πυνθάνομαι: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<span class="bibl">Od.2.315</span>, etc.; poet. also πεύθομαι ([[quod vide|q.v.]]): <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> Ep. impf. πυνθανόμην <span class="bibl">13.256</span>: fut. πεύσομαι <span class="bibl">Il.18.19</span>, etc., Dor. πευσοῦμαι <span class="bibl">Theoc.3.51</span> (so cod. Med. in <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>988</span>): aor. ἐπῠθόμην <span class="bibl">Il.5</span>. <span class="bibl">702</span>, etc., Ep. and Lyr. πυθόμην <span class="bibl">Od.4.732</span>, <span class="bibl">B.15.26</span>; imper. [[πυθοῦ]], Ion. πυθεῦ <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.68</span>; Ep. opt. πεπύθοιτο <span class="bibl">Il.6.50</span>, al. (subj. [[πεπύθωνται]] is [[falsa lectio|f.l.]] for [[γε πύθωνται]], <span class="bibl">7.195</span>); 3pl. πυθοίατο <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>921</span>: pf. πέπυσμαι <span class="bibl">Od.11.505</span>, etc.; 2sg. πέπῠσαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>310b</span>, Ep. πέπυσσαι <span class="bibl">Od.11.494</span>; inf. πεπύσθαι <span class="bibl">Th.7.67</span>, etc.; part. πεπυσμένος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>179e</span>: plpf. ἐπεπύσμην <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span>615</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Av.</span>470</span>; 3sg. ἐπέπυστο <span class="bibl">Il.13.674</span>, Ep. [[πέπυστο]] ib.<span class="bibl">521</span>; 3dual πεπύσθην <span class="bibl">17.377</span>:—[[learn]], whether [[by hearsay]] or [[by inquiry]] (ἐξιστορήσαντες τὰ ἐβούλοντο πυθέσθαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.195</span>): constr. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b3">π. τί τινος</b> [[learn]] something [[from]] a person, <span class="bibl">Il.17.408</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.10.537</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>599</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>1417</span>, etc.; also π. τι ἀπό τινος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span> 737</span>; ἐξ ἄλλων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1266</span>; ἐκ τοῦ παρατυχόντος <span class="bibl">Th.1.22</span>; freq. <b class="b3">παρά τινος</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.91</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">παρ' ἄλλων</b> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[ἄλλων]]) <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>4.1.3</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> c. acc. rei only, [[hear]] or [[learn]] a thing, <span class="bibl">Od.2.411</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>765</span>, <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.25</span>, etc.: abs., αἰσχρὸν τόδε γ' ἐστὶ καὶ ἐσσομένοισι πυθέσθαι <span class="bibl">Il.2.119</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>7.7</span>, etc.; ὡς ἐγὼ πυνθάνομαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.22</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> c. gen. objecti, [[hear]] or [[inquire concerning]], <b class="b3">πυθέσθαι πατρός, ἀγγελιάων, μάχης</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.1.281</span>, <span