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φάρμακον: Difference between revisions
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|Transliteration C=farmakon | |Transliteration C=farmakon | ||
|Beta Code=fa/rmakon | |Beta Code=fa/rmakon | ||
|Definition=[v. sub fin.], τό, < | |Definition=[v. sub fin.], τό,<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[drug]], whether [[healing]] or [[noxious]]: in Hom. the sense is freq. determined by an [[epithet]], φάρμακα, πολλὰ μὲν ἐσθλὰ... πολλὰ δὲ λυγρά Od.4.230; τόδε φ. ἐσθλόν 10.287, cf. 292; [[φάρμακα ἤπια]], [[ὀδυνήφατα]] (v. infr. 2); [[κακὰ φάρμακα]] ib.213; [[φάρμακα λυγρά]] ib. 236; [[φάρμακον οὐλόμενον]] ib.394; ἀνδροφόνον 1.261; θυμοφθόρα φάρμακα 2.329; so, after Hom., προσανέα φάρμακα Pi.''P.''3.52; παιώνια A.''Ag.''848; χρήσιμον Pl.''R.''382c; θανάσιμα Ph.''Bel.''103.31; ὀλέθριον Luc.''Herm.'' 62.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[healing remedy]], [[medicine]], in Hom. mostly of those applied outwardly, ἐπιθήσει φάρμαχ' ἅ κεν παύσῃσι μελαινάων ὀδυνάων Il.4.191; [[ἐπ' ἄρ' ἤπια φάρμακα πάσσε]] ib.218; ὀδυνήφατα φάρμακα πάσσων 5.401,900, cf. 11.515,830, 15.394; προσάλειφεν ἑκάστῳ φ. Od.10.392; φ. περιαλείφειν Ar.''Eq.''906; also of potions, πιὼν φάρμακ' Od.10.326; φ. πεπωκώς Hdt.4.160, cf. Pi. l. c.; παρὰ τοῦ ἰατροῦ Pl.''R.''406d, cf. ''Grg.''467c; φ. χριστόν E.''Hipp.''516; ἔγχριστον Theoc.11.1; ἐπίχριστον Str.17.1.10; ἐπίπαστον Theoc. l. c.; καταπλαστόν Ar.''Pl.''716; ποτόν E.''Hipp.'' [[l.c.]]; freq. in Medic. writers, Sor. 1.4, Gal.6.265, etc.; of [[medicines]] for cattle, ''PFlor.''222.11 (iii A. D.).<br><span class="bld">b</span> c. gen. (v. infr. ''ΙΙ''), [[φάρμακον νόσου]] = a [[medicine for a disease]], [[remedy against a disease]], A.''Pr.''251,606 (lyr.); βηχός Phryn.Com.60: [[κεφαλῆς]] [[for]] a [[headache]], Pl.''Chrm.''155b; στραγγουρίας Arist.''HA''612b16, cf. 624a16; μέθης Amphis 37; δίψης ''AP'' 6.170 (Thyill.); but [[ὑγιείας φάρμακον]] = a [[medicine to restore health]] or [[medicine to maintain health]], Aristid.''Or.''37(2).11.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[enchanted potion]], [[philtre]]: hence, [[charm]], [[spell]], Od.4.220 sq., Ar.''Pl.''302, Theoc.2.15, ''PSI''1.64.20 (i B. C.); φαρμάκοις τὸν ἄνδρ' ἔμηνεν Ar.''Th.''561; [[τοιαῦτα ἔχω φάρμακα]] = [[such charms have I]], Hdt.3.85, cf. ''Apoc.''9.21.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[poison]], S.''Tr.'' 685, E.''Med.''385; πιεῖν τὸ φάρμακον Antipho6.15, Pl.''Phd.''57a, 115a; φάρμακα ἐσβεβληκέναι ἐς τὰ φρέατα Th.2.48; φάρμακα δηλητήρια ''SIG''37 ''A'' 1 (Teos, v B. C.); τοξικὸν φάρμακον ''BGU''21 ii 14 (iv A. D.).<br><span class="bld">5</span> [[lye]] for laundering, ''Stud.Pal.''22.56.12 (iii A. D.).