. τοῦ δένδρου ἀνάλογον τὴν λεγομένην εἶναι γῆν Plot.6.7.11; τὸ ξύλον τῆς ἀμπέλου E.''Cyc.''572; <b class="b3">εἴρια ἀπὸ ξύλου</b>, of [[cotton]], Hdt.3.47; εἵματα ἀπὸ ξύλων πεποιημένα Id.7.65, cf.Poll.7.75.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> of persons, [[blockhead]], APl.4.187; of a [[stubborn]] person, σίδηρός τις ἢ ξύλον πρὸς τὰς δεήσεις Ach.Tat.5.22.<br><span class="bld">V</span> a [[measure]] of [[length]], = 3 (also 2 2/3) | |Definition=[ῠ], τό (pl. spelt<br><span class="bld">A</span> ξύλεα Abh. Berl. Akad. 1928(6).32 (Cos, v B. C.)), [[wood]] cut and ready for use, [[firewood]], [[timber]], etc., Hom., mostly in plural, Il.8.507,547, Od.14.418; [[ξύλα νήϊα]] = [[ship-timber]], Hes.''Op.'' 808; ξύλα ναυπηγήσιμα Th.7.25, X.''An.''6.4.4, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''706b, D.17.28; [[ξύλα τετράγωνα]] = [[log]]s [[cut]] [[square]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.186, cf. Pl.''Prt.''325d, [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Nicomachean Ethics|EN]]'' 1109b7.<br><span class="bld">2</span> in plural, also, the [[wood-market]], ἐπὶ ξύλα [[ἰέναι]] Ar.''Fr.'' 403.<br><span class="bld">II</span> in sg., [[piece of wood]], [[log]], [[beam]], [[post]], once in Hom., ξύλον αὖον… ἢ δρυὸς ἢ πεύκης Il.23.327; [[ξύλον σύκινον]] = [[spoon]] made of [[fig]] [[wood]], Pl.''Hp.Ma.''291c; [[peg]] or [[lever]], Arist.''MA''701b9; [[perch]], ἐπὶ ξύλου [[καθεύδειν]] Ar.''Nu.''1431: by ''poet.'' [[periphrasis]], Ἀργοῦς ξύλον A.''Fr.''20; <b class="b3">ἵπποιο κακὸν ξύλον</b>, of the [[Trojan horse]], ''AP''9.152 (Agath.): hence anything made of wood, as,<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[cudgel]], [[club]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.63,4.180, Ar.''Lys.''357, ''PHal.''1.187 (iii B.C.); μετὰ ξύλων εἰσπηδῆσαι ''PTeb.''304.10 (ii A.D.); ξύλοις [[συντρίβω|συντρίψειν]] Luc.''Demon.''50; of the [[club]] of [[Heracles]], Plu.''Lyc.''30.<br><span class="bld">3</span> an [[instrument]] of [[punishment]],<br><span class="bld">a</span> [[wooden collar]], put on the [[neck]] of the [[prisoner]], ξύλῳ [[φιμόω|φιμοῦν]] τὸν αὐχένα Ar.''Nu.''592; ἐς τετρημένον ξ. ἐγκαθαρμόσαι… τὸν αὐχένα Id.''Lys.''680; or,<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[stock]]s, in which the feet were [[confine]]d, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]9.37, 6.75, [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Knights|Eq.]]''367, D.18.129; ξ. [[ἐφέλκειν]] Polyzel.3; ἐν τῷ ξ. δεδέσθαι Lys.10.16 (v. [[ποδοκάκκη]]), cf. ''Act.Ap.''16.24, ''OGI''483.181 (Pergam., ii A.D.): also in plural, ἔδησεν ἐν τοῖς ξ. And.1.45.<br><span class="bld">c</span> [[πεντεσύριγγος|πεντεσύριγγον]] ξύλον = [[pillory]] (v. sub voc.) was a combination of both, with holes for the neck, arms, and legs, [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Knights|Eq.]]''1049.<br><span class="bld">d</span> [[gallows]], κρεμάσαι τινὰ ἐπὶ ξύλου [[LXX]] ''De.''21.22; [[ξύλον δίδυμον]] = ib.''Jo.''8.29: [[proverb|prov.]], [[ἐξ ἀξίου τοῦ ξύλου κἂν ἀπάγξασθαι]], i.e. [[if one must be hanged, at least let it be on a noble tree]], ''App.Prov.''2.67, cf. Ar.''Ra.''736; in [[NT]], of the [[cross]], Act.Ap.5.30,10.39.<br><span class="bld">e</span> [[stake]] on which criminals were impaled, Alex.222.10.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[bench]], [[table]], esp. [[money-changer's table]], D.45.33.<br><span class="bld">5</span> [[πρῶτον ξύλον]] = [[front]] [[bench]] in the [[Athenian]] [[theatre]], [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[Acharnians|Ach.]]''25, ''V.''90, cf. Sch.adlocc.: hence [[οὑπὶ τῶν ξύλων]] = the [[official]] who had to [[take care of]] the [[seat]]s, Hermipp.9 (according to Meineke).<br><span class="bld">6</span> the [[Hippocratic]] [[bench]], Hp.''Fract.''13, ''Art.''72.<br><span class="bld">III</span> of live wood, [[tree]], [ὄρος] δασὺ πολλοῖς καὶ παντοδαποῖς καὶ μεγάλοις ξύλοις X.''An.''6.4.5, cf. Call.''Cer.''41, Agatharch.55, [[LXX]] ''Ca.''2.3, al.: opp. [[σάρξ]], Thphr.''HP''1.2.6,al.; τῷ ξ. τοῦ δένδρου ἀνάλογον τὴν λεγομένην εἶναι γῆν Plot.6.7.11; τὸ ξύλον τῆς ἀμπέλου E.''Cyc.''572; <b class="b3">εἴρια ἀπὸ ξύλου</b>, of [[cotton]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.47; εἵματα ἀπὸ ξύλων πεποιημένα Id.7.65, cf.Poll.7.75.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> of persons, [[blockhead]], APl.4.187; of a [[stubborn]] person, σίδηρός τις ἢ ξύλον πρὸς τὰς δεήσεις Ach.Tat.5.22.<br><span class="bld">V</span> [[xylon]], a [[measure]] of [[length]], = 3 (also 2 2/3) [[cubit]]s, the side of the [[ναύβιον]], Hero ''*Geom''.23.4,11, ''[[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|POxy.]]''669.11,28 (iii A.D.), 1053 (vi/vii A.D.). | ||