class="bibl">2.256</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.15.224</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>35</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>635b</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">π. τινά τινος</b> [[inquire about]] one person [[of]] or [[from]] another, τὸν ἄνδρα τῶν ὁδοιπόρων <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>204</span>; so π. περί τινος <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.75</span>; πᾶσαν πυθέσθαι τῶνδ' ἀλήθειαν πέρι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>91</span>: c. acc. pers. only, [[inquire about]] a person, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>619</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> c. part., <b class="b3">πυθόμην ὁδὸν ὁρμαίνοντα</b> that he was starting, <span class="bibl">Od.4.732</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.58</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>692</span>; π. τὸ Πλημμύριον ἑαλωκός <span class="bibl">Th.7.31</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.7.16</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οὔ πω . . πεπύσθην Πατρόκλοιο θανόντος</b> they [[had]] not yet [[heard of]] his being dead, <span class="bibl">Il.17.377</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">427</span>, <span class="bibl">19.322</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>763</span>; ὡς ἐπύθοντο τῆς Πύλου κατειλημμένης <span class="bibl">Th.4.6</span>: with acc. rei added, εἰ σφῶϊν τάδε πάντα πυθοίατο μαρναμένοιιν <span class="bibl">Il.1.257</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> c. acc. et inf., [[hear]] or <b class="b2">learn that . .</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.62</span>, <span class="bibl">5.15</span>, <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Tr.</span>103</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Th.7.25</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">7</span> followed by an interrog. clause, ὡς πυθώμεθα ὅπου ποτ' ἐσμέν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>11</span>; <b class="b3">αὐτοῦ π. τί ποτε νοεῖ</b> [[inquire]] or [[learn]] from him what... <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">La.</span>196c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>6.3.25</span>, <span class="bibl">Plb.3.107.6</span>; π., ὅτεῳ . . συνοικέει <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.68</span>; <b class="b3">π. εἰ . .</b>[[inquire]] whether... <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>993</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>42(1).121.18 (Epid., iv B.C.); τοῦ ξένου ἡδέως ἂν π., τί ταῦθ' ἡγοῦντο <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span>216d</span>; <b class="b3">π. τινῶν, ὅτι</b> . . <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>4.6.17</span>; <b class="b3">π., ὅπως ἂν κάλλιστα πορευθείη</b> ib.<span class="bibl">3.1.7</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.4.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> Act., aor. 1 part. fem. πεύσασα [[having learned]], PMasp.5.7 (vi A.D.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> v. [[πεύθω]].</span>