<br><span class="bld">II</span> generally, [[remedy]], [[cure]], Hes.''Op.''485, Alc.35, etc.; μεῖζον . . τῆς νόσου τὸ φ. the [[cure]] too strong for, i. e. worse than, the [[disease]], S.''Fr.''589.4, cf. ''Com.Adesp.'' 455; φάρμακον [[πραΰ]], of a bridle, Pi.''O.''13.85; [[φάρμακον τινι]] [[for]] a thing, Thgn. 1134 (pl.), Archil.9; πρός τι Arist.''Pol.''1321a16; ποττὸν ἔρωτα Theoc. 11.1; but most freq. [[φάρμακον τινός]] [[remedy against]] . . χλαῖνα . . φ. ῥίγευς Hippon.19; Ζεὺς πάντων φ. μοῦνος ἔχει Simon.87; τὸ σιγᾶν φ. βλάβης ἔχω A.''Ag.''548; [[φάρμακον πόνων]], [[λύπης]], E.''Ba.''283, ''Fr.''1079; δόλοι . . χρείας ἀνάνδρου φ. ib.288; φόβου Pl.''Lg.''647e; [[λήθης φάρμακα]] (of [[γράμματα]]) E.''Fr.''578.1; v. [[εὐδιανός]].<br><span class="bld">2</span> c. gen. also, [[a means of producing]] something, φάρμακον σωτηρίας Id.''Ph.''893; μνήμης καὶ σοφίας φάρμακον Pl.''Phdr.''274e; [[ὑπομνήσεως]] ib.275a, cf. 230d; ἀθανασίας Antiph.86.6; ἡσυχίας Arist.''Pol.''1273b23; [[φάρμακον μανίας]], of the oil applied to wrestlers, D.L.1.104.<br><span class="bld">3</span> ἀλλ' ἐπὶ καὶ θανάτῳ φάρμακον κάλλιστον ἑᾶς ἀρετᾶς ἅλιξιν εὑρέσθαι σὺν ἄλλοις = even at the price of death, the fairest way to win his own exploits together with his other companion / but even at the risk of death would find the finest elixir of excellence together with his other companions (ἐπὶ θανάτῳ φάρμακον κάλλιστον ἑᾶς ἀρετᾶς εὑρέσθαι = a [[remedy]] or [[consolation]] in his own [[virtue]]), Pi.''P.''4.187.<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[dye]], [[paint]], [[colour]], Emp.23.3, Hdt.1.98, A.''Fr.''134, Ar.''Ec.''735, Pl.''R.''420c, ''Plt.''277c, ''PCair.Zen.''789.13 (iii B. C.), etc.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> [[chemical reagent]], PLeid.X.25, ''PHolm.''13.46, 22.10, Ps.-Democr. ap. Zos.Alch.p.160 B.; used by [[tanner]]s, Sch.Ar.''Eq.''44,368.—Cf. [[φαρμάσσω]]. [μᾰ;] but μᾱ in [[φαρμακός]]. | ||
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|trtx====[[medicine]]=== | |trtx====[[medicine]]=== | ||
Afrikaans: medisyne; Alabama: aissi; Albanian: ilaç; Amharic: ሕክምና; Arabic: دَوَاء; Aramaic: סמא; Armenian: դեղ, դեղորայք; Assamese: ঔষধ, দৰৱ; Asturian: melecina; Avar: дарман, дару; Azerbaijani: dərman, əlac; Bashkir: дарыу, дауа; Belarusian: ле́кі, ляка́рства; Bengali: দাওয়াই, ঔষধ; Breton: louzoù; Bulgarian: лека́рство; Burmese: ဆေး; Buryat: эм; Catalan: medicament; Chechen: молха; Cherokee: ᏅᏬᏘ; Chichewa: mankhwala; Chickasaw: itti̠sh; Chinese Dungan: йүә; Mandarin: 藥, 药, 藥材, 药材, 藥物, 药物, 藥品, 药品; Chukchi: инэнмэԓевичгын; Czech: lék; Danish: medicin, lægemiddel; Dutch: medicijn, geneesmiddel; Dzongkha: སྨན; Emilian: midgénna; Erzya: менькс; Esperanto: kuracilo; Estonian: arstirohi, medikament; Ewe: atike; Faroese: heilivágur; Finnish: lääke; French: médicament, remède; Galician: medicamento, medicina; Gamilaraay: dhalbin; Georgian: წამალი; German: [[Arznei]], [[Medizin]], [[Medikament]]; Greek: [[φάρμακο]]; Ancient Greek: [[φαρμάκιον]], [[φάρμακον]], [[φαρμάκευμα]], [[ἴαμα]], [[βοήθημα]], [[ἄκεστρον]], [[ἄκεσμα]], [[ἀλέξιον]]; Greenlandic: nakorsaat, katsorsaat; Gujarati: દવા, ઔષધ; Haitian Creole: medikaman; Halkomelem: stelmexw; Hausa: magani; Hawaiian: lāʻau; Hebrew: תְּרוּפָה; Hindi: औषधि, औषध, दवा, दारू, दवाई; Hungarian: gyógyszer, orvosság; Ibaloi: agas; Icelandic: lyf; Igbo: ogwu; Ilocano: agas; Indonesian: obat; Irish: cógas, leigheas; Isnag: axas; Italian: medicina, medicamento; Japanese: 薬, 薬剤, 医薬品; Jarai: jrao; Javanese: tamba, jamu, jampi, loloh; Kabuverdianu: ramédi; Kalmyk: эм; Kamba: daawa; Kankanaey: agas; Kannada: ಮದ್ದು, ಔಷಧ; Karao: agas; Kazakh: дауа, дәрі; Khmer: ថ្នាំ, ឱសថ; Kikuyu: ndawa; Korean: 약; Kurdish Central Kurdish: دەرمان, دەوا; Northern Kurdish: derman, îlac; Kyrgyz: дары; Lao: ຢາ; Latin: [[medicina]]; Latvian: zāles, medikaments; Limos Kalinga: agas; Lithuanian: vaistas, medikamentas; Livonian: āinad; Luhya: kamalesi; Luxembourgish: Medezin; Lü: ᦊᦱ; Macedonian: лек, лекарство; Malay: ubat; Malayalam: ഔഷധം, മരുന്ന്; Manchu: ᠣᡴ᠋ᡨ᠋ᠣ; Maori: rongoā, pūroi; Marathi: औषध; Meru: ndawa; Mongolian: эм; Navajo: azeeʼ; Neapolitan: 'mmericìna; Nepali: औषध; Northern Sami: dálkkas; Norwegian Bokmål: legemiddel, medikament, medisin, droge; Nynorsk: lækjemiddel, medikament, medicin; Occitan: medicament; Ojibwe: mashkiki; Old English: lǣċedōm, lācnung; Oriya: ଔଷଧ; Pali: osadha; Pashto: دوايي, دوا; Persian: دارو, درمان; Polish: lekarstwo, lek inan, medykament inan; Portuguese: remédio, medicamento; Punjabi: ਦਵਾ; Quechua: jampina; Romanian: medicament; Romansch: medicament, remedi; Russian: лека́рство, медикаме́нт, лека́рственное сре́дство; Sanskrit: औषध, भेषज, अगद; Scottish Gaelic: leigheas, cungaidh, ìoc; Semai: penglai; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: лек, лије̑к, здравило; Roman: lek, lijȇk, zdravilo; Sindhi: دوا; Sinhalese: ඔසුව, ඖෂධය; Slovak: liek; Slovene: zdravilo; Sorbian Upper Sorbian: lěkarstwo, lěk, medikament; Sotho: moriana; Spanish: [[medicamento]], [[medicina]], [[remedio]], [[fármaco]]; Sundanese: ᮒᮒᮙ᮪ᮘ; Swahili: dawa; Swedish: läkemedel, medicin, drog; Tagalog: gamot, medisina, remedyo; Tajik: дору; Tamil: மருந்து; Taos: woléne; Tatar: дару; Telugu: మందు, ఔషదం; Thai: ยา; Tibetan: སྨན; Tigrinya: ሕክምና; Tocharian B: sāṃtke; Tok Pisin: marasin; Turkish: ilaç, em; Turkmen: derman; Ukrainian: лі́ки, лік, ліка́рство; Urdu: ڈرگ, اوشدهی, اوشدهہ; Uyghur: دورا; Uzbek: iloj, dori, medikament; Venetian: medexina; Vietnamese: thuốc; Waray-Waray: bulong; Welsh: meddyginiaeth, moddion, ffisig; White