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|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-0281.png Seite 281]] τό, das [[Holz]] (von [[ξύω]]), das abgehauen ist, zum Verbrennen oder zu anderer Benutzung für den Haus- und Schiffbau; ὑπὸ δὲ ξύλα κάγκανα κεῖται, Il. 21, 364; ὑπὸ δὲ ξύλα δαῖον, Il. 18, 347; oft so im plur., κέασε ξύλα νηλέϊ χαλκῷ, Od. 14, 418; nur einmal bei Hom. im singul., Il. 23, 327; [[ξύλον]] ξύλῳ ποτίκολλον, Pind. frg. 280; ἐν τομῇ ξύλου, Soph. Tr. 697; ξύλα νήϊα, Schiffbauholz, Hes. O. 810, vgl. [[νήϊος]]; ναυπηγήσιμα, Plat. Legg. IV, 706 b; ξύλα τετράγωνα, Balken, Her. 1, 186. Ganz allgemein, καὶ λίθῳ καὶ ξύλῳ καὶ ἀνθρώπῳ, Plat. Hipp. mai. 291 c; λίθους καὶ ξύλα Gorg. 468 a. – | |ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-0281.png Seite 281]] τό, das [[Holz]] (von [[ξύω]]), das abgehauen ist, zum Verbrennen oder zu anderer Benutzung für den Haus- und Schiffbau; ὑπὸ δὲ ξύλα κάγκανα κεῖται, Il. 21, 364; ὑπὸ δὲ ξύλα δαῖον, Il. 18, 347; oft so im plur., κέασε ξύλα νηλέϊ χαλκῷ, Od. 14, 418; nur einmal bei Hom. im singul., Il. 23, 327; [[ξύλον]] ξύλῳ ποτίκολλον, Pind. frg. 280; ἐν τομῇ ξύλου, Soph. Tr. 697; ξύλα νήϊα, Schiffbauholz, Hes. O. 810, vgl. [[νήϊος]]; ναυπηγήσιμα, Plat. Legg. IV, 706 b; ξύλα τετράγωνα, Balken, Her. 1, 186. Ganz allgemein, καὶ λίθῳ καὶ ξύλῳ καὶ ἀνθρώπῳ, Plat. Hipp. mai. 291 c; λίθους καὶ ξύλα Gorg. 468 a. – Übh. alles aus Holz Gemachte, Stock, Knittel, Her. 2, 63. 4, 180, wie Sp., Pol. 6, 36, 3; Plut. vom Herakles [[δέρμα]] καὶ [[ξύλον]] ἔχων, Lycurg. 30; ξύλοις συντρίψειν, Luc. Demon. 50. – Besond. ein bei Sklaven gebrauchtes Zwangs-und Strafwerkzeug, in welches der Hals oder die Füße eingespannt wurden, τετρημένον, Ar. Lys. 680; ξύλῳ δῆσαί τινα, auch ἐν ξύλῳ, Equ. 367. 702; Her. 9, 37; Andoc. 1, 45; ἐν ξύλῳ δεδέσθαι, Lys. 10, 16, mit [[ποδοκάκη]] zusammen; Folgde; ξύλῳ φιμοῦν τὸν αὐχένα, Ar. Ran. 716; auch Wahnsinnige oder Tolle wurden in dies Holz gesteckt, Her. 6, 75. – Πρῶτον [[ξύλον]] ist im athenischen Theater die vorderste, unterste Sitzbank; denn die Sitze waren vor Alters von Holz, der Name blieb aber auch in dem von Stein gebau'ten Theater; es saßen die Prytanen und Magistrate darauf, Ar. Ach. 25 Vesp. 90. – Vom Kreuz, an das die Verbrecher geheftet werden, [[NT|N.T.]]; vgl. auch Alexis bei Ath. IV, 134 a. – Von lebendigem Holze, der Baum, bei alexandrinischen Dichtern, Callim. u. A. Doch nennt Her. 3, 47 die Baumwolle schon εἴρια ἀπὸ ξύλου; vgl. Poll. 7, 75. Oefters der Baumwollenbaum bei Sp.; εἵματα ἀπὸ ξύλων bei Her. 7, 65 scheinen Kleider aus Bast, [[βίβλος]] zu sein. – Übertr., ein hölzerner, stumpfsinniger Mensch, s. Iac. Ach. Tat. p. 815. – Auch ein bestimmtes Längenmaaß hieß so, = 3 πήχεις, 4½ Fuß, Mathem. vett. | ||
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|elrutext='''ξύλον:''' (ῠ) τό [[ξύω]] и [[ξέω]]<br /><b class="num">1</b> pl. [[срубленный лес]], [[бревна]]: ξύλα νήϊα Hes. или ναυπηγήσιμα Thuc. корабельный лес; ξύλα τετράγωνα Her. четырехгранные бревна, балки;<br /><b class="num">2</b> pl. [[поленья]], [[дрова]] (ξύλα κάγκανα Hom.);<br /><b class="num">3</b> [[пень]] или [[столб]] (ξ. ἢ δρυὸς ἢ πεύκης Hom.);<br /><b class="num">4</b> [[деревянное сооружение]]: Ἀργοῦς ξ. Aesch. корабль Арго; ἵπποιο ξ. Anth. (Троянский) деревянный конь;<br /><b class="num">5</b> [[дубинка]], [[палица]], [[палка]] (ἔχοντες ξύλα Her.; μετὰ μαχαιρῶν καὶ ξύλων NT);<br /><b class="num">6</b> [[шейная или ножная колодка]] (ξ. σιδηρόδετον Her.; ἐν τῷ ξύλῳ δεδέσθαι Lys.): ξύλῳ φιμοῦν или ἐς [[ξύλον]] ἐγκαθαρμόσαι τὸν αὐχένα Arph. надеть на шею