|elnltext=πυνθάνομαι, ander praes. πεύθω, ep. imperf. πυνθανόμην; aor. ἐπυθόμην, ep. aor. πυθόμην; ep. opt. redupl. πεπύθοιτο, 3 plur. πυθοίατο, imperat. πυθοῦ, Ion. πυθεῦ, inf. πυθέσθαι, ptc. πυθόμενος; perf. πέπυσμαι, ep. perf. 2 sing. πέπυσσαι, inf. πεπύσθαι, ptc. πεπυσμένος, plqperf. (ἐ)πεπύσμην, 3 dual. πεπύσθην; fut. πεύσομαι, Dor. fut. 2 plur. πευσεῖσθε informeren (naar, bij), vragen (naar, bij): met gen. informeren naar:; ἔρχεο πευσόμενος πατρὸς δὴν οἰχομένοιο ga informeren naar je vader die al zo lang weg is Od. 1.281; informeren bij: met gen. en acc.. πολλάκι... τό γε μητρὸς ἐπεύθετο dikwijls informeerde hij hiernaar bij zijn moeder Il. 17.408. met afhankelijke vraagzin:. πυνθάνοι’ ἂν εἰ πατήρ σ’ ὁ καίνων; zou je dan vragen of de moordenaar je vader was? Soph. OC 993; ἐπυνθάνοντο... τί τὰ πυρὰ κατασβέσειαν zij vroegen waarom ze de vuren gedoofd hadden Xen. An. 6.3.25; ἐπυνθάνετο ὅπως ἂν κάλλιστα πορευθείη hij informeerde hoe hij de reis het best kon ondernemen Xen. An. 3.1.7. vernemen, erachter komen abs.. αἰσχρόν... ἐστὶ καὶ ἐσσομένοισι πυθέσθαι het is ook voor toekomstige generaties schandelijk te vernemen Il. 2.119; σοὶ δ’ οὔ πω φίλον ἐστὶ δαήμεναι οὐδὲ πυθέσθαι maar dat wil jij liever niet weten of horen Od. 13.335; ὡς ἐγὼ πυνθάνομαι naar ik hoor Hdt. 1.22.2. met gen. horen over:; μάλα γάρ κε μάχης ἐπύθοντο zij zouden zeker van de strijd gehoord hebben Il. 15.224; horen van:; ἀγγέλων πεπυσμένοι bericht van boodschappers vernomen hebbend Aeschl. Suppl. 185; ook met prep.. πεπυσμένον παρὰ τῆς μητρός omdat hij (de naam) van zijn moeder had gehoord Hdt. 2.91.6. met acc. vernemen; met acc. en gen..; ἀνάκτος αὐτοῦ πάντα πεύσομαι λόγον ik zal het hele verhaal van de meester zelf horen Aeschl. Ag. 599; met acc. zonder ptc.. ὡς ἐπύθοντο μετὰ Τρώεσσιν Ἄρηα toen ze van Ares' aanwezigheid bij de Trojanen hoorden Il. 5.702. met ptc. vernemen dat (van een feit); met AcP:; εἰ... πυθόμην ταύτην ὁδὸν ὁρμαίνοντα als ik gehoord had dat hij die reis overwoog Od. 4.732; ἐὰν θνῄσκοντας ἢ τετρωμένους πύθησθε als jullie vernemen dat zij dood of gewond zijn Aeschl. Sept. 243; π. τὸ Πλημμύριον ὑπὸ τῶν Συρακοσίων ἑαλωκός vernemen dat Plemmyrion door de Syrakusanen veroverd is Thuc. 7.31.3; met gen. en ptc.. εἰ σφῶϊν... πυθοίατο μαρναμένοιϊν als zij horen dat jullie beiden ruziën Il. 1.257; ἐπύθοντο τῆς Πύλου κατειλημμένης zij vernamen dat Pylos was bezet Thuc. 4.6.1. met inf. vernemen dat (als gerucht), met AcI:. πυνθανόμενος ὑμᾶς εὖ πράττειν omdat ik vernam dat het goed met jullie ging Xen. An. 7.6.11. met afhankelijke vraagzin:. ὡς πυθώμεθα ὅπου ποτ’ ἔσμεν opdat we erachter komen waar we eigenlijk zijn Soph. OC 11; θέλω πυθέσθαι μή... τι πῆμα δάκνει φρένα ik wil erachter komen of niet een nieuw ongeluk uw hart kwelt Eur. Hcld. 482.

|auten=opt. 3 pl. πευθοίατο, ipf. πυνθανόμην, (ἐ）πεύθετο, fut. [[πεύσομαι]], aor. 2 (ἐ）πυθόμην, opt. redup. [[πεπύθοιτο]], perf. [[πέπυσμαι]], πέπυσσαι, plup. (ἐ）[[πέπυστο]], du. [[πεπύσθην]]: [[learn]] by [[inquiry]], [[ascertain]], [[hear]] [[tell]] of; w. gen. (or ἐκ) of the [[person]] giving the [[information]], [[also]] gen. of the [[person]] or [[thing]] [[learned]] [[about]], Od. 13.256, Od. 14.321 ; βοῆς, ‘[[hear]],’ Il. 6.465; freq. w. [[part]]., ‘[[hear]] of [[all]] [[this]] wrangling on [[your]] [[part]],’ Il. 1.257.

