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{{LSJ2
{{LSJ1
|Full diacritics=ἄν
|Full diacritics=ἄν
|Medium diacritics=ἄν
|Medium diacritics=ἄν
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|Transliteration C=an
|Transliteration C=an
|Beta Code=a)/n
|Beta Code=a)/n
|Definition=or ἀν, Epic form of [[ἀνά]].
|Definition=(A), [ᾰ], Ep., Lyr., Ion., Arc., Att.; also κεν) Ep., Aeol., Thess., κᾱ Dor., Boeot., El.; the two combined in Ep. (infr. D. 11.2) and Arc.,<br><span class="bld">A</span> εἰκ ἄν ''IG''5(2).6.2, 15 (iv B. C.):—modal Particle used with Verbs to indicate that the action is limited by circumstances or defined by conditions. In Hom. κε is four times as common as [[ἄν]], in Lyr. about equally common. No clear distinction can be traced, but κε as an enclitic is somewhat less emphatic; [[ἄν]] is preferred by Hom. in negative clauses, κε (ν) with the relative.<br><span class="bld">A</span> In Simple Sentences, and in the Apodosis of Compound Sentences; here [[ἄν]] belongs to the Verb, and denotes that the assertion made by the Verb is dependent on a condition, expressed or implied: thus [[ἦλθεν]] [[he came]], <b class="b3">ἦλθεν ἄν</b> [[he would have come]] (under conditions, which may or may not be defined), and so he might have come; [[ἔλθοι]] [[may he come]], <b class="b3">ἔλθοι ἄν</b> [[he would come]] (under certain conditions), and so [[he might come]].<br><span class="bld">I</span> WITH INDICATIVE:<br><span class="bld">1</span> with historical tenses, generally impf. and aor., less freq. plpf., never pf., v. infr.,<br><span class="bld">a</span> most freq. in apodosis of conditional sentences, with protasis implying nonfulfilment of a past or present condition, and apod. expressing what [[would be]] or [[would have been]] the case if the condition [[were]] or [[had been]] fulfilled. The impf. with [[ἄν]] refers to continued action, in Hom. always in past time, exc. perhaps καί κε θάμ' ἐνθάδ' ἐόντες ἐμισγόμεθ' Od.4. 178; later also in pres. time, first in Thgn.905; <b class="b3">πολὺ ἂν θαυμαστότερον ἦν, εἰ ἐτιμῶντο</b> it [[would be]] far more strange if they were honoured, Pl.''R.''489a; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἂν νήσων ἐκράτει, εἰ μή τι καὶ ναυτικὸν εἶχεν</b> he [[would]] not [[have]] been master of islands if he had not had also some naval power, Th.1.9. The aor. strictly refers only to past time, Pi.''N.''11.24, etc.; <b class="b3">εἰ τότε ταύτην ἔσχε τὴν γνώμην, οὐδὲν ἂν ὧν νυνὶ πεποίηκεν ἔπραξεν</b> if he had then come to this opinion, he [[would have]] accomplished nothing of what he has now done, D.4.5, al., but is used idiomatically with Verbs of saying, answering, etc., as we say [[I should have]] said, εἰ μὴ πατὴρ ἦσθ', εἶπον ἄν σ' οὐκ εὖ φρονεῖν S.''Ant.''755, cf. Pl.''Smp.''199d, ''Euthphr.''12d, etc.: the plpf. refers to completed actions, as <b class="b3">ὃ εἰ ἀπεκρίνω, ἱκανῶς ἂν ἤδη παρὰ σοῦ τὴν ὁσιότητα ἐμεμαθήκη</b> I [[should have]] already learnt... ib.14c; εἰ ὁ ἀνὴρ ἀπέθανεν, δικαίως ἂν ἐτεθνήκει Antipho 4.2.3.<br><span class="bld">b</span> the protasis is freq. understood: <b class="b3">ὑπό κεν ταλασίφρονά περ δέος εἷλεν</b> fear [[would have]] seized even the stout-hearted (had he heard the sound), Il.4.421; <b class="b3">τὸ γὰρ ἔρυμα τῷ στρατοπέδῳ οὐκ ἂν ἐτειχίσαντο</b> they [[would]] not [[have]] built the wall (if they had not won a battle), Th.1.11; <b class="b3">πολλοῦ γὰρ ἂν ἦν ἄξια</b> for (if that were so) they [[would be]] worth much, Pl.''R.''374d; <b class="b3">οὐ γὰρ ἦν ὅ τι ἂν ἐποιεῖτε</b> for there was nothing which you [[could have]] done, i. e. [[would have]] done (if you had tried), D.18.43.<br><span class="bld">c</span> with no definite protasis understood, to express what [[would have been likely to happen]], or [[might have happened]] in past time: <b class="b3">ἢ γάρ μιν ζωόν γε κιχήσεαι, ἤ κεν Ὀρέστης κτεῖνεν ὑποφθάμενος</b> for either you will find him alive, or else Orestes [[may]] already [[have]] killed him before you, Od.4.546; <b class="b3">ὃ θεασάμενος πᾶς ἄν τις ἀνὴρ ἠράσθη δάϊος εἶναι</b> every man who saw this (the 'Seven against Thebes') [[would have]] longed to be a warrior, Ar. ''Ra.''1022; esp. with [[τάχα]], [[quod vide|q.v.]], <b class="b3">ἀλλ' ἦλθε μὲν δὴ τοῦτο τοὔνειδος τάχ' ἂν ὀργῇ βιασθὲν μᾶλλον ἢ γνώμῃ φρενῶν</b>, i. e. it [[might]] perhaps [[have]] come, S.''OT''523; <b class="b3">τάχα ἂν δὲ καὶ ἄλλως πως ἐσπλεύσαντες</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[διέβησαν]]) and they [[might]] also perhaps [[have]] crossed by sea (to Sicily) in some other way, Th.6.2, cf. Pl.''Phdr.''265b.<br><span class="bld">d</span> [[ἄν]] is freq. omitted in apodosi with Verbs expressing obligation, propriety, or possibility, as <b class="b3">ἔδει, ἐχρῆν, εἰκὸς ἦν</b>, etc., and sometimes for rhetorical effect, <b class="b3">εἰ μὴ . . ᾖσμεν, φόβον παρέσχεν</b> it [[had]] caused (for it [[would have]] caused) fear, E.''Hec.''1113. This use becomes more common in later Gk.<br><span class="bld">2</span> with fut. ind.:<br><span class="bld">a</span> frequently in Ep., usually with κεν, rarely [[ἄν]], Il.9.167, 22.66, indicating a limitation or condition, <b class="b3">ὁ δέ κεν κεχολώσεται ὅν κεν ἵκωμαι</b> and he [[will likely be]] angry to whom-[[soever]] I shall come, ib.1.139; <b class="b3">καί κέ τις ὧδ' ἐρέει</b> and in that case men will say, 4.176; ἐγὼ δέ κέ τοι καταλέξω Od.3.80; so in Lyr., μαθὼν δέ τις ἂν ἐρεῖ Pi.''N.''7.68, cf. ''I.''6(5).59.<br><span class="bld">b</span> rarely in codd. of Att. Prose writers, σαφὲς ἂν καταστήσετε Th.1.140; οὐχ ἥκει, οὐδ' ἂν ἥξει δεῦρο Pl.''R.''615d, cf. ''Ap.''29c, X.''An.''2.5.13; dub. in Hp.''Mul.''2.174: in later Prose, Philostr.V A2.21, S E.''M.''9.225: also in Poetry, E.''El.''484, Ar.''Av.''1313; οὐκ ἂν προδώσω Herod.6.36 (corr. <b class="b3">-δοίην</b>):— for [[ἄν]] with fut. inf. and part. v. infr.<br><span class="bld">II</span> WITH SUBJUNCTIVE, only in Ep., the meaning being the same as with the fut. ind. (1.2a), freq. with 1st pers., as <b class="b3">εἰ δέ κε μὴ δώῃσιν, ἐγὼ δέ κεν αὐτὸς ἕλωμαι</b> in that case [[I will]] take her myself, Il.1.324; <b class="b3">πείθευ, ἐγὼ δέ κέ τοι εἰδέω χάριν</b> obey and [[if so]] I will be grateful, 14.235 (the subj. is always introduced by [[δέ]] in this usage); also with other persons, giving emphasis to the future, οὐκ ἄν τοι χραίσμῃ κίθαρις 3.54, al.<br><span class="bld">III</span> WITH OPTATIVE (never fut., rarely pf. <b class="b3">πῶς ἂν λελήθοι [με</b>]; X.''Smp.''3.6):<br><span class="bld">a</span> in apodosis of conditional sentences, after protasis in opt. with [[εἰ]] or some other conditional or relative word, expressing a fut. condition: ἀλλ' εἴ μοί τι πίθοιο, τό κεν πολὺ κέρδιον εἴη Il.7.28; οὐ πολλὴ ἂν ἀλογία εἴη, εἰ φοβοῖτο τὸν θάνατον; Pl.''Phd.''68b:—in Hom. pres. and aor. opt. with κε or [[ἄν]] are sometimes used like impf. and aor. ind. with [[ἄν]] in Attic, with either regular ind. or another opt. in the protasis: <b class="b3">καί νύ κεν ἔνθ' ἀπόλοιτο . . εἰ μὴ . . νόησε κτλ</b>., i. e. he [[would have]] perished, had she not perceived, etc., Il.5.311, cf. 5.388, 17.70; <b class="b3">εἰ νῦν ἐπὶ ἄλλῳ ἀεθλεύοιμεν, ἦ τ' ἂν ἐγὼ . . κλισίηνδε φεροίμην</b> if we were now contending in another's honour, I [[should]] now carry... ib.23.274: so rarely in Trag., <b class="b3">οὐδ' ἂν σὺ φαίης, εἴ σε μὴ κνίζοι λέχος</b> (for <b class="b3">εἰ μὴ ἔκνιζε</b>) E.''Med.''568.<br><span class="bld">b</span> with protasis in pres. or fut., the opt. with [[ἄν]] in apodosi takes a simply future sense: <b class="b3">φρούριον δ' εἰ ποιήσονται, τῆς μὲν γῆς βλάπτοιεν ἄν τι μέρος</b> they [[might perhaps]] damage, Th.1.142, cf. 2.60, Pl.''Ap.''25b, ''R.''333e; ἢν οὖν μάθῃς . . οὐκ ἂν ἀποδοίην Ar.''Nu.''116, cf. D.1.26, al.<br><span class="bld">c</span> with protasis understood: φεύγωμεν· ἔτι γάρ κεν ἀλύξαιμεν κακὸν ἦμαρ Od.10.269; <b class="b3">οὔτε ἐσθίουσι πλείω ἢ δύνανται φέρειν· διαρραγεῖεν γὰρ ἄν</b> for (if they should do so) they [[would]] burst, X. ''Cyr.''8.2.21; <b class="b3">τὸν δ' οὔ κε δύ' ἀνέρε . . ἀπ' οὔδεος ὀχλίσσειαν</b> two men [[could]] not heave the stone from the ground, i. e. [[would]] not, if they should try, Il.12.447; οὐδ' ἂν δικαίως ἐς κακὸν πέσοιμί τι S.''Ant.''240, cf. D.2.8: in Hom. sometimes with ref. to past time, Τυδεΐδην οὐκ ἂν γνοίης ποτέροισι μετείη Il.5.85.