Hmong: tsuaj; Yakut: эмп; Yiddish: מעדיצין; Yoruba: oogun; Zazaki: dermon; Zhuang: yw; Zulu: iselapho, umuthi | Afrikaans: medisyne; Alabama: aissi; Albanian: ilaç; Amharic: ሕክምና; Arabic: دَوَاء; Aramaic: סמא; Armenian: դեղ, դեղորայք; Assamese: ঔষধ, দৰৱ; Asturian: melecina; Avar: дарман, дару; Azerbaijani: dərman, əlac; Bashkir: дарыу, дауа; Belarusian: ле́кі, ляка́рства; Bengali: দাওয়াই, ঔষধ; Breton: louzoù; Bulgarian: лека́рство; Burmese: ဆေး; Buryat: эм; Catalan: medicament; Chechen: молха; Cherokee: ᏅᏬᏘ; Chichewa: mankhwala; Chickasaw: itti̠sh; Chinese Dungan: йүә; Mandarin: 藥, 药, 藥材, 药材, 藥物, 药物, 藥品, 药品; Chukchi: инэнмэԓевичгын; Czech: lék; Danish: medicin, lægemiddel; Dutch: medicijn, geneesmiddel; Dzongkha: སྨན; Emilian: midgénna; Erzya: менькс; Esperanto: kuracilo; Estonian: arstirohi, medikament; Ewe: atike; Faroese: heilivágur; Finnish: lääke; French: médicament, remède; Galician: medicamento, medicina; Gamilaraay: dhalbin; Georgian: წამალი; German: [[Arznei]], [[Medizin]], [[Medikament]]; Greek: [[φάρμακο]]; Ancient Greek: [[φαρμάκιον]], [[φάρμακον]], [[φαρμάκευμα]], [[ἴαμα]], [[βοήθημα]], [[ἄκεστρον]], [[ἄκεσμα]], [[ἀλέξιον]]; Greenlandic: nakorsaat, katsorsaat; Gujarati: દવા, ઔષધ; Haitian Creole: medikaman; Halkomelem: stelmexw; Hausa: magani; Hawaiian: lāʻau; Hebrew: תְּרוּפָה; Hindi: औषधि, औषध, दवा, दारू, दवाई; Hungarian: gyógyszer, orvosság; Ibaloi: agas; Icelandic: lyf; Igbo: ogwu; Ilocano: agas; Indonesian: obat; Irish: cógas, leigheas; Isnag: axas; Italian: medicina, medicamento; Japanese: 薬, 薬剤, 医薬品; Jarai: jrao; Javanese: tamba, jamu, jampi, loloh; Kabuverdianu: ramédi; Kalmyk: эм; Kamba: daawa; Kankanaey: agas; Kannada: ಮದ್ದು, ಔಷಧ; Karao: agas; Kazakh: дауа, дәрі; Khmer: ថ្នាំ, ឱសថ; Kikuyu: ndawa; Korean: 약; Kurdish Central Kurdish: دەرمان, دەوا; Northern Kurdish: derman, îlac; Kyrgyz: дары; Lao: ຢາ; Latin: [[medicina]]; Latvian: zāles, medikaments; Limos Kalinga: agas; Lithuanian: vaistas, medikamentas; Livonian: āinad; Luhya: kamalesi; Luxembourgish: Medezin; Lü: ᦊᦱ; Macedonian: лек, лекарство; Malay: ubat; Malayalam: ഔഷധം, മരുന്ന്; Manchu: ᠣᡴ᠋ᡨ᠋ᠣ; Maori: rongoā, pūroi; Marathi: औषध; Meru: ndawa; Mongolian: эм; Navajo: azeeʼ; Neapolitan: 'mmericìna; Nepali: औषध; Northern Sami: dálkkas; Norwegian Bokmål: legemiddel, medikament, medisin, droge; Nynorsk: lækjemiddel, medikament, medicin; Occitan: medicament; Ojibwe: mashkiki; Old English: lǣċedōm, lācnung; Oriya: ଔଷଧ; Pali: osadha; Pashto: دوايي, دوا; Persian: دارو, درمان; Polish: lekarstwo, lek inan, medykament inan; Portuguese: remédio, medicamento; Punjabi: ਦਵਾ; Quechua: jampina; Romanian: medicament; Romansch: medicament, remedi; Russian: лека́рство, медикаме́нт, лека́рственное сре́дство; Sanskrit: औषध, भेषज, अगद; Scottish Gaelic: leigheas, cungaidh, ìoc; Semai: penglai; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: лек, лије̑к, здравило; Roman: lek, lijȇk, zdravilo; Sindhi: دوا; Sinhalese: ඔසුව, ඖෂධය; Slovak: liek; Slovene: zdravilo; Sorbian Upper Sorbian: lěkarstwo, lěk, medikament; Sotho: moriana; Spanish: [[medicamento]], [[medicina]], [[remedio]], [[fármaco]]; Sundanese: ᮒᮒᮙ᮪ᮘ; Swahili: dawa; Swedish: läkemedel, medicin, drog; Tagalog: gamot, medisina, remedyo; Tajik: дору; Tamil: மருந்து; Taos: woléne; Tatar: дару; Telugu: మందు, ఔషదం; Thai: ยา; Tibetan: སྨན; Tigrinya: ሕክምና; Tocharian B: sāṃtke; Tok Pisin: marasin; Turkish: ilaç, em; Turkmen: derman; Ukrainian: лі́ки, лік, ліка́рство; Urdu: ڈرگ, اوشدهی, اوشدهہ; Uyghur: دورا; Uzbek: iloj, dori, medikament; Venetian: medexina; Vietnamese: thuốc; Waray-Waray: bulong; Welsh: meddyginiaeth, moddion, ffisig; White Hmong: tsuaj; Yakut: эмп; Yiddish: מעדיצין; Yoruba: oogun; Zazaki: dermon; Zhuang: yw; Zulu: iselapho, umuthi | ||
===[[remedy]]=== | |||
Arabic: تِرْيَاق; Moroccan Arabic: دْوا; Asturian: remediu; Azerbaijani: tibb; Bashkir: дауа; Bengali: দাওয়াই, এলাজ; Bulgarian: лекарство; Catalan: remei; Chinese Mandarin: 治療／治疗, 療法／疗法; Czech: lék, léčba; Dutch: [[remedie]]; Finnish: lääke, parannuskeino, hoito; French: [[remède]]; Galician: remedio; German: [[Heilmittel]]; Greek: [[γιατρικό]]; Ancient Greek: [[ἀδιουτώριον]], [[ἄκεσις]], [[ἄκεσμα]], [[ἄκεστρον]], [[ἄκημα]], [[ἄκος]], [[ἀλαλκτήριον]], [[ἀλέα]], [[ἀλέξημα]], [[ἀλέξησις]], [[ἀλεξητήριον]], [[ἀλέξιον]], [[ἀλεξιφάρμακον]], [[ἀλθεστήρια]], [[ἄλθος]], [[ἄλκαρ]], [[ἀλκτήριον]], [[ἀλκτήριον φάρμακον]], [[ἀντίδοτον]], [[ἀντίλυτρον]], [[ἀντιπάθιον]], [[ἀντίτομον]], [[ἁρμονία]], [[ἀφορμία]], [[βοήθημα]], [[βοήθησις]], [[δύναμις]], [[ἐγκυητήριον]], [[ἔλαρ]], [[ἐξάλειπτρον]], [[εὕρεμα]], [[εὕρημα]], [[ἴαμα]], [[ἴασις]], [[ἰατρεῖον]], [[ἰάτρευμα]], [[ἰάτρευσις]], [[ἴημα]], [[ἴησις]], [[ἰητρεῖον]], [[μῆχος]], [[παρηγόρημα]], [[σχετήριον]], [[τὸ ἀλεξητήριον]], [[τὸ ἀντιπαθές]], [[τὸ ἄρκιον]], [[τὸ βοηθηματικόν]], [[φαρμακεία]], [[φαρμάκευμα]], [[φαρμάκιον]], [[φάρμακον]], [[χραισμήϊον]], [[χραίσμημα]], [[χραίσμησις]]; Haitian Creole: remèd; Hebrew: מָזוֹר; Hindi: दरमन, इलाज, औषध; Hungarian: orvosság; Italian: [[rimedio]], [[medicamento]]; Japanese: 療法; Korean: 요약(療藥); Latin: [[remedium]]; Malay: pengubat, rawatan; Maori: rongoā; Norman: r'miède; Occitan: remèdi; Persian: درمان; Polish: lekarstwo, lek; Portuguese: [[remédio]]; Romanian: remediu; Russian: [[лекарство]], [[средство]]; Sanskrit: भेषज; Scottish Gaelic: leigheas, cungaidh, ìoc; Sindhi: عِلاجُ; Spanish: [[remedio]]; Swedish: botemedel; Tagalog: gamot, medisina, remedyo; Tocharian B: sāṃtke; Turkish: tıp; Walloon: riméde | |||
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