|lsmtext='''πυνθάνομαι:''' εκτεταμ. από √<i>ΠΥΘ</i> (βλ. [[πεύθομαι]])· Επικ. παρατ. <i>πυνθανόμην</i>, μέλ. [[πεύσομαι]], Δωρ. <i>πευσοῦμαι</i>, αόρ. βʹ <i>ἐπῠθόμην</i>, προστ. <i>πυθοῦ</i>, Ιων. [[πύθευ]]· Επικ. γʹ ενικ. ευκτ. [[πεπύθοιτο]]· παρακ. [[πέπυσμαι]], βʹ ενικ. <i>πέπῠσαι</i>, Επικ. <i>πέπυσσαι</i>, απαρ. <i>πεπύσθαι</i>· υπερσ. <i>ἐπεπύσμην</i>, γʹ ενικ. [[ἐπέπυστο]], Επικ. [[πέπυστο]], γʹ δυϊκ. [[πεπύσθην]]· [[μαθαίνω]] εξ ακοής ή ρωτώντας, σε Ηρόδ.<br /><b class="num">1.</b> <i>πυνθ. τί τινος</i>, [[μαθαίνω]] [[κάτι]] από ένα [[πρόσωπο]], σε Όμηρ. κ.λπ.· τι ἀπό τινος, σε Αισχύλ.· <i>ἔκ τινος</i>, σε Σοφ.· [[παρά]] τινος, σε Ηρόδ.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> με αιτ. πράγμ. μόνο, [[ακούω]] ή [[μαθαίνω]] [[κάτι]], σε Ομήρ. Οδ., Αττ.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> με γεν., [[ακούω]], [[ακούω]] να γίνεται [[λόγος]] για [[κάτι]], [[ακούω]] [[νέα]] για [[κάτι]], σε Ομήρ. Οδ. κ.λπ.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> <i>π. τινά τινος</i>, ζητώ να μάθω από κάποιον για [[κάτι]], σε Αριστοφ.· ομοίως, π. [[περί]] τινος, σε Ηρόδ., Αττ.<br /><b class="num">5.</b> με μτχ., <i>πυθόμην ὁρμαίνοντα ὁδόν</i>, σε Ομήρ. Οδ.· <i>π. τὸ Πλημμύριον ἑαλωκός</i>, άκουσα ότι το Πλημμύριο είχε κυριευθεί, σε Θουκ.· ομοίως, [[οὔπω]] [[πυθέσθαι]] Πατρόκλοιο θανόντος, δεν είχαν [[ακόμα]] ακούσει για τον θάνατό του, σε Ομήρ. Ιλ.<br /><b class="num">6.</b> με απαρ., [[ακούω]] ή [[μαθαίνω]] ότι, σε Σοφ. κ.λπ.

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: to find out, learn, to ask, to inquire, to investigate' (Il.); act. [[πεύθω]], [[πεῦσαι]] [[to announce]], [[to cite]] (Crete).<br />Other forms: ep. also [[πεύθομαι]] (metr. easier; Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 111, 282, 308), fut. [[πεύσομαι]], aor. 2. [[πυθέσθαι]], redupl. opt. [[πεπύθοιτο]], perf. [[πέπυσμαι]].<br />Compounds: Also w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-</b><br />Derivatives: With zero grade: 1. [[πύστις]] f. [[questioning]], [[inquiry]], [[tidings]] (Att., A.; cf. below) with <b class="b3">πυστι-άομαι</b> [[to interrogate]] (Plu., Phot., H.); 2. [[πύσμα]] n. [[question]], [[interrogation]] with <b class="b3">-ματικός</b> [[interrogative]], [[asking]] (late); 3. [[πυστός]] (EM, Eust.), always as 2. member, resp. in the prefixcompp., e.g. <b class="b3">ἄ-πυστος</b>, <b class="b3">ἀνά-πυστος</b> (Od.). With full grade: 4. [[πευθώ]] f. [[tidings]] (A. Th. 370); 5. [[πεῦσις]] (<b class="b3">ἀνά-</b>) f. [[information]] (Ph., Plu.; older [[πύστις]], cf. Fraenkel Glotta 32, 27 w. lit.); 6. [[πευθήν]], <b class="b3">-ῆνος</b> m. [[spy]] (Luc., Arr.; Solmsen Wortforsch. 143); 7. Adj. [[πευστικός]] [[interrogating]] (A. D., Ph.); 8. as 2. member, after the <b class="b3">ες-</b>stems (Schwyzer 513), <b class="b3">-πευθής</b>, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀ-πευθ-ής</b> [[uninvestigated]], [[unaware]] (Od.); 9. with dentalsuffix <b class="b3">φιλό-πευσ-τος</b> (Phot., Suid.), <b class="b3">-της</b> (Ptol.) [[who loves questioning]] with <b class="b3">-πευστέω</b>, <b class="b3">-πευστία</b> (hell.