<br><span class="bld">d</span> with no definite protasis implied, in potential sense: <b class="b3">ἡδέως δ' ἂν ἐροίμην Λεπτίνην</b> but I [[would]] gladly ask Leptines, D.20.129; <b class="b3">βουλοίμην ἄν</b> I [[should]] like, Lat. [[velim]] (but <b class="b3">ἐβουλόμην ἄν</b> I [[should]] wish, if it were of any avail, [[vellem]]); <b class="b3">ποῖ οὖν τραποίμεθ' ἄν;</b> which way then [[can]] we turn? Pl.''Euthd.''290a; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἂν μεθείμην τοῦ θρόνου</b> I [[will]] not give up the throne, Ar.''Ra.''830; idiomatically, referring to the past, <b class="b3">αὗται δὲ οὐκ ἂν πολλαὶ εἶεν</b> but these [[would]] not (on investigation) prove to be many, Th.1.9; <b class="b3">εἴησαν δ' ἂν οὗτοι Κρῆτες</b> these [[would]] be (i. e. [[would have]] been) Cretans, Hdt.1.2: used in order to soften assertions by giving them a less positive form, as <b class="b3">οὐκ ἂν οὖν πάνυ γέ τι σπουδαῖον εἴη ἡ δικαιοσύνη</b>, i.e. it [[would]] not [[prove to be]], etc. (for, it [[is]] not, etc.), Pl.''R.'' 333e.<br><span class="bld">e</span> in questions, expressing a wish: τίς ἂν θεῶν . . δοίη; S.''OC'' 1100, cf.A.''Ag.''1448; πῶς ἂν θάνοιμι; S.''Aj.''389: hence (with no question) as a mild command, exhortation, or entreaty, τλαίης κεν Μενελάῳ ἐπιπροέμεν ταχὺν ἰόν Il.4.94; <b class="b3">σὺ μὲν κομίζοις ἂν σεαυτὸν ᾗ θέλεις</b> you [[may]] take yourself off (milder than <b class="b3">κόμιζε σεαυτόν</b>), S.''Ant.''444; <b class="b3">χωροῖς ἂν εἴσω</b> you [[may]] go in, ''El.''1491; <b class="b3">κλύοις ἂν ἤδη, Φοῖβε</b> hear me now, Phoebus, ib.637; <b class="b3">φράζοις ἄν, λέγοις ἄν</b>, Pl.''Phlb.''23c, 48b.<br><span class="bld">f</span> in a protasis which is also an apodosis: <b class="b3">εἴπερ ἄλλῳ τῳ ἀνθρώπων πειθοίμην ἄν, καὶ σοὶ πείθομαι</b> if I [[would]] trust any (other) man (if he gave me his word), I trust you, Id.''Prt.''329b; <b class="b3">εἰ μὴ ποιήσαιτ' ἂν τοῦτο</b> if you [[would]] not do this (if you could), D.4.18, cf. X.''Mem.''1.5.3, Plot.6.4.16.<br><span class="bld">g</span> rarely omitted with opt. in apodosis: ῥεῖα θεός γ' ἐθέλων καὶ τηλόθεν ἄνδρα σαώσαι Od.3.231, cf. 14.123, Il.5.303; also in Trag., θᾶσσον ἢ λέγοι τις E.''Hipp.''1186; τεὰν δύνασιν τίς . . κατάσχοι; S.''Ant.''605.<br><span class="bld">h</span> [[ἄν]] c. fut. opt. is prob. always corrupt (cf. 1.2b), as <b class="b3">τὸν αὐτὸν ἂν ἐπαινέσοι</b> ([[ἐπαινέσαι]] Bekk.) Pl.''Lg.''719e; <b class="b3">εἰδὼς ὅτι οὐδέν' ἂν καταλήψοιτο</b> ([[οὐδένα]] Bekk.) Lys.1.22.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> WITH INF. and PART. (sts. ADJ. equivalent to part., τῶν δυνατῶν ἂν κρῖναι Pl.''R.''577b) representing ind. or opt.:<br><span class="bld">1</span> pres. inf. or part.:<br><span class="bld">a</span> representing impf. ind., <b class="b3">οἴεσθε τὸν πατέρα . . οὐκ ἂν φυλάττειν;</b> do you think he [[would]] not [[have]] kept them safe? (οὐκ ἂν ἐφύλαττεν), D.49.35; <b class="b3">ἀδυνάτων ἂν ὄντων [ὑμῶν] ἐπιβοηθεῖν</b> when you [[would have]] been unable, Th.1.73, cf. 4.40.<br><span class="bld">b</span> representing pres. opt., <b class="b3">πόλλ' ἂν ἔχων</b> (representing <b class="b3">ἔχοιμ' ἄν</b>) ἕτερ' εἰπεῖν παραλείπω D. 18.258, cf. X.''An.''2.3.18: with Art., τὸ ἐθέλειν ἂν ἰέναι ἄκλητος ἐπὶ δεῖπνον Pl.''Smp.''174b.<br><span class="bld">2</span> aor. inf. or part.:<br><span class="bld">a</span> representing aor. ind., <b class="b3">οὐκ ἂν ἡγεῖσθ' αὐτὸν κἂν ἐπιδραμεῖν;</b> do you not think he [[would]] even [[have]] run thither? (καὶ ἐπέδραμεν ἄν), D.27.56; <b class="b3">ἴσμεν ὑμᾶς ἀναγκασθέντας ἄν</b> we know you [[would have]] been compelled, Th.1.76, cf. 3.89; <b class="b3">ῥᾳδίως ἂν ἀφεθείς</b> when he [[might]] easily [[have]] been acquitted, X.''Mem.''4.4.4.<br><span class="bld">b</span> representing aor. opt., <b class="b3">οὐδ' ἂν κρατῆσαι αὐτοὺς τῆς γῆς ἡγοῦμαι</b> I think they [[would]] not even be masters of the land (οὐδ' ἂν κρατήσειαν), Th.6.37, cf. 2.20; <b class="b3">ὁρῶν ῥᾳδίως ἂν αὐτὸ ληφθέν</b> (ληφθείη ἄν) Id.7.42; <b class="b3">οὔτε ὄντα οὔτε ἂν γενόμενα</b>, i.e. things which are not and never [[could]] happen (ἃ οὔτε ἂν γένοιτο), Id.6.38.<br><span class="bld">3</span> pf. inf. or part. representing:<br><span class="bld">a</span> plpf. ind., <b class="b3">πάντα ταῦθ' ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων ἂν ἑαλωκέναι</b> (φήσειεν ἄν) he [[would]] say that all these [[would have]] been destroyed by the barbarians (ἑαλώκη ἄν), D.19.312.<br><span class="bld">b</span> pf. opt., <b class="b3">οὐκ ἂν ἡγοῦμαι αὐτοὺς δίκην ἀξίαν δεδωκέναι, εἰ . . καταψηφίσαισθε</b> I do not believe they [[would]] (then) have suffered (δεδωκότες ἂν εἶεν) punishment enough, etc., Lys.27.9.<br><span class="bld">4</span> fut. inf.or part., never in Ep., and prob. always corrupt in Att., <b class="b3">νομίζων μέγιστον ἂν σφᾶς ὠφελήσειν</b> (leg. <b class="b3">-ῆσαι</b>) Th.5.82, cf. 6.66, 8.25,71; part. is still more exceptional, ὡς ἐμοῦ οὐκ ἂν ποιήσοντος ἄλλα Pl.''Ap.''30c (codd.), cf. D.19.342 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]]); both are found in later Gk., νομίσαντες ἂν οἰκήσειν οὕτως ἄριστα Plb.8.30.8, cf. Plu.''Marc.''15, Arr.''An.''2.2.3; with part., Epicur. ''Nat.''14.1, Luc.''Asin.''26, Lib.''Or.''62.21, dub. l. in Arr.''An.''6.6.5.<br><span class="bld">B</span> IN DEPENDENT CLAUSES.<br><span class="bld">I</span> In the protasis of conditional sentences with [[εἰ]], regularly with the subjunctive. In Attic <b class="b3">εἰ ἄν</b> is contracted into [[ἐάν]], [[ἤν]], or [[ἄν]] (ᾱ) ([[quod vide|q.v.]]): Hom. has generally <b class="b3">εἴ κε</b> (or <b class="b3">αἴ κε</b>), sometimes [[ἤν]], once εἰ δ' ἄν Il.3.288, twice εἴπερ ἄν 5.224, 232. The protasis expresses either future condition (with apod. of fut. time) or general condition (with apod. of repeated action): <b class="b3">εἰ δέ κεν ὣς ἔρξῃς καί τοι πείθωνται Ἀχαιοί, γνώσῃ ἔπειθ' ὅς</b> . . if thus thou shalt do... ib.2.364; <b class="b3">ἢν ἐγγὺς ἔλθῃ θάνατος, οὐδεὶς βούλεται θνῄσκειν</b> if death (ever) come near... E.''Alc.''671.<br><span class="bld">2</span> in relative or temporal clauses with a conditional force; here [[ἄν]] coalesces with <b class="b3">ὅτε, ὁπότε, ἐπεί, ἐπειδή</b>, cf. [[ὅταν]], [[ὁπόταν]], [[ἐπήν]] or [[ἐπάν]] (Ion. [[ἐπεάν]]) <b class="b3">, ἐπειδάν</b>: Hom. has <b class="b3">ὅτε κε</b> (sts. <b class="b3">ὅτ' ἄν</b>) <b class="b3">, ὁππότε κε</b> (sts. <b class="b3">ὁπότ' ἄν</b> or <b class="b3">ὁππότ' ἄν</b>) <b class="b3">, ἐπεί κε</b> (ἐπεὶ ἄν Il.6.412), <b class="b3">ἐπήν, εὖτ' ἄν;</b> v. also [[εἰσόκε]] (εἰς ὅ κε):<b class="b3">—τάων ἥν κ' ἐθέλωμι φίλην ποιήσομ' ἄκοιτιν</b> whomsoever of these I [[may]] wish... Il.9.397; <b class="b3">ὅταν δὴ μὴ σθένω, πεπαύσομαι</b> when I shall have no strength... S.''Ant.''91; <b class="b3">ἐχθρὸς γάρ μοι κεῖνος . . ὅς χ' ἕτερον μὲν κεύθῃ ἐνὶ φρεσίν, ἄλλο δὲ εἴπῃ</b> who[[ever]] conceals one thing in his mind and speaks another, Il.9.312, cf. D.4.6, Th.1.21. —Hom. uses subj. in both the above constructions (''1'' and 2) without <b class="b3">ἄν;</b> also Trag. and Com., S.''Aj.''496, Ar.''Eq.''805; [[μέχρι]] and [[πρίν]] occasionally take subj. without [[ἄν]] in prose, e.g. Th.1.137,4.16 (μέχρι οὗ), Pl.''Phd.''62c, Aeschin.3.60.<br><span class="bld">3</span> in final clauses introduced by relative Advbs., as [[ὡς]], [[ὅπως]] (of Manner), [[ἵνα]] (of [[place]]), [[ὄφρα]], [[ἕως]], etc. (of [[time]]), freq. in Ep., σαώτερος ὥς κε νέηαι Il.1.32; ὄφρα κεν εὕδῃ Od.3.359; ὅπως ἂν εἰδῇ . . φράσω A.''Pr.''824; ὅπως ἂν φαίνηται κάλλιστος Pl.''Smp.''198e; μηχανητέον ὅπως ἂν διαφύγῃ ''Grg.'' 481a (where [[ὅπως]] with fut. ind. is the regular constr.); also after [[ὡς]] in Hdt., Trag., X.''An.''2.5.16, al., once in Th.6.91 (but fut. ind. is regular in Att.); [[ἵνα]] final does not take [[ἄν]] or κε exc. ἵνα εἰδότες ἤ κε θάνωμεν ἤ κεν . . φύγοιμεν Od.12.156 ([[ἵνα]] = [[where]] in S.''OC''405). [[μή]], = [[lest]], takes [[ἄν]] only with opt. in apodosis, as S.''Tr.''631, Th.2.93.