колодку;<br /><b class="num">7</b> [[скамья]]: [[πρῶτον]] ξ. Arph. первая скамья (в афинском театре, предназначавшаяся для πρυτάνεις);<br /><b class="num">8</b> [[стол менялы]] Dem.;<br /><b class="num">9</b> [[дерево]] ([[ὄρος]] δασὺ παντοδαποῖς ξύλοις Xen.; ξ. τῆς ζωῆς NT): τὸ ξ. τῆς ἀμπέλου Eur. виноградная лоза; εἴρια ἀπὸ ξύλου Her. древесная шерсть, т. е. хлопок; εἵματα ἀπὸ ξύλων Her. предполож. одежды из древесной коры или луба;<br /><b class="num">10</b> NT = [[σταυρός]];<br /><b class="num">11</b> [[ксил]] (мера длины = 1.39 м). | |elrutext='''ξύλον:''' (ῠ) τό [[ξύω]] и [[ξέω]]<br /><b class="num">1</b> pl. [[срубленный лес]], [[бревна]]: ξύλα νήϊα Hes. или ναυπηγήσιμα Thuc. корабельный лес; ξύλα τετράγωνα Her. четырехгранные бревна, балки;<br /><b class="num">2</b> pl. [[поленья]], [[дрова]] (ξύλα κάγκανα Hom.);<br /><b class="num">3</b> [[пень]] или [[столб]] (ξ. ἢ δρυὸς ἢ πεύκης Hom.);<br /><b class="num">4</b> [[деревянное сооружение]]: Ἀργοῦς ξ. Aesch. корабль Арго; ἵπποιο ξ. Anth. (Троянский) деревянный конь;<br /><b class="num">5</b> [[дубинка]], [[палица]], [[палка]] (ἔχοντες ξύλα Her.; μετὰ μαχαιρῶν καὶ ξύλων NT);<br /><b class="num">6</b> [[шейная]] или [[ножная колодка]] (ξ. σιδηρόδετον Her.; ἐν τῷ ξύλῳ δεδέσθαι Lys.): ξύλῳ φιμοῦν или ἐς [[ξύλον]] ἐγκαθαρμόσαι τὸν αὐχένα Arph. надеть на шею колодку;<br /><b class="num">7</b> [[скамья]]: [[πρῶτον]] ξ. Arph. первая скамья (в афинском театре, предназначавшаяся для πρυτάνεις);<br /><b class="num">8</b> [[стол менялы]] Dem.;<br /><b class="num">9</b> [[дерево]] ([[ὄρος]] δασὺ παντοδαποῖς ξύλοις Xen.; ξ. τῆς ζωῆς NT): τὸ ξ. τῆς ἀμπέλου Eur. виноградная лоза; εἴρια ἀπὸ ξύλου Her. древесная шерсть, т. е. хлопок; εἵματα ἀπὸ ξύλων Her. предполож. одежды из древесной коры или луба;<br /><b class="num">10</b> NT = [[σταυρός]];<br /><b class="num">11</b> [[ксил]] (мера длины = 1.39 м). | ||
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|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[wood]], [[construction-wood | |etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[wood]], [[construction]]-[[wood]]-, [[firewood]], [[tree]], [[beam]], [[stick]], [[foot]]-, [[neckblock]], [[banc]], [[table]] (Il.); also as length-measure = the side of the [[ναύβιον]] (Hero Geom., pap.).<br />Compounds: Very many compp., e.g. [[ξυλουργός]] ([[ξυλοργός]], [[ξυλεργός]]) m. [[carpenter]] with <b class="b3">-έω</b>, <b class="b3">-ία</b>, [[ξυλικός]] (IA.; cf. on [[δημιουργός]]); [[μονόξυλος]] [[made from one piece of wood]], of [[πλοῖον]] a.o. (IA.). On [[ξύλοχος]] s. v.<br />Derivatives: 1. Dimin.: [[ξυλάριον]] [[small piece of wood]] (LXX, pap. a.o.), [[ξυλήφιον]] [[piece of wood]] (Hp., hell.), <b class="b3">ξυλάφιον</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Eust.; on [[ξυλήφιον]], [[ξυλάφιον]] Wackernagel Glotta 4, 243 f. [Kl. Schr. 2, 1200f.]); [[ξύλιον]] [[piece of wood]] (pap. IVp). Further subst.: 2. [[ξυλεύς]] m. [[woodcutter]], name of a sacrificial attendant in Olympia (inscr. Ia, Paus., H.) with [[ξυλεύω]], [[ξυλεύομαι]] = [[fetch wood]] (hell. inscr., Men., H.), [[ξυλεία]] f. [[fetching wood]], [[store of wood]], [[construction-wood]] (Plb., Str., pap.); Bosshardt 75; 3. <b class="b3">ξυλίτης ἰχθῦς ποιός</b> H. (explan. in Strömberg Fischnamen 25); <b class="b3">-ῖτις</b> ([[γῆ]], [[χέρσος]]) f. [[shrub-coutry]] (pap.; Redard 109 w. n.); 4. [[ξυλών]], <b class="b3">ξυλῶνος</b> m. [[place for wood]] (Delos III--IIa). Adj. 1. [[ξύλινος]] [[of wood]], [[wooden]] (Pi., B., IA.), 2. <b class="b3">ξυλικός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Arist.) with [[ξυλικάριος]] <b class="b2">woodhandler (?)</b> (Korykos; from Lat. -ārius), 3. <b class="b3">-ηρός</b> [[regarding wood]] (Delos IIIa), <b class="b3">-ηρά</b> f. [[woodzmarket]]? (pap. Ip), 4. <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> [[woodlike]], -[[coloured]] (Hp., Arist., Thphr.). Verbs. 1. <b class="b3">ξυλ-ίζομαι</b> [[fetch wood]] (X., Plu.) with <b class="b3">ξυλισμός</b> [[fetching wood]] (Str., D.H.), <b class="b3">-ιστής</b> who fetches [[wood]] (sch.); 2. <b class="b3">ξυλ-όομαι</b>, <b class="b3">ξυλόω</b> [[become wood]], [[make]], [[make of wood]] (Thphr., LXX) with <b class="b3">-ωσις</b> f. [[woodwork]] (Th., hell. inscr.), <b class="b3">-ωμα</b>, <b class="b3">ξυλωμάτιον</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Delos IIIa a.o.); 3. <b class="b3">ξυλεύω</b>, s. above on [[ξυλεύς]].