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [150] <b class="b2">*bʰeudʰ-</b> [[be awake]], [[wake]], [[observe]], [[recognize]]<br />Etymology: The full grade thematic root-present [[πεύθομαι]] has exact formal agreements in several languages: Skt. <b class="b2">bódhati</b>, midd. [[-te]] [[watch]], [[observe]], [[understand]], Av. [[baođaiti]], [[-te]] <b class="b2">id.</b>, also [[smell after]], Germ., e.g. Goth. [[ana-]], [[faur-biudan]] [[order]], [[arrange]] resp. [[forbid]], OWNo. [[bjōða]] 'offer, present, make known', Slav., e.g. OCS <b class="b2">bljudǫ</b>, [[bljusti]] [[preserve]], [[guard]], [[observe]], Russ. <b class="b2">bljudú</b>, <b class="b2">bljustí</b> [[observe]], [[perceive]], IE <b class="b2">*bheudh-e(-ti</b>, [[-toi]]) [[observes]], [[is attent]]. The deviating meaning of the Germ. verbs agrees mainly to the (prob. secondary) active Cret. [[πεύθω]] and is related to an old opposition of the diatheses; a corresponding meaning shows a.o. the Skt. causative <b class="b2">bodháyati</b> [[wake]], [[instruct]], [[inform]]. The meaning [[find out]], [[ask]] is a Greek innovation. -- With (<b class="b3">ἐ-)πύθοντο</b> agrees exactly Skt. <b class="b2">budhánta</b> [[so these are in origin identical]]; complete formal congruence is also found between (<b class="b3">ἄ-)πυστος</b> and Skt. <b class="b2">buddhá-</b>, which functions as ptc. of the caus. <b class="b2">bodháyati</b> ('wakes, illuminates'), to which also Av. [[hupō]]. [[bus-ta-]] [[well scented]]; thus as between [[πύστις]] and Skt. [[buddhi-]] f. [[insight]], [[intelligence]], [[spirit]], between (<b class="b3">ἀ-)πευθής</b> and Av. [[baođah-]] n. [[observation]]; in all these cases one must reckon with independent innovations. A nasalized present like <b class="b3">πυν-θάνομαι</b> is also found in Lith. <b class="b2">bu-n-dù</b>, inf. <b class="b2">bústi</b> [[wake]] (with the suffixed caus. <b class="b2">búd-inu</b>, [[-inti]]) and in Celt., e.g. OIr. [[ad-bond-]] [[give notice]], [[announce]]. Through the strong productivity of these formations is also here original identity doubtful; cf. Schwyzer 701 w. lit. -- Further forms from the diff. languages with rich lit. in WP. 2, 147f., Pok. 150, Mayrhofer s. <b class="b2">bódhati</b>, Fraenkel s. <b class="b2">budė́ti</b>, Vasmer s. <b class="b2">bljudú</b>.

|sngr='''原文音譯'''：punq£nomai 拚他挪買<br />'''詞類次數'''：動詞（12）<br />'''原文字根'''：探知 上 相當於： （[[דַּרְיׄושׁ]]&#x200E; / [[דָּרַשׁ]]&#x200E;）<br />'''字義溯源'''：查問^，問，問說，請問，查知，詢問，學習。參讀 （[[αἰτέω]]）同義字<br />'''出現次數'''：總共（12）；太（1）；路（2）；約（2）；徒（7）<br />'''譯字彙編'''：<br />1） 查問（3） 太2:4； 徒23:19； 徒23:20；<br />2） 問（3） 路15:26； 約13:24； 徒21:33；<br />3） 問說（2） 徒4:7； 徒10:18；<br />4） 查知（1） 徒23:34；<br />5） 請問（1） 徒10:29；<br />6） 他問（1） 約4:52；<br />7） 就問（1） 路18:36