<br><span class="bld">II</span> in Ep. sometimes with OPTATIVE as with subj. (always κε (ν), exc. εἴ περ ἂν αὐταὶ Μοῦσαι ἀείδοιεν Il.2.597), εἴ κεν Ἄρης οἴχοιτο Od.8.353; <b class="b3">ὥς κε . . δοίη ᾧ κ' ἐθέλοι</b> that he [[might]] give her to whomsoever he [[might]] please, ib.2.54: so in Hdt. in final clauses, 1.75,99:—in Od.23.135 <b class="b3">ὥς κέν τις φαίη, κέν</b> belongs to Verb in apod., as in ὡς δ' ἂν ἥδιστα ταῦτα φαίνοιτο X.''Cyr.''7.5.81.<br><span class="bld">2</span> rarely in [[oratio obliqua]], where a relat. or temp. word retains an [[ἄν]] which it would have with subj. in direct form, S.''Tr.''687, X.''Mem.''1.2.6, Isoc.17.15; ἐπειδὰν δοκιμασθείην D.30.6:—similarly after a preceding opt., οὐκ ἀποκρίναιο ἕως ἂν . . σκέψαιο Pl.''Phd.''101d.<br><span class="bld">III</span> rarely with [[εἰ]] and INDICATIVE in protasis, only in Ep.:<br><span class="bld">1</span> with fut. ind. as with subj.: αἴ κεν Ἰλίου πεφιδήσεται Il.15.213:—so with relat., οἵ κέ με τιμήσουσι 1.175.<br><span class="bld">2</span> with [[εἰ]] and a past tense of ind., once in Hom., εἰ δέ κ' ἔτι προτέρω γένετο δρόμος Il.23.526; so <b class="b3">Ζεὺς γάρ κ' ἔθηκε νῆσον εἴ κ' ἐβούλετο</b> Orac. ap. Hdt.1.174, cf. Ar.''Lys.'' 1099 (cod. R), A.R.1.197.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> in later Greek, [[ἄν]] with relative words is used with INDICATIVE in all tenses, as ὅπου ἂν εἰσεπορεύετο ''Ev.Marc.''6.56; ὅσ' ἂν πάσχετε ''PFay.''136 (iv A. D.); ἔνθ' ἂν πέφυκεν ἡ ὁλότης εἶναι Phlp. ''in Ph.''436.19; cf. [[ἐάν]], [[ὅταν]].<br><span class="bld">C</span> with impf. and more rarely aor. ind. in ITERATIVE construction, to express elliptically a condilion fulfilled whenever an opportumty offered; freq. in Hdt. (not in Pi. or A.), <b class="b3">κλαίεσκε ἂν καὶ ὀδυρέσκετο</b> she [[would]] (i. e. [[used to]]) weep and lament, 3.119; εἶτα πῦρ ἂν οὐ παρῆν S.''Ph.''295; <b class="b3">εἴ τινες ἴδοιεν... ἀνεθάρσησαν ἄν</b> whenever they saw it, on each occasion, Th.7.71; διηρώτων ἂν αὐτοὺς τί λέγοιεν Pl.''Ap.''22b: inf. representing impf. of this constr., <b class="b3">ἀκούω Λακεδαιμονίους τότε ἐμβαλόντας ἂν . . ἀναχωρεῖν</b>, i. e. I hear they [[used to]] retire (ἀνεχώρουν ἄν), D.9.48.<br><span class="bld">D</span> GENERAL REMARKS:<br><span class="bld">I</span> POSITION OF [[ἄν]].<br><span class="bld">1</span> in A, when [[ἄν]] does not coalesce with the relat. word (as in [[ἐάν]], [[ὅταν]]), it follows directly or is separated only by other particles, as <b class="b3">μέν, δέ, τε, ga/r, kai/, νυ, περ,</b> etc.; as εἰ μέν κεν . . εἰ δέ κε Il.3.281-4; rarely by τις, as ὅποι τις ἄν, οἶμαι, προσθῇ D.2.14:—in Hom. and Hes. two such Particles may precede κε, as εἴ περ γάρ κεν Od.8.355, cf. Il.2.123; <b class="b3">εἰ γάρ τίς κε, ὃς μὲν γάρ κε</b>, Hes.''Op.''280,357; rarely in Prose, ὅποι μὲν γὰρ ἄν D.4.45; ὁπότερος οὖν ἄν Ar.''Ra.''1420: also ὁπόσῳ πλέον ἄν Pl.''Lg.''647e, cf. 850a; ὅπου τὸ πάλαι λεγόμενον ἂν γίγνηται 739c.<br><span class="bld">2</span> in apodosis, [[ἄν]] may stand either next to its Verb (before or after it), or after some other emphatic word, esp. an interrog., a negative (e. g. <b class="b3">οὐδ' ἂν εἷς, οὐκ ἂν ἔτι</b>, etc.), or an important Adjective or Adverb; also after a participle which represents the protasis, <b class="b3">λέγοντος ἄν τινος πιστεῦσαι οἴεσθε;</b> do you think they [[would have]] believed it if any one had told them? (εἴ τις ἔλεγεν, ἐπίστευσαν ἄν), D.6.20.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[ἄν]] is freq. separated from its inf. by such Verbs as <b class="b3">οἴομαι, δοκέω, φημί, οἶδα</b>, etc., <b class="b3">οὐκ ἂν οἴει</b> . .; freq. in Pl., ''Grg.''486d, al.; <b class="b3">καὶ νῦν ἡδέως ἄν μοι δοκῶ κοινωνῆσαι</b> I think that I [[should]], X.''Cyr.''8.7.25; οὕτω γὰρ ἄν μοι δοκεῖ ἥ τε πόλις ἄριστα διοικεῖσθαι Aeschin.3.2; <b class="b3">ἃ μήτε προῄδει μηδεὶς μήτ' ἂν ᾠήθη τήμερον ῥηθῆναι</b> (where [[ἄν]] belongs to [[ῥηθῆναι]]) D. 18.225:—in the phrase <b class="b3">οὐκ οἶδ' ἂν εἰ</b>, or <b class="b3">οὐκ ἂν οἶδ' εἰ, ἄν</b> belongs not to [[οἶδα]], but to the Verb which follows, <b class="b3">οὐκ οἶδ' ἂν εἰ πείσαιμι</b>, for <b class="b3">οὐκ οἶδα εἰ πείσαιμι ἄν</b>, E.''Med.''941, cf. ''Alc.''48; οὐκ ἂν οἶδ' εἰ δυναίμην Pl. ''Ti.''26b; οὐκ οἶδ' ἂν εἰ ἐκτησάμην X.''Cyr.''5.4.12.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[ἄν]] never begins a sentence, or even a clause after a comma, but may stand first after a parenthetic clause, ἀλλ', ὦ μέλ', ἄν μοι σιτίων διπλῶν ἔδει Ar.''Pax'' †37.<br><span class="bld">II</span> REPETITION OF [[ἄν]]:—in apodosis [[ἄν]] may be used twice or even three times with the same Verb, either to make the condition felt throughout a long sentence, or to emphasize certain words, ὥστ' ἄν, εἰ σθένος λάβοιμι, δηλώσαιμ' ἄν S.''El.''333, cf. ''Ant.''69, A.''Ag.'' 340, Th.1.76 (fin.), 2.41, Pl.''Ap.''31a, Lys.20.15; ἀφανεῖς ἂν ὄντες οὐκ ἂν ὑμνήθημεν ἄν E.''Tr.''1244, cf. S.''Fr.''739; attached to a parenthetical phrase, <b class="b3">ἔδρασ' ἄν, εὖ τοῦτ' ἴσθ' ἄν, εἰ</b> . . Id.''OT''1438.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[ἄν]] is coupled with κε (ν) a few times in Hom., as Il.11.187,202, Od.5.361, al.; cf. <b class="b3">ἤν περ γάρ κ' ἐθέλωσιν</b> [[varia lectio|v.l.]] ib.18.318.<br><span class="bld">III</span> ELLIPSIS OF VERB:—sts. the Verb to which [[ἄν]] belongs must be supplied, in Hom. only [[εἰμί]], as <b class="b3">τάτ' ἔλδεται ὅς κ' ἐπιδευής</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[ᾖ]]) Il.5.481; <b class="b3">ἀλλ' οὐκ ἂν πρὸ τοῦ</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[ἔρρεγκον]]) Ar.''Nu.''5; <b class="b3">τί δ' ἂν δοκεῖ σοι Πρίαμος</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[πρᾶξαι]]), εἰ τάδ' ἤνυσεν; A.''Ag.''935:—so in phrases like [[πῶς γὰρ ἄν]]; and <b class="b3">πῶς οὐκ ἄν</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[εἴη]]); also in <b class="b3">ὥσπερ ἂν εἰ</b> (or [[ὡσπερανεί]]), as <b class="b3">φοβούμενος ὥσπερ ἂν εἰ παῖς</b> (i. e. <b class="b3">ὥσπερ ἂν ἐφοβήθη εἰ παῖς ἦν</b>) Pl.''Grg.''479a; so <b class="b3">τοσοῦτον ἐφρόνησαν, ὅσον περ ἂν</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[ἐφρόνησαν]]) εἰ . . Isoc.10.48:—so also when <b class="b3">κἂν εἰ</b>( = [[καὶ ἂν εἰ]]) has either no Verb in the apod. or one to which [[ἄν]] cannot belong, Pl.''R.''477a, ''Men.''72c; cf. [[κἄν]]:—so the Verb of a protasis containing [[ἄν]] may be understood, <b class="b3">ὅποι τις ἂν προσθῇ, κἂν μικρὰν δύναμιν</b> (i. e. <b class="b3">καὶ ἐὰν προσθῇ</b>) D.2.14; <b class="b3">ὡς ἐμοῦ οὖν ἰόντος ὅπῃ ἂν καὶ ὑμεῖς</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[ἴητε]]) X.''An.''1.3.6.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> ELLIPSIS OF [[ἄν]]:—when an apodosis consists of several co-ordinate clauses, [[ἄν]] is generally used only in the first and understood in the others: πείθοι' ἂν εἰ πείθοι'· ἀπειθοίης δ' ἴσως A.''Ag.''1049: even when the construction is continued in a new sentence, Pl.''R.''352e, cf. 439b codd.: but [[ἄν]] is repeated for the sake of clearness or emphasis, ib. 398a, cf. D.19.156 (where an opt. is implied with the third [[ὡς]]): rarely expressed with the second of two co-ordinate Verbs and understood with the first, <b class="b3">τοῦτον ἂν . . θαρσοίην ἐγὼ καλῶς μὲν ἄρχειν, εὖ δ' ἂν ἄρχεσθαι θέλειν</b> (i. e. <b class="b3">καλῶς μὲν ἂν ἄρχοι, εὖ δ' ἂν θέλοι ἄρχεσθαι</b>) S.''Ant.''669.<br><br>(B), [ᾱ], Att., = [[ἐάν]], [[ἤν]], Th.4.46 codd., al.; freq. in Pl., ἂν σωφρονῇ ''Phd.''61b; <b class="b3">ἂν θεὸς θέλῃ</b> ib.80d, cf. D.4.50; ἄν τ' . . ἄν τε Arist. ''Ath.''48.4: not common in earlier Att. Inscrr., ''IG''1.2a5, 2.179b49, al.: but freq. later, ''SIG''1044.27 (iv/iii B. C.), ''PPetr.''2p.47 (iii B. C.), ''PPar.''32.19 (ii B. C.), ''PTeb.''110.8 (i B. C.), ''Ev.Jo.''20.23, etc.<br><br>(C) or ἀν, Epic form of [[ἀνά]], [[quod vide|q.v.]]<br><br>(D), shortened from [[ἄνα]], v. sub [[ἀνά]] G.