<br />Etymology: With [[ξύλον]] (from where on younger Att. vases [[σύλον]], [[σύλινος]]; Schwyzer 211) agrees Lith. <b class="b2">šùlas</b> [[(bucket-]], [[ton-) stave]], [[stander, pillar]], if from IE <b class="b2">*ḱsulo-</b>; besides, in vokalism deviating, several Slav. forms, e.g. Russ. <b class="b2">šúlo</b> n. [[garden-pole]], Scr. [[šûlj]] m. [[block]] (IE <b class="b2">*ḱseulo-</b>?). Similarly with [[ū]] and anlaut. [[s-]], Germ., e.g. OHG [[sūl]] f. [[style]], [[pole]], with [[au]] (IE [[ou]]?) Goth. [[sauls]] [[pillar]]. The relation between the Slav., Balt. and Germ. words has been amply discussed but hardly explained; s. Vasmer and Fraenkel s. vv. with ric lit. and further forms. Older lit. also in Bq, WP. 2, 503 f. and W.-Hofmann s. [[silva]]. Mann Slavon. Rev. 37, 134 still adduces Alb. [[shul]] [[bar]], [[nail]], [[siphon]]. -- Original connection with [[ξύω]] (e.g. Fick 3, 446, also as supposition Schwyzer 329) is not probable, secondary influence (Chantraine Form. 240) well acceptable. | ||
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|ftr='''ξύλον''': {ksúlon}<br />'''Grammar''': n.<br />'''Meaning''': ‘Holz, Bau-, Brennholz, Baum, Balken, Stock, Fuß-, Halsblock, Bank, Tisch’ (seit Il.); auch als Längenmaß = | |ftr='''ξύλον''': {ksúlon}<br />'''Grammar''': n.<br />'''Meaning''': ‘Holz, Bau-, Brennholz, Baum, Balken, Stock, Fuß-, Halsblock, Bank, Tisch’ (seit Il.); auch als Längenmaß = die Seite des [[ναύβιον]] (Hero Geom., Pap.).<br />'''Composita''': Sehr zahlreiche Kompp., z.B. [[ξυλουργός]] (-οργός, -εργός) m. [[Holzarbeiter]], [[Zimmermann]] mit -έω, -ία, -ικός (ion. att.; vgl. zu [[δημιουργός]]); [[μονόξυλος]] [[aus einem Stück Holz gemacht]], von [[πλοῖον]] u.a. (ion. att.). Zu [[ξύλοχος]] s. bes.<br />'''Derivative''': Ableitungen. 1. Deminutiva: [[ξυλάριον]] [[Hölzchen]] (LXX, Pap. u.a.), -ήφιον [[Holzstück]] (Hp., hell.), -άφιον ib. (Eust.; zu -ήφιον, -άφιον Wackernagel Glotta 4, 243 f. [Kl. Schr. 2, 1200f.]); [[ξύλιον]] [[Holzblock]] (Pap. IV<sup>p</sup>). Übrige Subst.: 2. [[ξυλεύς]] m. [[Holzholer]], N. eines Opferdieners in Olympia (Inschr. I<sup>a</sup>, Paus., H.) nnt -εύω, -εύομαι [[Holz holen]] (hell. Inschr., Men., H.), -εία f. [[das Holzholen]], [[Holzvorrat]], [[Bauholz]] (Plb., Str., Pap. u. a.); Bosshardt 75; 3. [[ξυλίτης]]· [[ἰχθῦς]] [[ποιός]] H. (tastende Erklärungsversuche bei Strömberg Fischnamen 25); -ῖτις (γῆ, [[χέρσος]]) f. [[Strauchland]] (Pap.; Redard 109 m. A.); 4. [[ξυλών]], -ῶνος m. ‘Holzschup- pen’ (Delos III—II<sup>a</sup>). Adj. 1. [[ξύλινος]] [[von Holz]], [[hölzern]] (Pi., B., ion. att.), 2. -ικός ib. (Arist. usw.) mit -ικάριος ‘Holzhändler (?)’ (Korykos; aus lat. -''ārius''), 3. -ηρός [[Holz betreffend]] (Delos III<sup>a</sup>), -ηρά f. [[Holzmarkt]]? (Pap. I<sup>p</sup>), 4. -ώδης ‘holzartig, -farben’ (Hp., Arist., Thphr.). Verba. 1. [[ξυλίζομαι]] [[Holz holen]] (X., Plu. u.a.) mit -ισμός [[das Holzholen]] (Str., D.H.), -ιστής [[Holzholer]] (Sch.); 2. ξυλόομαι, -όω [[zu Holz werden]], [[machen]], [[von Holz machen]] (Thphr., [[LXX]] usw.) mit -ωσις f. [[Holzwerk]] (Th., hell. Inschr. u.a.), -ωμα, -ωμάτιον ib. (Delos III<sup>a</sup> u.a.); 3. [[ξυλεύω]], s. oben zu [[ξυλεύς]].<br />'''Etymology''': Zu [[ξύλον]] (woraus auf jüngeren att. Vasen σύλον, σύλινος; Schwyzer 211 m. Lit.) stimmt lit. ''šùlas'' ‘(Eimer-, Tonnen-) Stab, Ständer, Pfeiler’, wenn aus idg. *''ḱsulo''-; daneben, im Vokal abweichend, mehrere slav. Formen, z.B. russ. ''šúlo'' n. [[Zaunpfahl]], skr. ''šûlj'' m. [[Block]] (idg. *''ḱseulo''-?). Ähnlich mit ''ū'' und anlaut. ''s''-, germ., z.B. ahd. ''sūl'' f. [[Pfosten]], [[Säule]], mit ''au'' (idg. ''ou''?) got. ''sauls'' [[Säule]]. Wie sich die slav., balt. und germ. Wörter zueinander verhalten, ist lebhaft diskutiert worden und kaum. endgültig aufgeklärt; s. Vasmer und Fraenkel s. vv. mit reicher Lit. und weiteren Formen. Ältere Lit. auch bei Bq, WP. 2, 503 f. und W.-Hofmann s. ''silva''. Mann Slavon. Rev. 37, 134 zieht noch heran alb. ''shul'' [[Stange]], [[Nagel]], [[Hebel]]. — Ursprüngliche Verbindung mit [[ξύω]] (z.B. Fick 3, 446, auch als [[Vermutung]] Schwyzer 329) ist nicht glaubhaft, sekundäre Beeinflussung (Chantraine Form. 240) gut denkbar.<br />'''Page''' 2,338-339 | ||