}}
}}
{{DGE
{{DGE
|dgtxt=<b class="num">• Prosodia:</b> [ᾰ]<br /><b class="num">• Morfología:</b> ép. át., jón., arcad.; tienen usos aproximadamente paralelos las partículas κε(ν) en ép., κε en eol., tes., chipr., κα en beoc, locr., foc., el., aqu., megar., lacon.; puede elidirse ante vocal κ'. En Hom. y lír. concurren ἄν y κε(ν), alternando o reforzándose, en Hom. κε(ν) es un 80% más frecuente que ἄν; en Pi. y lír. la proporción desciende hasta nivelarse. Aparentemente no hay diferencias notorias de significado pero sí de distribución, en Hom. ἄν abunda en frases negativas, siendo κε(ν) mucho más usado en frases afirmativas, en el arcad. εἰκ ἄν <i>IG</i> 5(2).6.15 (Tegea IV a.C.), εἰκ, si no es un recurso antihiático, o falso corte por εἰ κἄν, contiene κ' ante ἄν; cf. chipr. κε y arc. εἰκ ἐπί <i>IG</i> 5(2).3.21 (Tegea IV a.C.), falta κ' en arc. εἰ δ' ἄν <i>IG</i> 5(2).6.15, 45 (Tegea IV a.C.).<br /><b class="num">A</b> c. ind.<br /><b class="num">I</b> indicando posibilidad en el pres. o pasado<br /><b class="num">1</b> c. impf. c. verbos de voluntad y capacidad, indica posibilidad en el presente ἀριθμὸν δὲ γράψαι ... οὐκ ἄν ἐδυνάμην ἀκριβῶς escribir el número ... no sería capaz de hacerlo con exactitud</i> Th.5.68, [[ἐγώ]] δ' ἐβουλόμην ἂν αὐτοὺς ἀληθῆ λέγειν yo quisiera que ellos dijesen la verdad</i> Lys.12.22.<br /><b class="num">2</b> c. impf. y aor. cuando no hay prótasis ἀλλ' ἦλθε μὲν δὴ τοῦτο τοὔνειδος τάχ' ἂν ὀργῇ βιασθέν más llegó esta injuria quizá por efecto de la ira</i> S.<i>OT</i> 523, πληγῆς κτύπον γὰρ πᾶς τις ᾔσθετ' ἂν σαφῶς cualquiera pudo tener conocimiento evidente del golpe</i> E.<i>IA</i> 1582.<br /><b class="num">3</b> usos neutros en condicionales: después de Hom. (cf. A II 1) ἄν c. impf. rara vez indica irrealidad en el pasado, pero hay ejemplos con valor de pasado y matiz de posibilidad εἰ ἦσαν ἄνδρες ἀγαθοί ... οὐκ ἄν ποτε ταῦτα ἔπασχον si estos hombres hubieran sido buenos políticos ... nunca les habría podido pasar eso (el ostracismo)</i>, Pl.<i>Grg</i>.516e, οὐκ ἂν ... νήσων ... ἐκράτει, εἰ μή τι καὶ ναυτικὸν εἶχεν no habría podido dominar las islas si no hubiera tenido cierto poderío naval</i> Th.1.9, ἐδόκει δ' ἂν ἀμφότερα ταῦτα, εἰ προαγορεύων ὡς ὑπὸ θεοῦ φαινόμενα καὶ ψευδόμενος ἐφαίνετο X.<i>Mem</i>.1.1.5, οὐ γὰρ ἦν ὅτι ἂν ἐποιεῖτε pues no había nada que pudierais hacer</i> D.18.43<br /><b class="num">•</b>igualmente, aunque ἄν c. aor. indica después de Hom. irrealidad de pasado, en ocasiones se conserva el matiz neutro de posibilidad τὸ γὰρ ἔρυμα τῷ στρατοπέδῳ οὐκ ἂν ἐτειχίσαντο pues no habrían podido construir la fortificación para la defensa de su ejército</i> Th.1.11, cf. οὐδ' ἂν ἔτι φράδμων περ ἀνὴρ Σαρπηδόνα δῖον ἔγνω pues ya ni un familiar habría reconocido o podido reconocer ... a Sarpedón divino (en caso de estar presente)</i> <i>Il</i>.16.638.<br /><b class="num">II</b> indicando irrealidad, c. apódosis explícita o implícita<br /><b class="num">1</b> en Hom. siempre se trata de irrealidad en el pasado, c. impf. y aor. (pero cf. A I 2) ἦ τ' ἂν πολὺ κέρδιον ἦεν habría sido en verdad mucho más ventajoso (en caso de que ...)</i> <i>Il</i>.5.201.<br /><b class="num">2</b> después de Hom.:<br /><b class="num">a)</b> c. impf. denota irrealidad de presente εἰ μὲν γὰρ κατιδεῖν βιότου τέλος ἦν ... εἰκὸς ἂν ἦν ... porque si fuera posible conocer la hora de la muerte ... sería natural ...</i> Thgn.905, ὅ (τὸ φῶς) γ' εἰ μὴ εἴχομεν, ὅμοιοι τοῖς τυφλοῖς ἂν ἦμεν X.<i>Mem</i>.4.3.3 (cf. A I 3);<br /><b class="num">b)</b> c. aor. denota irrealidad de pasado οὐκ ἂν ἐποίησεν [[Ἀγασίας]] ταῦτα, εἰ μὴ ἐγὼ αὐτὸν ἐκέλευσα Agasias no habría hecho eso si yo no se lo hubiera ordenado</i> X.<i>An</i>.6.6.15, c. verbos de ‘[[decir]]’, ‘[[responder]]’, etc. se da tb. tras la irrealidad de presente por <i>uariatio</i> εἰ μὴ πατὴρ ἦσθ', [[εἶπον]] ἄν σ' οὐκ εὖ φρονεῖν si no fueras mi padre, te habría dicho ya que no estás en tu sano juicio</i> S.<i>Ant</i>.755;<br /><b class="num">c)</b> c. plusperf. indica irrealidad de pasado ὃ εἰ ἀπεκρίνω, ἱκανῶς ἂν ἤδη παρὰ σοῦ τὴν ὁσιότητα ἐμεμαθήκη Pl.<i>Euthphr</i>.14c.<br /><b class="num">III</b> gener. c. impf. y a veces c. aor. en or. principales indica iteración en el pasado, puede traducirse por giros c. [[continuamente]] o [[soler]] κλαίεσκε ἂν καὶ ὀδυρέσκετο lloraba y se lamentaba continuamente</i> Hdt.3.119, αὐτὸς ἂν τάλας εἰλυόμην yo, desgraciado, tenía que arrastrarme</i> S.<i>Ph</i>.290, ὁ μὲν γράφων οὐκ ἂν ἐπρέσβευσεν, ὁ δὲ πρεσβεύων οὐκ ἂν ἔγραψεν D.18.219, εἰ μέν τινες ἴδοιεν ... ἀνεθάρσησαν ... ἄν siempre que veían ... levantaban el ánimo</i> Th.7.71<br /><b class="num">•</b>en gr. tard. puede usarse c. este sent. cualquier tiempo después de pron. y conj. relat. ὅπου ἂν εἰσεπορεύετο εἰς κώμας a cualquier pueblo que fuera (como solía hacer)</i> <i>Eu.Marc</i>.6.56, ὅσοι ἂν ἥψαντο αὐτοῦ ἐσώζοντο <i>Eu.Marc</i>.6.56, ἔχετέ με ἰς ὅσ' ἂν πάσχετε <i>PFay</i>.136.2 (IV a.C.), [[ἔνθα]] ἂν πέφυκεν ἡ ὁλότης εἶναι τοῦ πυρός Phlp.<i>in Ph</i>.436.19.<br /><b class="num">IV</b> c. fut. indica una limitación o condición, muy frec. en ép. y más c. κε(ν) q.u., pero raro en át. εἰ μὲν ζώουσι ... ἦ τ' ἂν ἔπειτα ... ἀπολυσόμεθ' si viven ... nos será posible rescatarlos más tarde</i>, <i>Il</i>.22.49, πληθὺν δ' οὐκ ἂν ἐγὼ μυθήσομαι ... οὐδ' εἴ μοι [[δέκα]] μὲν γλῶσσαι la muchedumbre me sería imposible contarla ... aunque tuviera diez lenguas</i>, <i>Il</i>.2.488<br /><b class="num">•</b>el uso de ἄν c. ind. fut. es raro en la poesía posterior a Hom. σχολῇ ποθ' ἥξειν δεῦρ' ἂν ἐξηύχουν [[ἐγώ]] S.<i>Ant</i>.390, bastante más raro e inseguro en prosa clásica οὐδ' ἂν ἥξει [[δεῦρο]] Pl.<i>R</i>.615d, en lit. heleníst. y tard. esp. en prosa χιλίων εὔντων ἔνα οὐκ ἂν ὄστις σαπρός ἐστι προσδώσω aunque tuviera mil no daría ni uno solo ni aunque estuviera podrido</i> (del [[βαυβών]]) Herod.6.36, οὐ γὰρ ἂν πρὸς τὴν Ἰνδικὴν πᾶσαν ξυμφρονοῦσαν παρατάξεσθαί ποτε αὐτόν pues no haría frente a toda la India coaligada</i> Philostr.<i>VA</i> 2.21, οὐδὲ ἐκ σώματος ἔσται ποτ' ἂν τὰ ἀσώματον S.E.<i>M</i>.9.225.<br /><b class="num">B</b> c. subj.<br /><b class="num">I</b> en or. principal, sólo aparece en ép.: tiene sentido próximo al fut., indica algo que se espera suceda en determinadas circunstancias (eventual) εἰ μὲν δὴ ἀντίβιον ... πειρηθείης, οὐκ ἄν τοι χραίσμῃσι [[βιός]] si frente a frente ... te mides, no va a valerte el arco</i>, <i>Il</i>.11.387, τάχ' ἄν ποτε θυμὸν ὀλέσσῃ pronto es posible que pierda la vida</i>, <i>Il</i>.1.205, οὐκ ἄν τοι χραίσμῃ κίθαρις <i>Il</i>.3.54.<br /><b class="num">II</b> en subordinadas<br /><b class="num">1</b> en las prótasis de condicionales, donde se combina c. εἰ dando un valor eventual o iterativo<br /><b class="num">•</b>en ép. se encuentra εἴ κε (cf. [[εἰ]] B II), αἴ κε (cf. [[αἴ]] I 2, 3), en dór. αἴκα, αἴκε, ante vocal [[αἰκ]]'<br /><b class="num">•</b>en jón. y át. hay ya εἰ ἄν, cf. [[εἰ]] δ' ἄν <i>Il</i>.3.288, ya [[ἐάν]], ἄν o ἤν, v. [[εἰ]]B II<br /><b class="num">•</b>existen tb. combinaciones c. otras partíc. en las formas [[ἐάν]] περ, ἤν περ q.u. (de [[εἴπερ]] más ἄν) esp. en inscr. y át. Si en la apódosis el tiempo es el fut., ἄν supone una condición particular relativa al fut. ἔσσεται ἧμαρ ὅτ' ἄν ποτ' ὀλώλῃ Ἴλιος ἱρή un día habrá en que perezca la sagrada Ilio</i>, <i>Il</i>.6.448, cf. Pl.<i>Ap</i>.30e<br /><b class="num">•</b>cuando en la apódosis aparece el presente, indica un hecho general cuya realización se espera ἢν δ' ἐγγὺς ἔλθῃ θάνατος, οὐδεὶς βούλεται θνῄσκειν E.<i>Alc</i>.671<br /><b class="num">•</b>alguna vez en lugar del pres. puede aparecer el perf. o un aor. gnómico ὣς δὲ καὶ ἢν σεισμὸς γένηται ... τέρας νενόμισται Hdt.4.28, ἐλπὶς δέ, ... κἂν βλάψῃ, οὐ καθεῖλε la esperanza ... aunque perjudique, no arruina</i> Th.5.103.<br /><b class="num">2</b> en or. de relat. c. valor condicional (eventual o iterativo) ὃς δ' ἂν [[ἀμύμων]] αὐτὸς ἔῃ καὶ ἀμύμονα εἰδῇ el que es de natural intachable y tiene sentimientos intachables</i>, <i>Od</i>.19.332, τῷ ἀνδρὶ ὃν ἂν ἕλησθε πείσομαι X.<i>An</i>.1.3.15.<br /><b class="num">3</b> en or. temporales ἄν eventual o iterativo se combina c. ὅτε, ὁπότε, ἐπεί, ἐπειδή dando lugar a ὅταν, ἐπήν (tb. ἐπάν, jón. ἐπεάν) ἐπειδάν, v. todas estas palabras en sus respectivos artículos<br /><b class="num">•</b>otras combinaciones son εἰσόκε(ν) q.u. (de εἰς ὅ κε) y ἕως ἄν (v. [[ἕως]]).<br /><b class="num">4</b> en or. finales c. valor eventual o iterativo ὄφρ' ἂν μέν κεν ὁρᾷ Ἀγαμέμνονα ... θύνοντ' mientras vea a Agamenón lleno de furia</i>, <i>Il</i>.11.187, 202<br /><b class="num">•</b>raro posteriormente ὅπως δ' ἂν εἰδῇ ... ἃ ... φράσω A.<i>Pr</i>.824, ὅπως ἂν φαίνηται ὡς κάλλιστος Pl.<i>Smp</i>.198e.<br /><b class="num">5</b> en or. modales τὸ μὲν γὰρ πέρας ὡς ἂν ὁ [[δαίμων]] βουληθῇ πάντων γίγνεται D.18.192.<br /><b class="num">6</b> en otras or. c. valor eventual o iterativo ὅποι ἄν τις βούληται adonde uno quiera</i> D.35.28.<br /><b class="num">C</b> c. opt., nunca de fut. ni de perf., c. valor potencial<br /><b class="num">I</b> en or. simples<br /><b class="num">1</b> uso general c. valor potencial [[ἔνθεν]] δ' ἂν μάλα πᾶσαν ἐπιφρασσαίμεθα βουλήν y luego podríamos sopesar toda opinión</i>, <i>Il</i>.13.741, ἑσπέριος δ' ἂν ἔπειτα λοεσσάμενος ποταμοῖο ... προτὶ Ἴλιον ἀπονεοίμην de tarde, luego de lavado en el río ... podría volver a Ilion</i>, <i>Il</i>.21.560, οὐδ' ἂν δικαίως ἐς κακὸν πέσοιμί τι ni en justicia podría incurrir en castigo</i> S.<i>Ant</i>.240, ποῖ ... τραποίμεθ' ἄν; Pl.<i>Euthd</i>.290a, οἱ ... δεδουλωμένοι νῦν οὐκ ἂν ἐλεύθεροι γένοιντ' ἄσμενοι D.2.8<br /><b class="num">•</b>en Homero alguna vez se refiere al pasado Τυδεῖδην δ' οὐκ ἂν γνοίης ποτέροισι μετείη al Tidida no distinguirías entre quiénes combatía</i>, <i>Il</i>.5.85.<br /><b class="num">2</b> indic. potencial de pasado εἴησαν δ' ἂν οὗτοι Κρῆτες puede que esos hayan sido cretenses</i> Hdt.1.2.<br /><b class="num">3</b> ἄν c. opt. señala un uso de cortesía que tiende a suavizar la brusquedad que para los griegos tiene el ind. o el imperat., así, representa a veces al ind. οὐκ ἂν οὖν, ὦ φίλε, πάνυ γέ τι σπουδαῖον εἴη ἡ [[δικαιοσύνη]] entonces, amigo, la justicia no es (no sería) una cosa importante</i> Pl.<i>R</i>.333e<br /><b class="num">•</b>indicando un deseo cortés no exento de ironía ἡδέως δ' ἂν ἔγωγ' ἐροίμην Λεπτίνην me gustaría preguntar a Leptines</i> D.20.129<br /><b class="num">•</b>esp. en la fórmula βουλοίμην ἄν [[quisiera]], [[me gustaría]] tb. en este sentido puede representar al fut. τίς ἂν θεῶν ... δοίη; S.<i>OC</i> 1100, cf. A.<i>A</i>.1448, πῶς ἂν ... θάνοιμι; S.<i>Ai</i>.388<br /><b class="num">•</b>esp. en lugar del imperat. para suavizar una orden σὺ δ' ἂν μαχέσαιο καὶ ἄλλῳ tú puedes pelear con cualquier otro</i>, <i>Il</i>.6.329, σὺ μὲν κομίζοις ἂν σεαυτὸν ᾗ θέλεις puedes ir adonde quieras</i> S.<i>Ant</i>.444, χωροῖς ἂν [[εἴσω]] σὺν τάχει puedes entrar aprisa</i> S.<i>El</i>.1491, φράζοις ἄν; Pl.<i>Phlb</i>.23c, λέγοις ἄν Pl.<i>Phlb</i>.48b.<br /><b class="num">II</b> en las apódosis de períodos condicionales<br /><b class="num">1</b> junto a prótasis c. εἰ y opt. εἰ μὲν νῦν ἐπὶ ἄλλῳ ἀεθλεύοιμεν ... ἦ τ' ἂν ἐγὼ τὰ πρῶτα λαβὼν κλισίηνδε φεροίμην si celebraran juegos ahora en honor de otro ... a fe que yo me llevaría el primer premio a mi tienda</i>, <i>Il</i>.23.275, εἰ δή που καὶ πόντῳ ... γένοιτο, πολλοὺς ἂν κορέσειεν ἀνὴρ ὅδε τήθεα διφῶν si en el ponto ... estuviera, a muchos podría hartar este hombre buscando ostras</i>, <i>Il</i>.16.747, οὐ πολλὴ ἂν [[ἀλογία]] εἴη εἰ φοβοῖτο τὸν θάνατον ὁ τοιοῦτος; ¿no sería el colmo de la sinrazón que un hombre tal temiera a la muerte?</i> Pl.<i>Phd</i>.68b<br /><b class="num">•</b>indicando algo imposible φαίη δ' ἂν ἡ θανοῦσά γ', εἰ φωνὴν λάβοι S.<i>El</i>.548.<br /><b class="num">2</b> c. prótasis en subj. o fut. tiene un sentido próximo al fut. φρούριον δ' εἰ ποιήσονται. τῆς μὲν γῆς βλάπτοιεν ἄν τι μέρος si hicieran un baluarte, podrían perjudicar a una parte del país</i> Th.1.142, ἢν οὖν μάθῃς μοι τὸν ἄδικον ... λόγον ... οὐκ ἂν ἀποδοίην οὐδ' ἂν ὀβολὸν οὐδενί Ar.<i>Nu</i>.116<br /><b class="num">•</b>c. μή: δέδοικα γὰρ μὴ πρῲ λέγοις ἂν τὸν πόθον ... πρὶν εἰδέναι τἀκεῖθεν εἰ ποθοῦμεθα pues temo que hables demasiado pronto de mi pasión ... antes de saber si soy deseada allí</i> S.<i>Tr</i>.631.<br /><b class="num">III</b> en subordinadas<br /><b class="num">1</b> en prótasis condicionales: en Hom., salvo en un caso εἴ περ ἂν αὐταὶ Μοῦσαι ἀείδοιεν <i>Il</i>.2.597, siempre se usa κε(ν) q.u.<br /><b class="num">•</b>en prosa [[εἴπερ]] ἄλλῳ τῳ ἀνθρώπων πειθοίμην ἄν, καὶ σοὶ πείθομαι si hubiera alguien en el mundo que pudiera convencerme de esto, tú me convencerías</i> Pl.<i>Prt</i>.329b, οὐδ' εἰ μὴ ποιήσαιτ' ἂν τοῦτο ni aunque no realizarais esto</i> D.4.18<br /><b class="num">•</b>en prosa tardía aparece [[ἐάν]] c. opt. ἐὰν μὴ διακρίνοιτο Dam.<i>Pr</i>.114.<br /><b class="num">2</b> en otras subord. así en las relativas, en Hom. normalmente c. κε(ν) q.u. ὡς ἂν σὴν ἀρετὴν βροτὸς οὔ τις ὄνοιτο de suerte que ningún mortal tendría en menos tu valor</i>, <i>Od</i>.8.239, en finales ὅπως ἂν ἀπολισθάνοι para que se deslizara</i> Th.7.65<br /><b class="num">•</b>en temporales ἐπιχειρεῖ, ἡνικ' ἂν ἡμεῖς μὴ δυναίμεθ' ἐκεῖσ' ἀφικέσθαι ataca cuando nosotros no podemos llegar allí</i> D.4.31<br /><b class="num">•</b>en consecutivas πλοῖα δ' ὑμῖν πάρεστιν, ὥστε ὅπῃ ἂν βούλησθε [[ἐξαίφνης]] ἂν ἐπιπέσοιτε X.<i>An</i>.5.6.20.<br /><b class="num">3</b> usos raros: en subordinadas tras tiempo pasado sustituyendo a un fut. o subj. más ἄν: ἐσηγγέλλετο δὲ αὐτοῖς ἔκ τε Καμαρίνης ὡς, εἰ ἔλθοιεν, προσχωροῖεν ἄν se les anunció que, si se presentaban, Camarina se pondría de su lado</i> Th.6.52, οὔτε γὰρ ναυτικὸν ἦν προφυλάσσον ... οὔτε προσδοκία ... μὴ ἄν ποτε οἱ πολέμιοι ... ἐπιπλεύσειαν Th.2.93<br /><b class="num">•</b>a veces los editores secluyen el ἄν: κἀγὼ μὲν ἠξίουν αὐτοὺς μαστιγοῦν ... ἕως [ἂν] τἀληθῆ δόξειεν αὐτοῖς λέγειν y yo les pedí que les azotaran ... hasta que admitieran que les decía la verdad</i> Isoc.17.15, cf. X.<i>Mem</i>.1.2.6.<br /><b class="num">D</b> c. inf. y part., fuera de Hom.<br /><b class="num">•</b>tanto el inf. como el part. c. ἄν pueden indicar potencialidad o irrealidad<br /><b class="num">I</b> c. inf.<br /><b class="num">1</b> en irreal de presente aparece ἄν más inf. de pres. ἀπεκρίνατο αὐτῷ πολλοῦ ἂν ἄξιον εἶναι τὸν ἄτρακτον εἰ τοὺς ἀγαθοὺς διεγίγνωσκε le respondió que el dardo ... sería de gran valor si conseguía distinguir a los valientes</i> Th.4.40, cf. D.49.35<br /><b class="num">•</b>la irreal de pasado se presenta c. ἄν más inf. de aor. οὐκ ἂν ... τὸ τοιοῦτο ξυμβῆναι γενέσθαι no se habría dado el caso de que sucediera una cosa semejante</i> Th.3.89<br /><b class="num">•</b>ἄν c. inf. de perf. indica irrealidad o posibilidad de pasado πάντα ταῦθ' ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων ἂν ἐαλωκέναι que todo eso habría sido capturado por los bárbaros</i> D.19.312.<br /><b class="num">2</b> en prosa clásica el uso de ἄν c. inf. de futuro parece estar siempre corrupto, sin embargo en prosa tard. es bastante frecuente, indicando posibilidad en el futuro ἔσεσθαι ἄν σφισι ... τινα ὠφέλειαν Arr.<i>An</i>.2.2.3, cf. Plu.<i>Marc</i>.15.<br /><b class="num">3</b> los demás inf. c. ἄν pueden indicar indistintamente el valor potencial: el inf. de pres. c. ἄν representa al opt. de pres. ἀλλ' εἰ πέπαυται, κάρτ' ἂν εὐτυχεῖν δοκῶ más si ha acabado, pienso desde luego que puede tener buena fortuna</i> S.<i>Ai</i>.263, πῶς ἔχεις πρὸς τὸ ἐθέλειν ἂν ἰέναι [[ἄκλητος]] ἐπὶ [[δεῖπνον]]; Pl.<i>Smp</i>.174b<br /><b class="num">•</b>el inf. de aor. representa al opt. de aor. οὐδ' ἂν κρατῆσαι αὐτοὺς τῆς γῆς ἡγοῦμαι creo que ni siquiera se habrían apoderado del país</i> Th.6.37 τοὺς δὲ νομίσαντας ἂν οἰκῆσ' οὕτως ἄριστα los que creían que quizá iban a vivir mejor así</i> Plb.8.28.8<br /><b class="num">•</b>el inf. de perf. representa al opt. de perf. οὐκ ἂν ἡγοῦμαι αὐτοὺς δίκην ἀξίαν δεδωκέναι, εἰ ... no creo que hubieran sufrido digno castigo si ...</i> Lys.27.9.<br /><b class="num">II</b> ἄν c. part. que a veces puede sustituirse simplemente por adjetivos, tiene usos paralelos a los vistos en el inf. c. ἄν<br /><b class="num">1</b> irreal de pres. c. part. de pres. ἀδυνάτων ἂν ὄντων πρὸς ναῦς πολλὰς ἀλλήλοις ἐπιβοηθεῖν sin que ningún tipo de ayuda mutua fuera posible contra una flota numerosa</i> Th.1.73, cf. E.<i>Alc</i>.182<br /><b class="num">•</b>irreal de pasado, c. part. de aor. ἴσμεν ... ὑμᾶς ... ἀναγκασθέντας ἄν sabemos que habríais sido obligados</i> Th.1.76, ῥαδίως ἂν ἀφεθείς fácilmente se habría librado</i> X.<i>Mem</i>.4.4.4.<br /><b class="num">2</b> los usos de part. de fut. c. ἄν, como los de inf. de fut., tampoco parecen existir en prosa clásica<br /><b class="num">•</b>sí existe esa construcción en prosa heleníst., indicando posibilidad en el fut., Luc.<i>Asin</i>.26, Lib.<i>Or</i>.62.21.<br /><b class="num">3</b> los participios pueden sustituir indistintamente al opt. c. valor potencial<br /><b class="num">•</b>así, el part. de pres. sustituye al opt. de pres. πόλλ' ἂν ἔχων ἕτερ' [[εἰπεῖν]] ... παραλείπω D.18.258<br /><b class="num">•</b>el part. de aor. al opt. de aor. οὔτε ὄντα οὔτε ἂν γενόμενα cosas que ni existen ni podrían existir</i> Th.6.38, ὁρῶν τὸ παρατείχισμα ... ῥαδίως ἂν αὐτὸ ληφθέν Th.7.42.<br /><b class="num">E</b> observaciones<br /><b class="num">I</b> colocación de ἄν: en or. principales se coloca libremente pero nunca en cabeza<br /><b class="num">•</b>en las subordinadas, hay tendencia a colocar ἄν al principio de la frase, después de partícula o partículas introductorias<br /><b class="num">•</b>en Hom., esta regla vale para ἄν tanto en subordinadas como en principales<br /><b class="num">•</b>después de Hom., es válida c. escasas excepciones para las subord. de subj., en las otras, la posición es más variable.<br /><b class="num">II</b> repetición de ἄν<br /><b class="num">1</b> en las apódosis, ἄν puede repetirse dos o tres veces con el mismo verbo, bien para destacar su valor en una frase demasiado larga bien para dar énfasis especial ποίας πάτρας ἂν ἢ γένους ὑμᾶς ποτε τύχοιμ' ἂν εἰπών; S.<i>Ph</i>.222, ὥστ' ἄν, εἰ σθένος λάβοιμι, δηλώσαιμ' ἄν S.<i>El</i>.333<br /><b class="num">•</b>en los paréntesis ἔδρασ' ἄν, εὖ τοῦτ' ἴσθ', ἄν, εἰ μή ... S.<i>OT</i> 1438<br /><b class="num">•</b>nunca se da la repetición con subordinadas de subj.<br /><b class="num">2</b> en ocasiones ἄν y κε(ν) se combinan en Hom. ὄφρ' ἂν μέν κεν ὁρᾷ <i>Il</i>.11.187, cf. 202.<br /><b class="num">III</b> ausencia del verbo<br /><b class="num">1</b> después de Hom. la ausencia de verbo se da en fórmulas que suponen una antigua or. nominal pura, del tipo de πῶς δ' οὐκ ἄν; S.<i>OT</i> 937.<br /><b class="num">2</b> el verbo se omite si se desprende fácilmente del contexto ποῖ φύγω ...; ... ποῖ δ' ἂν ἄλλοσ' ἢ 'πὶ βωμόν; ¿a dónde huiré? ¿a dónde sino a un altar?</i> E.<i>Io</i> 1253 (<i>[[sc.]]</i> φύγοις), τί δ' ἂν δοκεῖ σοι Πρίαμος (<i>[[sc.]]</i> πρᾶξαι), εἰ τάδ' ἤνυσεν; A.<i>A</i>.935, ἄλλ' οὐκ ἂν πρὸ τοῦ (<i>[[sc.]]</i> ἔρρεγχον) Ar.<i>Nu</i>.5.<br /><b class="num">3</b> las fórmulas ὡς ἄν (ὡσάν), ὥσπερ ἂν εἰ (ὡσπερανεί) y a veces κἂν εἰ pueden ir sin verbo porque han perdido su valor modal y han tomado un carácter adverbial [[como si]], [[como]] φοβούμενος ὡσπερανεί παῖς Pl.<i>Grg</i>.479a.<br /><b class="num">IV</b> elipsis de ἄν: cuando la apódosis está constituida por varias oraciones coordinadas, ἄν, con raras excepciones, sólo se coloca en la primera de éstas y se sobreentiende para las demás πείθοι' ἄν, εἰ πείθοι'· ἀπειθοίης δ' ἴσως A.<i>A</i>.1049<br /><b class="num">•</b>rara vez va c. la segunda oración τοῦτον ἂν ... θαρσοίην ἐγὼ καλῶς μὲν ἄρχειν, εὖ δ' ἂν ἄρχεσθαι θέλειν S.<i>Ant</i>.669.<br /><b class="num">• Etimología:</b> O bien cf. lat. <i>[[an]]</i>, gót. <i>an</i>, airl. <i>and</i> que son partículas interrogativas - ambos usos derivarían del valor deíctico de la raíz pronominal *<i>an</i> - o bien de καν (cf. κεν) por falso corte en οὐ καν, εἰ καν.<br /><b class="num">• Prosodia:</b> [ᾱ-]<br />át. y koiné [[ἐάν]], ἤν, v. [[εἰ]]<br />cf. morfología de [[ἀνά]].