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|esmgtx=τό 1 [[madera]] a) para tallar: una imagen de un dios ἔστιν ἐπιθεῖναι τῇ τραπέζῃ ὑπόκενον Ἀπόλλωνα ἐν ξύλῳ δάφνης <b class="b3">hay que poner sobre la mesa una imagen de Apolo hueca en madera de laurel</b> P III 295 ἔχει δὲ καὶ πρᾶξις πάρεδρον, ὅς γίνεται ἐκ μορέας ξύλου· γίνεται δὲ Ἔρως πτερωτὸς χλαμύδα ἔχων <b class="b3">tiene la práctica un asesor, que se hace con leña de moral: es un Eros alado con clámide</b> P IV 1842 una imagen de un animal λαβὼν ξ. ἐλάϊνον ποίησον κυνοκε<φά>λιον καθήμενον <b class="b3">toma madera de olivo y haz un pequeño papión sentado</b> P VIII 53 un martillo λαβὼν πανουργικὸν ξ. γλύψον σφῦραν καὶ ἐν ταύτῃ κροῦε εἰς τὸ οὐ<τάτιον> λέγων τὸν λόγον <b class="b3">toma madera de un patíbulo, talla un martillo y golpea con él en el ojo mientras dices la fórmula</b> P V 73 b) para hacer un altar ποίησον κέρατα δʹ, ἐφ' οἷς ἐπιτίθης ξύλα κάρπιμα <b class="b3">haz cuatro cuernos, sobre los que has de colocar madera de árboles frutales</b> P XII 29 ποιήσας ἐπὶ τῷ βόθρῳ βωμὸν ἐκ ξύλων καρπίμων <b class="b3">construye sobre el hoyo un altar con madera de árboles frutales</b> P XII 212 c) para hacer una mesa αὔτοπτον θὲς τρίποδα καὶ τράπεζαν ἐλάϊνον ἢ ἐκ ξύλου δαφνῶν <b class="b3">en una práctica de visión directa coloca un trípode y una mesa de madera de olivo o de laurel</b> P III 292 d) para quemar: de olivo ποίησον ἐπὶ δύο πλίνθων ἐπὶ κροτάφων ἑστηκυϊῶν ἐκ ξύλων ἐλαΐνων, τουτέστιν κληματίδος, πυράν <b class="b3">sobre dos ladrillos puestos de lado, haz una hoguera con madera de olivo, esto es, con una ramita</b> P IV 31 de sauce τὰ σπλάγχνα ἀποπυρίσας ἐπὶ ξύλοις ἰτεΐνοις οὕτω κατάφαγε <b class="b3">asa las entrañas sobre maderas de sauce y así cómetelas</b> P IV 2397 de enebro ἐπίθυε δὲ μᾶλλον ἐπὶ ξύλων ἀρκευθίνων στύρακα Κρητικόν <b class="b3">quema mejor resina cretense sobre leños de enebro</b> P IV 2641 ξύλοις τε τοῖς ἀρκευθίνοις φλόγας πυρὸς βαλοῦσα <b class="b3">alimentando las llamas del fuego con leños de enebro</b> P IV 2588 P IV 2654 de ciprés παράθες εἰς τὴν θυσίαν ξύλα κυπαρίσσινα ἢ ὀποβαλσάμινα <b class="b3">prepara para la ofrenda leños de ciprés o del árbol del bálsamo</b> P XIII 364 2 [[sarmientos]] de vid, para realizar una ofrenda o una libación εἰς ἀμπέλινα ξύλα σπείσας οἶνον ἢ ζύτον ἢ μέλι ἢ γάλα <b class="b3">tras haber derramado vino, cerveza, miel o leche sobre sarmientos de vid</b> P IV 907 ποίει κολλούρια καὶ ἐπίθυε πρὸς τὸν ἀστέρα ἐπὶ ἀμπελίνων ξύλων ἢ ἀνθράκων <b class="b3">haz unas píldoras y ofrécelas ante la estrella sobre sarmientos de vid o sobre carbones</b> P IV 2895 P V 232 P VII 544 P XXXVI 296 3 [[tallo]] de col λαβὼν κοκκυμήλου καρδίας, ξ. κράμβης, ἐρεβίνθιον <b class="b3">toma del corazón de un ciruelo, un tallo de col, un garbanzo</b> SM 96A 63 | |esmgtx=τό 1 [[madera]] a) para tallar: una imagen de un dios ἔστιν ἐπιθεῖναι τῇ τραπέζῃ ὑπόκενον Ἀπόλλωνα ἐν ξύλῳ δάφνης <b class="b3">hay que poner sobre la mesa una imagen de Apolo hueca en madera de laurel</b> P III 295 ἔχει δὲ καὶ πρᾶξις πάρεδρον, ὅς γίνεται ἐκ μορέας ξύλου· γίνεται δὲ Ἔρως πτερωτὸς χλαμύδα ἔχων <b class="b3">tiene la práctica un asesor, que se hace con leña de moral: es un Eros alado con clámide</b> P IV 1842 una imagen de un animal λαβὼν ξ. ἐλάϊνον ποίησον κυνοκε<φά>λιον καθήμενον <b class="b3">toma madera de olivo y haz un pequeño papión sentado</b> P VIII 53 un martillo λαβὼν πανουργικὸν ξ. γλύψον σφῦραν καὶ ἐν ταύτῃ κροῦε εἰς τὸ οὐ<τάτιον> λέγων τὸν λόγον <b class="b3">toma madera de un patíbulo, talla un martillo y golpea con él en el ojo mientras dices la fórmula</b> P V 73 b) para hacer un altar ποίησον κέρατα δʹ, ἐφ' οἷς ἐπιτίθης ξύλα κάρπιμα <b class="b3">haz cuatro cuernos, sobre los que has de colocar madera de árboles frutales</b> P XII 29 ποιήσας ἐπὶ τῷ βόθρῳ βωμὸν ἐκ ξύλων καρπίμων <b