|dgtxt=<b class="num">• Prosodia:</b> [ᾰ]<br /><b class="num">• Morfología:</b> ép. át., jón., arcad.; tienen usos aproximadamente paralelos las partículas κε(ν) en ép., κε en eol., tes., chipr., κα en beoc, locr., foc., el., aqu., megar., lacon.; puede elidirse ante vocal κ'. En Hom. y lír. concurren ἄν y κε(ν), alternando o reforzándose, en Hom. κε(ν) es un 80% más frecuente que ἄν; en Pi. y lír. la proporción desciende hasta nivelarse. Aparentemente no hay diferencias notorias de significado pero sí de distribución, en Hom. ἄν abunda en frases negativas, siendo κε(ν) mucho más usado en frases afirmativas, en el arcad. εἰκ ἄν <i>IG</i> 5(2).6.15 (Tegea IV a.C.), εἰκ, si no es un recurso antihiático, o falso corte por εἰ κἄν, contiene κ' ante ἄν; cf. chipr. κε y arc. εἰκ ἐπί <i>IG</i> 5(2).3.21 (Tegea IV a.C.), falta κ' en arc. εἰ δ' ἄν <i>IG</i> 5(2).6.15, 45 (Tegea IV a.C.).<br /><b class="num">A</b> c. ind.<br /><b class="num">I</b> indicando posibilidad en el pres. o pasado<br /><b class="num">1</b> c. impf. c. verbos de voluntad y capacidad, indica posibilidad en el presente ἀριθμὸν δὲ γράψαι ... οὐκ ἄν ἐδυνάμην ἀκριβῶς escribir el número ... no sería capaz de hacerlo con exactitud</i> Th.5.68, [[ἐγώ]] δ' ἐβουλόμην ἂν αὐτοὺς ἀληθῆ λέγειν yo quisiera que ellos dijesen la verdad</i> Lys.12.22.<br /><b class="num">2</b> c. impf. y aor. cuando no hay prótasis ἀλλ' ἦλθε μὲν δὴ τοῦτο τοὔνειδος τάχ' ἂν ὀργῇ βιασθέν más llegó esta injuria quizá por efecto de la ira</i> S.<i>OT</i> 523, πληγῆς κτύπον γὰρ πᾶς τις ᾔσθετ' ἂν σαφῶς cualquiera pudo tener conocimiento evidente del golpe</i> E.<i>IA</i> 1582.<br /><b class="num">3</b> usos neutros en condicionales: después de Hom. (cf. A II 1) ἄν c. impf. rara vez indica irrealidad en el pasado, pero hay ejemplos con valor de pasado y matiz de posibilidad εἰ ἦσαν ἄνδρες ἀγαθοί ... οὐκ ἄν ποτε ταῦτα ἔπασχον si estos hombres hubieran sido buenos políticos ... nunca les habría podido pasar eso (el ostracismo)</i>, Pl.<i>Grg</i>.516e, οὐκ ἂν ... νήσων ... ἐκράτει, εἰ μή τι καὶ ναυτικὸν εἶχεν no habría podido dominar las islas si no hubiera tenido cierto poderío naval</i> Th.1.9, ἐδόκει δ' ἂν ἀμφότερα ταῦτα, εἰ προαγορεύων ὡς ὑπὸ θεοῦ φαινόμενα καὶ ψευδόμενος ἐφαίνετο X.<i>Mem</i>.1.1.5, οὐ γὰρ ἦν ὅτι ἂν ἐποιεῖτε pues no había nada que pudierais hacer</i> D.18.43<br /><b class="num">•</b>igualmente, aunque ἄν c. aor. indica después de Hom. irrealidad de pasado, en ocasiones se conserva el matiz neutro de posibilidad τὸ γὰρ ἔρυμα τῷ στρατοπέδῳ οὐκ ἂν ἐτειχίσαντο pues no habrían podido construir la fortificación para la defensa de su ejército</i> Th.1.11, cf. οὐδ' ἂν ἔτι φράδμων περ ἀνὴρ Σαρπηδόνα δῖον ἔγνω pues ya ni un familiar habría reconocido o podido reconocer ... a Sarpedón divino (en caso de estar presente)</i> <i>Il</i>.16.638.<br /><b class="num">II</b> indicando irrealidad, c. apódosis explícita o implícita<br /><b class="num">1</b> en Hom. siempre se trata de irrealidad en el pasado, c. impf. y aor. (pero cf. A I 2) ἦ τ' ἂν πολὺ κέρδιον ἦεν habría sido en verdad mucho más ventajoso (en caso de que ...)</i> <i>Il</i>.5.201.<br /><b class="num">2</b> después de Hom.:<br /><b class="num">a)</b> c. impf. denota irrealidad de presente εἰ μὲν γὰρ κατιδεῖν βιότου τέλος ἦν ... εἰκὸς ἂν ἦν ... porque si fuera posible conocer la hora de la muerte ... sería natural ...</i> Thgn.905, ὅ (τὸ φῶς) γ' εἰ μὴ εἴχομεν, ὅμοιοι τοῖς τυφλοῖς ἂν ἦμεν X.<i>Mem</i>.4.3.3 (cf. A I 3);<br /><b class="num">b)</b> c. aor. denota irrealidad de pasado οὐκ ἂν ἐποίησεν [[Ἀγασίας]] ταῦτα, εἰ μὴ ἐγὼ αὐτὸν ἐκέλευσα Agasias no habría hecho eso si yo no se lo hubiera ordenado</i> X.<i>An</i>.6.6.15, c. verbos de ‘[[decir]]’, ‘[[responder]]’, etc. se da tb. tras la irrealidad de presente por <i>uariatio</i> εἰ μὴ πατὴρ ἦσθ', [[εἶπον]] ἄν σ' οὐκ εὖ φρονεῖν si no fueras mi padre, te habría dicho ya que no estás en tu sano juicio</i> S.<i>Ant</i>.755;<br /><b class="num">c)</b> c. plusperf. indica irrealidad de pasado ὃ εἰ ἀπεκρίνω, ἱκανῶς ἂν ἤδη παρὰ σοῦ τὴν ὁσιότητα ἐμεμαθήκη Pl.<i>Euthphr</i>.14c.<br /><b class="num">III</b> gener. c. impf. y a veces c. aor. en or. principales indica iteración en el pasado, puede traducirse por giros c. [[continuamente]] o [[soler]] κλαίεσκε ἂν καὶ ὀδυρέσκετο lloraba y se lamentaba continuamente</i> Hdt.3.119, αὐτὸς ἂν τάλας εἰλυόμην yo, desgraciado, tenía que arrastrarme</i> S.<i>Ph</i>.290, ὁ μὲν γράφων οὐκ ἂν ἐπρέσβευσεν, ὁ δὲ πρεσβεύων οὐκ ἂν ἔγραψεν D.18.219, εἰ μέν τινες ἴδοιεν ... ἀνεθάρσησαν ... ἄν siempre que veían ... levantaban el ánimo</i> Th.7.71<br /><b class="num">•</b>en gr. tard. puede usarse c. este sent. cualquier tiempo después de pron. y conj. relat. ὅπου ἂν εἰσεπορεύετο εἰς κώμας a cualquier pueblo que fuera (como solía hacer)</i> <i>Eu.Marc</i>.6.56, ὅσοι ἂν ἥψαντο αὐτοῦ ἐσώζοντο <i>Eu.Marc</i>.6.56, ἔχετέ με ἰς ὅσ' ἂν πάσχετε <i>PFay</i>.136.2 (IV a.C.), [[ἔνθα]] ἂν πέφυκεν ἡ ὁλότης εἶναι τοῦ πυρός Phlp.<i>in Ph</i>.436.19.<br /><b class="num">IV</b> c. fut. indica una limitación o condición, muy frec. en ép. y más c. κε(ν) q.u., pero raro en át. εἰ μὲν ζώουσι ... ἦ τ' ἂν ἔπειτα ... ἀπολυσόμεθ' si viven ... nos será posible rescatarlos más tarde</i>, <i>Il</i>.22.49, πληθὺν δ' οὐκ ἂν ἐγὼ μυθήσομαι ... οὐδ' εἴ μοι [[δέκα]] μὲν γλῶσσαι la muchedumbre me sería imposible contarla ... aunque tuviera diez lenguas</i>, <i>Il</i>.2.488<br /><b class="num">•</b>el uso de ἄν c. ind. fut. es raro en la poesía posterior a Hom. σχολῇ ποθ' ἥξειν δεῦρ' ἂν ἐξηύχουν [[ἐγώ]] S.<i>Ant</i>.390, bastante más raro e inseguro en prosa clásica οὐδ' ἂν ἥξει [[δεῦρο]] Pl.<i>R</i>.615d, en lit. heleníst. y tard. esp. en prosa χιλίων εὔντων ἔνα οὐκ ἂν ὄστις σαπρός ἐστι προσδώσω aunque tuviera mil no daría ni uno solo ni aunque estuviera podrido</i> (del [[βαυβών]]) Herod.6.36, οὐ γὰρ ἂν πρὸς τὴν Ἰνδικὴν πᾶσαν ξυμφρονοῦσαν παρατάξεσθαί ποτε αὐτόν pues no haría frente a toda la India coaligada</i> Philostr.<i>VA</i> 2.21, οὐδὲ ἐκ σώματος ἔσται ποτ' ἂν τὰ ἀσώματον S.E.<i>M</i>.9.225.<br /><b class="num">B</b> c. subj.<br /><b class="num">I</b> en or. principal, sólo aparece en ép.: tiene sentido próximo al fut., indica algo que se espera suceda en determinadas circunstancias (eventual) εἰ μὲν δὴ ἀντίβιον ... πειρηθείης, οὐκ ἄν τοι χραίσμῃσι [[βιός]] si frente a frente ... te mides, no va a valerte el arco</i>, <i>Il</i>.11.387, τάχ' ἄν ποτε θυμὸν ὀλέσσῃ pronto es posible que pierda la vida</i>, <i>Il</i>.1.205, οὐκ ἄν τοι χραίσμῃ κίθαρις <i>Il</i>.3.54.<br /><b class="num">II</b> en subordinadas<br /><b class="num">1</b> en las prótasis de condicionales, donde se combina c. εἰ dando un valor eventual o iterativo<br /><b class="num">•</b>en ép. se encuentra εἴ κε (cf. [[εἰ]] B II), αἴ κε (cf. [[αἴ]] I 2, 3), en dór. αἴκα, αἴκε, ante vocal [[αἰκ]]'<br /><b class="num">•</b>en jón. y át. hay ya εἰ ἄν, cf. [[εἰ]] δ' ἄν <i>Il</i>.3.288, ya [[ἐάν]], ἄν o ἤν, v. [[εἰ]]B II<br /><b class="num">•</b>existen tb. combinaciones c. otras partíc. en las formas [[ἐάν]] περ, ἤν περ q.u. (de [[εἴπερ]] más ἄν) esp. en inscr. y át. Si en la apódosis el tiempo es el fut., ἄν supone una condición particular relativa al fut. ἔσσεται ἧμαρ ὅτ' ἄν ποτ' ὀλώλῃ Ἴλιος ἱρή un día habrá en que perezca la sagrada Ilio</i>, <i>Il</i>.6.448, cf. Pl.<i>Ap</i>.30e<br /><b class="num">•</b>cuando en la apódosis aparece el presente, indica un hecho general cuya realización se espera ἢν δ' ἐγγὺς ἔλθῃ θάνατος, οὐδεὶς βούλεται θνῄσκειν E.<i>Alc</i>.671<br /><b class="num">•</b>alguna vez en lugar del pres. puede aparecer el perf. o un aor. gnómico ὣς δὲ καὶ ἢν σεισμὸς γένηται ... τέρας νενόμισται Hdt.4.28, ἐλπὶς δέ, ... κἂν βλάψῃ, οὐ καθεῖλε la esperanza ... aunque perjudique, no arruina</i> Th.5.103.<br /><b class="num">2</b> en or. de relat. c. valor condicional (eventual o iterativo) ὃς δ' ἂν [[ἀμύμων]] αὐτὸς ἔῃ καὶ ἀμύμονα εἰδῇ el que es de natural intachable y tiene sentimientos intachables</i>, <i>Od</i>.19.332, τῷ ἀνδρὶ ὃν ἂν ἕλησθε πείσομαι X.<i>An</i>.1.3.15.<br /><b class="num">3</b> en or. temporales ἄν eventual o iterativo se combina c. ὅτε, ὁπότε, ἐπεί, ἐπειδή dando lugar a ὅταν, ἐπήν (tb. ἐπάν, jón. ἐπεάν) ἐπειδάν, v. todas estas palabras en sus respectivos artículos<br /><b class="num">•</b>otras combinaciones son εἰσόκε(ν) q.u. (de εἰς ὅ κε) y ἕως ἄν (v. [[ἕως]]).<br /><b class="num">4</b> en or. finales c. valor eventual o iterativo ὄφρ' ἂν μέν κεν ὁρᾷ Ἀγαμέμνονα ... θύνοντ' mientras vea a Agamenón lleno de furia</i>, <i>Il</i>.11.187, 202<br /><b class="num">•</b>raro posteriormente ὅπως δ' ἂν εἰδῇ ... ἃ ... φράσω A.<i>Pr</i>.824, ὅπως ἂν φαίνηται ὡς κάλλιστος Pl.<i>Smp</i>.198e.<br /><b class="num">5</b> en or. modales τὸ μὲν γὰρ πέρας ὡς ἂν ὁ [[δαίμων]] βουληθῇ πάντων γίγνεται D.18.192.<br /><b class="num">6</b> en otras or. c. valor eventual o iterativo ὅποι ἄν τις βούληται adonde uno quiera</i> D.35.28.<br /><b class="num">C</b> c. opt., nunca de fut. ni de perf., c. valor potencial<br /><b class="num">I</b> en or. simples<br /><b class="num">1</b> uso general c. valor potencial [[ἔνθεν]] δ' ἂν μάλα πᾶσαν ἐπιφρασσαίμεθα βουλήν y luego podríamos sopesar toda opinión</i>, <i>Il</i>.13.741, ἑσπέριος δ' ἂν ἔπειτα λοεσσάμενος ποταμοῖο ... προτὶ Ἴλιον ἀπονεοίμην de tarde, luego de lavado en el río ... podría volver a Ilion</i>, <i>Il</i>.21.560, οὐδ' ἂν δικαίως ἐς κακὸν πέσοιμί τι ni en justicia podría incurrir en castigo</i> S.<i>Ant</i>.240, ποῖ ... τραποίμεθ' ἄν; Pl.<i>Euthd</i>.290a, οἱ ... δεδουλωμένοι νῦν οὐκ ἂν ἐλεύθεροι γένοιντ' ἄσμενοι D.2.8<br /><b class="num">•</b>en Homero alguna vez se refiere al pasado Τυδεῖδην δ' οὐκ ἂν γνοίης ποτέροισι μετείη al Tidida no distinguirías entre quiénes combatía</i>, <i>Il</i>.5.85.<br /><b class="num">2</b> indic. potencial de pasado εἴησαν δ' ἂν οὗτοι Κρῆτες puede que esos hayan sido cretenses</i> Hdt.1.2.<br /><b class="num">3</b> ἄν c. opt. señala un uso de cortesía que tiende a suavizar la brusquedad que para los griegos tiene el ind. o el imperat., así, representa a veces al ind. οὐκ ἂν οὖν, ὦ φίλε, πάνυ γέ τι σπουδαῖον εἴη ἡ [[δικαιοσύνη]] entonces, amigo, la justicia no es (no sería) una cosa importante</i> Pl.<i>R</i>.333e<br /><b class="num">•</b>indicando un deseo cortés no exento de ironía ἡδέως δ' ἂν ἔγωγ' ἐροίμην Λεπτίνην me gustaría preguntar a Leptines</i> D.20.129<br /><b class="num">•</b>esp. en la fórmula βουλοίμην ἄν [[quisiera]], [[me gustaría]] tb. en este sentido puede representar al fut. τίς ἂν θεῶν ... δοίη; S.<i>OC</i> 1100, cf. A.<i>A</i>.1448, πῶς ἂν ... θάνοιμι; S.<i>Ai</i>.388<br /><b class="num">•</b>esp. en lugar del imperat. para suavizar una orden σὺ δ' ἂν μαχέσαιο καὶ ἄλλῳ tú puedes pelear con cualquier otro</i>, <i>Il</i>.6.329, σὺ μὲν κομίζοις ἂν σεαυτὸν ᾗ θέλεις puedes ir adonde quieras</i> S.<i>Ant</i>.444, χωροῖς ἂν [[εἴσω]] σὺν τάχει puedes entrar aprisa</i> S.<i>El</i>.1491, φράζοις ἄν; Pl.<i>Phlb</i>.23c, λέγοις ἄν Pl.<i>Phlb</i>.48b.<br /><b class="num">II</b> en las apódosis de períodos condicionales<br /><b class="num">1</b> junto a prótasis c. εἰ y opt. εἰ μὲν νῦν ἐπὶ ἄλλῳ ἀεθλεύοιμεν ... ἦ τ' ἂν ἐγὼ τὰ πρῶτα λαβὼν κλισίηνδε φεροίμην si celebraran juegos ahora en honor de otro ... a fe que yo me llevaría el primer premio a mi tienda</i>, <i>Il</i>.23.275, εἰ δή που καὶ πόντῳ ... γένοιτο, πολλοὺς ἂν κορέσειεν ἀνὴρ ὅδε τήθεα διφῶν si en el ponto ... estuviera, a muchos podría hartar este hombre buscando ostras</i>, <i>Il</i>.16.747, οὐ πολλὴ ἂν [[ἀλογία]] εἴη εἰ φοβοῖτο τὸν θάνατον ὁ τοιοῦτος; ¿no sería el colmo de la sinrazón que un hombre tal temiera a la muerte?</i> Pl.<i>Phd</i>.68b<br /><b class="num">•</b>indicando algo imposible φαίη δ' ἂν ἡ θανοῦσά γ', εἰ φωνὴν λάβοι S.<i>El</i>.548.<br /><b class="num">2</b> c. prótasis en subj. o fut. tiene un sentido próximo al fut. φρούριον δ' εἰ ποιήσονται. τῆς μὲν γῆς βλάπτοιεν ἄν τι μέρος si hicieran un baluarte, podrían perjudicar a una parte del país</i> Th.1.142, ἢν οὖν μάθῃς μοι τὸν ἄδικον ... λόγον ... οὐκ ἂν ἀποδοίην οὐδ' ἂν ὀβολὸν οὐδενί Ar.<i>Nu</i>.116<br /><b class="num">•</b>c. μή: δέδοικα γὰρ μὴ πρῲ λέγοις ἂν τὸν πόθον ... πρὶν εἰδέναι τἀκεῖθεν εἰ ποθοῦμεθα pues temo que hables demasiado pronto de mi pasión ... antes de saber si soy deseada allí</i> S.<i>Tr</i>.631.<br /><b class="num">III</b> en subordinadas<br /><b class="num">1</b> en prótasis condicionales: en Hom., salvo en un caso εἴ περ ἂν αὐταὶ Μοῦσαι ἀείδοιεν <i>Il</i>.2.597, siempre se usa κε(ν) q.u.<br /><b class="num">•</b>en prosa [[εἴπερ]] ἄλλῳ τῳ ἀνθρώπων πειθοίμην ἄν, καὶ σοὶ πείθομαι si hubiera alguien en el mundo que pudiera convencerme de esto, tú me convencerías</i> Pl.<i>Prt</i>.329b, οὐδ' εἰ μὴ ποιήσαιτ' ἂν τοῦτο ni aunque no realizarais esto</i> D.4.18<br /><b class="num">•</b>en prosa tardía aparece [[ἐάν]] c. opt. ἐὰν μὴ διακρίνοιτο Dam.<i>Pr</i>.114.<br /><b class="num">2</b> en otras subord. así en las relativas, en Hom. normalmente c. κε(ν) q.u. ὡς ἂν σὴν ἀρετὴν βροτὸς οὔ τις ὄνοιτο de suerte que ningún mortal tendría en menos tu valor</i>, <i>Od</i>.8.239, en finales ὅπως ἂν ἀπολισθάνοι para que se deslizara</i> Th.7.65<br /><b class="num">•</b>en temporales ἐπιχειρεῖ, ἡνικ' ἂν ἡμεῖς μὴ δυναίμεθ' ἐκεῖσ' ἀφικέσθαι ataca cuando nosotros no podemos llegar allí</i> D.4.31<br /><b class="num">•</b>en consecutivas πλοῖα δ' ὑμῖν πάρεστιν, ὥστε ὅπῃ ἂν βούλησθε [[ἐξαίφνης]] ἂν ἐπιπέσοιτε X.<i>An</i>.5.6.20.<br /><b class="num">3</b> usos raros: en subordinadas tras tiempo pasado sustituyendo a un fut. o subj. más ἄν: ἐσηγγέλλετο δὲ αὐτοῖς ἔκ τε Καμαρίνης ὡς, εἰ ἔλθοιεν, προσχωροῖεν ἄν se les anunció que, si se presentaban, Camarina se pondría de su lado</i> Th.6.52, οὔτε γὰρ ναυτικὸν ἦν προφυλάσσον ... οὔτε προσδοκία ... μὴ ἄν ποτε οἱ πολέμιοι ... ἐπιπλεύσειαν Th.2.93<br /><b class="num">•</b>a veces los editores secluyen el ἄν: κἀγὼ μὲν ἠξίουν αὐτοὺς μαστιγοῦν ... ἕως [ἂν] τἀληθῆ δόξειεν αὐτοῖς λέγειν y yo les pedí que les azotaran ... hasta que admitieran que les decía la verdad</i> Isoc.17.15, cf. X.<i>Mem</i>.1.2.6.<br /><b class="num">D</b> c. inf. y part., fuera de Hom.<br /><b class="num">•</b>tanto el inf. como el part. c. ἄν pueden indicar potencialidad o irrealidad<br /><b class="num">I</b> c. inf.<br /><b class="num">1</b> en irreal de presente aparece ἄν más inf. de pres. ἀπεκρίνατο αὐτῷ πολλοῦ ἂν ἄξιον εἶναι τὸν ἄτρακτον εἰ τοὺς ἀγαθοὺς διεγίγνωσκε le respondió que el dardo ... sería de gran valor si conseguía distinguir a los valientes</i> Th.4.40, cf. D.49.35<br /><b class="num">•</b>la irreal de pasado se presenta c. ἄν más inf. de aor. οὐκ ἂν ... τὸ τοιοῦτο ξυμβῆναι γενέσθαι no se habría dado el caso de que sucediera una cosa semejante</i> Th.3.89<br /><b class="num">•</b>ἄν c. inf. de perf. indica irrealidad o posibilidad de pasado πάντα ταῦθ' ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων ἂν ἐαλωκέναι que todo eso habría sido capturado por los bárbaros</i> D.19.312.<br /><b class="num">2</b> en prosa clásica el uso de ἄν c. inf. de futuro parece estar siempre corrupto, sin embargo en prosa tard. es bastante frecuente, indicando posibilidad en el futuro ἔσεσθαι ἄν σφισι ... τινα ὠφέλειαν Arr.<i>An</i>.2.2.3, cf. Plu.<i>Marc</i>.15.<br /><b class="num">3</b> los demás inf. c. ἄν pueden indicar indistintamente el valor potencial: el inf. de pres. c. ἄν representa al opt. de pres. ἀλλ' εἰ πέπαυται, κάρτ' ἂν εὐτυχεῖν δοκῶ más si ha acabado, pienso desde luego que puede tener buena fortuna</i> S.<i>Ai</i>.263, πῶς ἔχεις πρὸς τὸ ἐθέλειν ἂν ἰέναι [[ἄκλητος]] ἐπὶ [[δεῖπνον]]; Pl.<i>Smp</i>.174b<br /><b class="num">•</b>el inf. de aor. representa al opt. de aor. οὐδ' ἂν κρατῆσαι αὐτοὺς τῆς γῆς ἡγοῦμαι creo que ni siquiera se habrían apoderado del país</i> Th.6.37 τοὺς δὲ νομίσαντας ἂν οἰκῆσ' οὕτως ἄριστα los que creían que quizá iban a vivir mejor así</i> Plb.8.28.8<br /><b class="num">•</b>el inf. de perf. representa al opt. de perf. οὐκ ἂν ἡγοῦμαι αὐτοὺς δίκην ἀξίαν δεδωκέναι, εἰ ... no creo que hubieran sufrido digno castigo si ...</i> Lys.27.9.