class="b3">construye sobre el hoyo un altar con madera de árboles frutales</b> P XII 212 c) para hacer una mesa αὔτοπτον θὲς τρίποδα καὶ τράπεζαν ἐλάϊνον ἢ ἐκ ξύλου δαφνῶν <b class="b3">en una práctica de visión directa coloca un trípode y una mesa de madera de olivo o de laurel</b> P III 292 d) para quemar: de olivo ποίησον ἐπὶ δύο πλίνθων ἐπὶ κροτάφων ἑστηκυϊῶν ἐκ ξύλων ἐλαΐνων, τουτέστιν κληματίδος, πυράν <b class="b3">sobre dos ladrillos puestos de lado, haz una hoguera con madera de olivo, esto es, con una ramita</b> P IV 31 de sauce τὰ σπλάγχνα ἀποπυρίσας ἐπὶ ξύλοις ἰτεΐνοις οὕτω κατάφαγε <b class="b3">asa las entrañas sobre maderas de sauce y así cómetelas</b> P IV 2397 de enebro ἐπίθυε δὲ μᾶλλον ἐπὶ ξύλων ἀρκευθίνων στύρακα Κρητικόν <b class="b3">quema mejor resina cretense sobre leños de enebro</b> P IV 2641 ξύλοις τε τοῖς ἀρκευθίνοις φλόγας πυρὸς βαλοῦσα <b class="b3">alimentando las llamas del fuego con leños de enebro</b> P IV 2588 P IV 2654 de ciprés παράθες εἰς τὴν θυσίαν ξύλα κυπαρίσσινα ἢ ὀποβαλσάμινα <b class="b3">prepara para la ofrenda leños de ciprés o del árbol del bálsamo</b> P XIII 364 2 [[sarmientos]] de vid, para realizar una ofrenda o una libación εἰς ἀμπέλινα ξύλα σπείσας οἶνον ἢ ζύτον ἢ μέλι ἢ γάλα <b class="b3">tras haber derramado vino, cerveza, miel o leche sobre sarmientos de vid</b> P IV 907 ποίει κολλούρια καὶ ἐπίθυε πρὸς τὸν ἀστέρα ἐπὶ ἀμπελίνων ξύλων ἢ ἀνθράκων <b class="b3">haz unas píldoras y ofrécelas ante la estrella sobre sarmientos de vid o sobre carbones</b> P IV 2895 P V 232 P VII 544 P XXXVI 296 3 [[tallo]] de col λαβὼν κοκκυμήλου καρδίας, ξ. κράμβης, ἐρεβίνθιον <b class="b3">toma del corazón de un ciruelo, un tallo de col, un garbanzo</b> SM 96A 63 | ||
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{{lxth | |||
|lthtxt=''[[lignum]]'', [[wood]], [[timber]], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:4.100.2/ 4.100.2],<br>PLUR. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:2.75.2/ 2.75.2], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:Thuc.%202.75.5/ 2.75.5]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:Thuc.%202.75.5/ 2.75.5][https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:4.3.2/ 4.3.2], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:4.11.4/ 4.11.4], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:4.13.1/ 4.13.1], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:4.52.3/ 4.52.3]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:4.100.3/ 4.100.3]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:4.108.1/ 4.108.1], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:6.66.2/ 6.66.2]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:6.90.3/ 6.90.3], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:6.99.1/ 6.99.1]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:6.101.3/ 6.101.3], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:6.102.2/ 6.102.2]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:7.25.2/ 7.25.2], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:8.1.3/ 8.1.3],<br><i>item</i> <i>likewise</i> [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:Thuc.%208.4.1/ 8.4.1]. | |||
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{{trml | {{trml | ||
|trtx====[[wood]]=== | |trtx====[[wood]]=== | ||
Abkhaz: амҿымаҭәахә; Afar: baho; Afrikaans: hout; Ahom: 𑜉𑜩; Aiton: မႝ; Alabama: itto; Albanian: dru; Amharic: እንጨት; Apache Western Apache: chizh; Arabic: خَشَب; Egyptian Arabic: خشب; Armenian: փայտ; Aromanian: lemnu; Assamese: কাঠ; Asturian: madera; Avar: цӏцӏул; Azerbaijani: ağac, oduncaq; Baluchi: دار; Bashkir: утын, үҙағас; Basque: zur; Belarusian: дрэва, драўні́на; Bengali: কাঠ; Blackfoot: mĭstcĭs; Breton: koad; Bulgarian: дърво, дървесина; Burmese: သစ်; Catalan: fusta; Chechen: дечиг; Cherokee: ᎠᏓ; Chickasaw: itti'; Chinese Cantonese: 木; Mandarin: 木, 木材, 木頭, 木头, 木料; Classical Tibetan: ཤིང་; Coptic: ϣⲉ; Crimean Tatar: taqta; Czech: dřevo; Dalmatian: lanc; Danish: træ, ved; Dutch: [[hout]]; Dzongkha: ཤིང; Esperanto: ligno; Estonian: puit, puu; Even: мо̄; Evenki: мо̄; Faroese: viður, træ; Finnish: puu; French: [[bois]]; Friulian: len; Galician: madeira, fuste; Gallo: boueil; Georgian: ხე, მერქანი; German: [[Holz]]; Greek: [[ξύλο]], [[ξυλεία]]; Ancient Greek: [[ξύλον]]; Guaraní: yvyra; Gujarati: લાકડું; Hausa: ice; Haitian Creole: bwa; Hawaiian: lāʻau; Hebrew: עֵץ, קֶרֶשׁ; Higaonon: kayo; Hindi: लकड़ी, काठ, काष्ठ; Hopi: koho; Hungarian: fa; Hunsrik: Hols; Icelandic: viður; Ilocano: kayo; Indonesian: kayu; Ingush: дахча; Interlingua: ligno; Irish: adhmad; Istriot: lìgno; Italian: [[legno]]; Japanese: 木, 木材; Kapampangan: dutung; Karakhanid: يِغَجْ; Kazakh: ағаш; Khmer: ឈើ; Korean: 나무, 목재(木材); Kurdish Central Kurdish: دار, چێو; Laki: چوو; Northern Kurdish: dar; Kyrgyz: жыгач; Ladin: legn, lën; Lakota: čháŋ; Lao: ໄມ້; Latgalian: kūks, kūkna; Latin: [[lignum]]; Latvian: koks, koksne; Lithuanian: medis; Livonian: pū; Lombard: legn; Luxembourgish: Holz; Lü: ᦺᦙᧉ; Macedonian: дрво; Malagasy: hazo; Malay: kayu; Manchu: ᠮᠣᠣ; Mansaka: kaoy; Manx: aamaid; Maranao: kayo; Marathi: लाकूड; Maricopa: 'ii; Middle Persian: 𐭰𐭥𐭯; Mingo: úwẽ'kææ', uyêta'; Mohawk: oyente; Mon: ဆု; Mongolian: мод; Mòcheno: holz; Nauruan: edabwike; Navajo: tsin; Nepali: काठ; Ngazidja Comorian: mri; Nogai: агаш; Northern Thai: ᨾᩱ᩶; Norwegian: tre, treverk, ved; Occitan: fusta; Ojibwe: mitig; Old English: holt; Old Turkic: 𐰃𐰍𐰲; Oriya: କାଠ; Ossetian: хъӕд; Panamint: huuppin; Pashto: لرګی; Pennsylvania German: Hols; Persian: چوب; Piedmontese: bosch; Plautdietsch: Holt; Polish: drewno; Portuguese: [[madeira]]; Romani: kaśt; Romanian: lemn; Romansch: lain; Russian: [[дерево]], [[древесина]], [[лес]], [[лесоматериал]]; Saek: ไม; Saho: boxo; Sanskrit: काष्ठ, दारु; Sardinian: linna; Scottish Gaelic: fiodh; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: дрво; Roman: drvo; Shan: မႆႉ; Sicilian: lignu; Slovak: drevo; Slovene: les, gozd; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: drjewo; Spanish: [[madera]]; Sranan Tongo: udu; Swedish: trä, ved; Sylheti: ꠇꠣꠑ; Tagalog: kahoy; Tai Dam: ꪼꪣ꫁; Tai Nüa: ᥛᥭᥳ; Tajik: чӯб; Taos: łò'óne; Tatar: агач, үзагач; Thai: ไม้; Tibetan: ཤིང; Tigrinya: ዕንጨይቲ; Tocharian A: or; Tocharian B: or; Tok Pisin: diwai; Tupinambá: ybyrá; Turkish: odun, ağaç; Turkmen: agaç; Tuvan: ыяш; Ugaritic: 𐎓𐎕; Ukrainian: дерево, деревина, ліс; Urdu: لکڑی; Uyghur: ياغاچ; Uzbek: o'tin, yog'och; Venetian: legn, łegno; Vietnamese: gỗ; Vilamovian: hułc; Wageman: guda; Welsh: coed, pren; West Frisian: hout; Yucatec Maya: čeʼ; Yámana: yaku; Zazaki: kolı; Zhuang: faex; Zulu: umuthi, ukhuni | Abkhaz: амҿымаҭәахә; Afar: baho; Afrikaans: hout; Ahom: 𑜉𑜩; Aiton: မႝ; Alabama: itto; Albanian: dru; Amharic: እንጨት; Apache Western Apache: chizh; Arabic: خَشَب; Egyptian Arabic: خشب; Armenian: փայտ; Aromanian: lemnu; Assamese: কাঠ; Asturian: madera; Avar: цӏцӏул; Azerbaijani: ağac, oduncaq; Baluchi: دار; Bashkir: утын, үҙағас; Basque: zur; Belarusian: дрэва, драўні́на; Bengali: কাঠ; Blackfoot: mĭstcĭs; Breton: koad; Bulgarian: дърво, дървесина; Burmese: သစ်; Catalan: fusta; Chechen: дечиг; Cherokee: ᎠᏓ; Chickasaw: itti'; Chinese Cantonese: 木; Mandarin: 木, 木材, 木頭, 木头, 木料; Classical Tibetan: ཤིང་; Coptic: ϣⲉ; Crimean Tatar: taqta; Czech: dřevo; Dalmatian: lanc; Danish: træ, ved; Dutch: [[hout]]; Dzongkha: ཤིང; Esperanto: ligno; Estonian: puit, puu; Even: мо̄; Evenki: мо̄; Faroese: viður, træ; Finnish: puu; French: [[bois]]; Friulian: len; Galician: madeira, fuste; Gallo: boueil; Georgian: ხე, მერქანი; German: [[Holz]]; Greek: [[ξύλο]], [[ξυλεία]]; Ancient Greek: [[ξύλον]]; Guaraní: yvyra; Gujarati: લાકડું; Hausa: ice; Haitian Creole: bwa; Hawaiian: lāʻau; Hebrew: עֵץ, קֶרֶשׁ; Higaonon: kayo; Hindi: लकड़ी, काठ, काष्ठ; Hopi: koho; Hungarian: fa; Hunsrik: Hols; Icelandic: viður; Ilocano: kayo; Indonesian: kayu; Ingush: дахча; Interlingua: ligno; Irish: adhmad; Istriot: lìgno; Italian: [[legno]]; Japanese: 木, 木材; Kapampangan: dutung; Karakhanid: يِغَجْ; Kazakh: ағаш; Khmer: ឈើ; Korean: 나무, 목재(木材); Kurdish Central Kurdish: دار, چێو; Laki: چوو; Northern Kurdish: dar; Kyrgyz: жыгач; Ladin: legn, lën; Lakota: čháŋ; Lao: ໄມ້; Latgalian: kūks, kūkna; Latin: [[lignum]]; Latvian: koks, koksne; Lithuanian: medis; Livonian: pū; Lombard: legn; Luxembourgish: Holz; Lü: ᦺᦙᧉ; Macedonian: дрво; Malagasy: hazo; Malay: kayu; Manchu: ᠮᠣᠣ; Mansaka: kaoy; Manx: aamaid; Maranao: kayo; Marathi: लाकूड; Maricopa: 'ii; Middle Persian: 𐭰𐭥𐭯; Mingo: úwẽ'kææ', uyêta'; Mohawk: oyente; Mon: ဆု; Mongolian: мод; Mòcheno: holz; Nauruan: edabwike; Navajo: tsin; Nepali: काठ; Ngazidja Comorian: mri; Nogai: агаш; Northern Thai: ᨾᩱ᩶; Norwegian: tre, treverk, ved; Occitan: fusta; Ojibwe: mitig; Old English: holt; Old Turkic: 𐰃𐰍𐰲; Oriya: କାଠ; Ossetian: хъӕд; Panamint: huuppin; Pashto: لرګی; Pennsylvania German: Hols; Persian: چوب; Piedmontese: bosch; Plautdietsch: Holt; Polish: drewno; Portuguese: [[madeira]]; Romani: kaśt; Romanian: lemn; Romansch: lain; Russian: [[дерево]], [[древесина]], [[лес]], [[лесоматериал]]; Saek: ไม; Saho: boxo; Sanskrit: काष्ठ, दारु; Sardinian: linna; Scottish Gaelic: fiodh; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: дрво; Roman: drvo; Shan: မႆႉ; Sicilian: lignu; Slovak: drevo; Slovene: les, gozd; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: drjewo; Spanish: [[madera]]; Sranan Tongo: udu; Swedish: trä, ved; Sylheti: ꠇꠣꠑ; Tagalog: kahoy; Tai Dam: ꪼꪣ꫁; Tai Nüa: ᥛᥭᥳ; Tajik: чӯб; Taos: łò'óne; Tatar: агач, үзагач; Thai: ไม้; Tibetan: ཤིང; Tigrinya: ዕንጨይቲ; Tocharian A: or; Tocharian B: or; Tok Pisin: diwai; Tupinambá: ybyrá; Turkish: odun, ağaç; Turkmen: agaç; Tuvan: ыяш; Ugaritic: 𐎓𐎕; Ukrainian: дерево, деревина, ліс; Urdu: لکڑی; Uyghur: ياغاچ; Uzbek: o'tin, yog'och; Venetian: legn, łegno; Vietnamese: gỗ; Vilamovian: hułc; Wageman: guda; Welsh: coed, pren; West Frisian: hout; Yucatec Maya: čeʼ; Yámana: yaku; Zazaki: kolı; Zhuang: faex; Zulu: umuthi, ukhuni | ||
===[[pillory]]=== | |||
Afrikaans: skandpaal; Bulgarian: позорен стъ́лб; Catalan: picota; Chinese Mandarin: 頸手枷, 颈手枷, 頭手迦, 头手迦; Czech: pranýř; Danish: gabestok; Dutch: [[schandpaal]]; Esperanto: punpilorio; Estonian: häbipost; Finnish: häpeäpaalu; French: [[pilori]]; Galician: rollo, picota; German: [[Pranger]], [[Schandpfahl]]; Greek: [[κύφωνας]]; Ancient Greek: [[ξύλον]], [[ξύλον πεντεσύριγγον]], [[κύφων]]; Hungarian: pellengér; Italian: [[gogna]]; Japanese: さらし台; Latin: [[patibulum]]; Lithuanian: gėdos stulpas; Macedonian: срамен столб; Norwegian: gapestokk; Polish: dyby, gąsior; Portuguese: [[pelourinho]]; Russian: [[позорный столб]]; Serbo-Croatian: stup srama, stub srama, stup sramote, prànger; Slovene: sramotilini steber, pranger; Spanish: [[picota]]; Swedish: stupstock, skampåle; Westrobothnian: håk | |||
===[[gallows]]=== | |||
Arabic: مِشْنَقَة; Egyptian Arabic: مشنقة; Armenian: կախաղան; Azerbaijani: dar ağacı; Basque: urkamendi; Belarusian: шыбеніца; Bulgarian: бесило, бесилка; Burmese: ကြိုးစင်; Catalan: forca; Chinese Hokkien: 絞刑架, 绞刑架; Mandarin: [[絞刑架]], [[绞刑架]], [[絞架]], [[绞架]], [[絞臺]], [[绞台]]; Czech: šibenice; Danish: galge; Dutch: [[galg]]; Esperanto: pendumilo, pendigilo; Estonian: võllas; Faroese: gálgi; Finnish: hirsipuu, hirsi, hirttopaikka; French: [[gibet]], [[potence]]; Georgian: სახრჩობელა; German: [[Galgen]]; Alemannic German: Galge; Greek: [[αγχόνη]], [[κρεμάλα]]; Ancient Greek: [[ἀγχόνη]], [[ξύλον]], [[φοῦρκα]]; Hebrew: גַּרְדּוֹם; Hungarian: akasztófa, bitófa, bitó; Icelandic: gálgi; Irish: croch; Italian: [[forca]], [[patibolo]]; Japanese: 絞首台; Kazakh: дар, дар ағашы; Korean: 교수대(絞首臺); Kurdish Northern Kurdish: sêdare; Kyrgyz: дар, дарга; Latin: [[arbor]], [[gabalus]], [[patibulum]]; Latvian: kārtavas; Lithuanian: kartuvės; Low German: Galgen; Luxembourgish: Gaalgen; Macedonian: бесилка; Maori: pou tārore; Nogai: аскак; Norman: gibet; Norwegian: galge; Persian: چوبه دار, دار; Plautdietsch: Gaulj; Polish: szubienica; Portuguese: [[forca]], [[cadafalso]]; Romanian: spânzurătoare; Russian: [[виселица]], [[шибеница]]; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: шибеница, ве̏шала, вје̏шала; Roman: šibenica, vešala, vjȅšala; Slovak: šibenica; Slovene: vislice; Spanish: [[horca]], [[patíbulo]]; Swedish: galge, galgbacke; Tagalog: bibitayan; Tajik: чӯбаи дор, дор; Tatar: дар; Thai: ตะแลงแกง; Turkish: darağacı; Ukrainian: шибениця; Uzbek: dor; Vietnamese: giá treo cổ, giá xử giảo; Vilamovian: guolgia; Welsh: crocbren; West Frisian: galge; Yiddish: תּליה; Zazaki: darağaci, darahenıki | |||
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