<br /><b class="num">II</b> ἄν c. part. que a veces puede sustituirse simplemente por adjetivos, tiene usos paralelos a los vistos en el inf. c. ἄν<br /><b class="num">1</b> irreal de pres. c. part. de pres. ἀδυνάτων ἂν ὄντων πρὸς ναῦς πολλὰς ἀλλήλοις ἐπιβοηθεῖν sin que ningún tipo de ayuda mutua fuera posible contra una flota numerosa</i> Th.1.73, cf. E.<i>Alc</i>.182<br /><b class="num">•</b>irreal de pasado, c. part. de aor. ἴσμεν ... ὑμᾶς ... ἀναγκασθέντας ἄν sabemos que habríais sido obligados</i> Th.1.76, ῥαδίως ἂν ἀφεθείς fácilmente se habría librado</i> X.<i>Mem</i>.4.4.4.<br /><b class="num">2</b> los usos de part. de fut. c. ἄν, como los de inf. de fut., tampoco parecen existir en prosa clásica<br /><b class="num">•</b>sí existe esa construcción en prosa heleníst., indicando posibilidad en el fut., Luc.<i>Asin</i>.26, Lib.<i>Or</i>.62.21.<br /><b class="num">3</b> los participios pueden sustituir indistintamente al opt. c. valor potencial<br /><b class="num">•</b>así, el part. de pres. sustituye al opt. de pres. πόλλ' ἂν ἔχων ἕτερ' [[εἰπεῖν]] ... παραλείπω D.18.258<br /><b class="num">•</b>el part. de aor. al opt. de aor. οὔτε ὄντα οὔτε ἂν γενόμενα cosas que ni existen ni podrían existir</i> Th.6.38, ὁρῶν τὸ παρατείχισμα ... ῥαδίως ἂν αὐτὸ ληφθέν Th.7.42.<br /><b class="num">E</b> observaciones<br /><b class="num">I</b> colocación de ἄν: en or. principales se coloca libremente pero nunca en cabeza<br /><b class="num">•</b>en las subordinadas, hay tendencia a colocar ἄν al principio de la frase, después de partícula o partículas introductorias<br /><b class="num">•</b>en Hom., esta regla vale para ἄν tanto en subordinadas como en principales<br /><b class="num">•</b>después de Hom., es válida c. escasas excepciones para las subord. de subj., en las otras, la posición es más variable.<br /><b class="num">II</b> repetición de ἄν<br /><b class="num">1</b> en las apódosis, ἄν puede repetirse dos o tres veces con el mismo verbo, bien para destacar su valor en una frase demasiado larga bien para dar énfasis especial ποίας πάτρας ἂν ἢ γένους ὑμᾶς ποτε τύχοιμ' ἂν εἰπών; S.<i>Ph</i>.222, ὥστ' ἄν, εἰ σθένος λάβοιμι, δηλώσαιμ' ἄν S.<i>El</i>.333<br /><b class="num">•</b>en los paréntesis ἔδρασ' ἄν, εὖ τοῦτ' ἴσθ', ἄν, εἰ μή ... S.<i>OT</i> 1438<br /><b class="num">•</b>nunca se da la repetición con subordinadas de subj.<br /><b class="num">2</b> en ocasiones ἄν y κε(ν) se combinan en Hom. ὄφρ' ἂν μέν κεν ὁρᾷ <i>Il</i>.11.187, cf. 202.<br /><b class="num">III</b> ausencia del verbo<br /><b class="num">1</b> después de Hom. la ausencia de verbo se da en fórmulas que suponen una antigua or. nominal pura, del tipo de πῶς δ' οὐκ ἄν; S.<i>OT</i> 937.<br /><b class="num">2</b> el verbo se omite si se desprende fácilmente del contexto ποῖ φύγω ...; ... ποῖ δ' ἂν ἄλλοσ' ἢ 'πὶ βωμόν; ¿a dónde huiré? ¿a dónde sino a un altar?</i> E.<i>Io</i> 1253 (<i>[[sc.]]</i> φύγοις), τί δ' ἂν δοκεῖ σοι Πρίαμος (<i>[[sc.]]</i> πρᾶξαι), εἰ τάδ' ἤνυσεν; A.<i>A</i>.935, ἄλλ' οὐκ ἂν πρὸ τοῦ (<i>[[sc.]]</i> ἔρρεγχον) Ar.<i>Nu</i>.5.<br /><b class="num">3</b> las fórmulas ὡς ἄν (ὡσάν), ὥσπερ ἂν εἰ (ὡσπερανεί) y a veces κἂν εἰ pueden ir sin verbo porque han perdido su valor modal y han tomado un carácter adverbial [[como si]], [[como]] φοβούμενος ὡσπερανεί παῖς Pl.<i>Grg</i>.479a.<br /><b class="num">IV</b> elipsis de ἄν: cuando la apódosis está constituida por varias oraciones coordinadas, ἄν, con raras excepciones, sólo se coloca en la primera de éstas y se sobreentiende para las demás πείθοι' ἄν, εἰ πείθοι'· ἀπειθοίης δ' ἴσως A.<i>A</i>.1049<br /><b class="num">•</b>rara vez va c. la segunda oración τοῦτον ἂν ... θαρσοίην ἐγὼ καλῶς μὲν ἄρχειν, εὖ δ' ἂν ἄρχεσθαι θέλειν S.<i>Ant</i>.669.<br /><b class="num">• Etimología:</b> O bien cf. lat. <i>[[an]]</i>, gót. <i>an</i>, airl. <i>and</i> que son partículas interrogativas - ambos usos derivarían del valor deíctico de la raíz pronominal *<i>an</i> - o bien de καν (cf. κεν) por falso corte en οὐ καν, εἰ καν.<br /><b class="num">• Prosodia:</b> [ᾱ-]<br />át. y koiné [[ἐάν]], ἤν, v. [[εἰ]]<br />cf. morfología de [[ἀνά]].
}}
{{LSJ1
|Full diacritics=ἄν
|Medium diacritics=ἄν
|Low diacritics=αν
|Capitals=ΑΝ
|Transliteration A=án
|Transliteration B=an
|Transliteration C=an
|Beta Code=a)/n
|Definition=(A), [ᾰ], Ep., Lyr., Ion., Arc., Att.; also κεν) Ep., Aeol., Thess., κᾱ Dor., Boeot., El.; the two combined in Ep. (infr. <span class="bibl">D. 11.2</span>) and Arc., <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> εἰκ ἄν <span class="title">IG</span>5(2).6.2, 15 (iv B. C.):—modal Particle used with Verbs to indicate that the action is limited by circumstances or defined by conditions. In Hom. κε is four times as common as [[ἄν]], in Lyr. about equally common. No clear distinction can be traced, but κε as an enclitic is somewhat less emphatic; [[ἄν]] is preferred by Hom. in negative clauses, κε (ν) with the relative. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> In Simple Sentences, and in the Apodosis of Compound Sentences; here [[ἄν]] belongs to the Verb, and denotes that the assertion made by the Verb is dependent on a condition, expressed or implied: thus [[ἦλθεν]] [[he came]], <b class="b3">ἦλθεν ἄν</b> [[he would have come]] (under conditions, which may or may not be defined), and so <b class="b2">he might have come;</b> [[ἔλθοι]] [[may he come]], <b class="b3">ἔλθοι ἄν</b> [[he would come]] (under certain conditions), and so [[he might come]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> WITH INDICATIVE: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> with historical tenses, generally impf. and aor., less freq. plpf., never pf., v. infr., </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">a</span> most freq. in apodosis of conditional sentences, with protasis implying nonfulfilment of a past or present condition, and apod. expressing what [[would be]] or [[would have been]] the case if the condition [[were]] or [[had been]] fulfilled. The impf. with [[ἄν]] refers to continued action, in Hom. always in past time, exc. perhaps καί κε θάμ' ἐνθάδ' ἐόντες ἐμισγόμεθ' <span class="bibl">Od.4</span>. <span class="bibl">178</span>; later also in pres. time, first in <span class="bibl">Thgn.905</span>; <b class="b3">πολὺ ἂν θαυμαστότερον ἦν, εἰ ἐτιμῶντο</b> it [[would be]] far more strange if they were honoured, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>489a</span>; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἂν νήσων ἐκράτει, εἰ μή τι καὶ ναυτικὸν εἶχεν</b> he [[would]] not [[have]] been master of islands if he had not had also some naval power, <span class="bibl">Th.1.9</span>. The aor. strictly refers only to past time, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>11.24</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">εἰ τότε ταύτην ἔσχε τὴν γνώμην, οὐδὲν ἂν ὧν νυνὶ πεποίηκεν ἔπραξεν</b> if he had then come to this opinion, he [[would have]] accomplished nothing of what he has now done, <span class="bibl">D.4.5</span>, al., but is used idiomatically with Verbs of saying, answering, etc., as we say [[I should have]] said, εἰ μὴ πατὴρ ἦσθ', εἶπον ἄν σ' οὐκ εὖ φρονεῖν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>755</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>199d</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Euthphr.</span>12d</span>, etc.: the plpf. refers to completed actions, as <b class="b3">ὃ εἰ ἀπεκρίνω, ἱκανῶς ἂν ἤδη παρὰ σοῦ τὴν ὁσιότητα ἐμεμαθήκη</b> I [[should have]] already learnt... ib.<span class="bibl">14c</span>; εἰ ὁ ἀνὴρ ἀπέθανεν, δικαίως ἂν ἐτεθνήκει <span class="bibl">Antipho 4.2.3</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> the protasis is freq. understood: <b class="b3">ὑπό κεν ταλασίφρονά περ δέος εἷλεν</b> fear [[would have]] seized even the stout-hearted (had he heard the sound), <span class="bibl">Il.4.421</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ γὰρ ἔρυμα τῷ στρατοπέδῳ οὐκ ἂν ἐτειχίσαντο</b> they [[would]] not [[have]] built the wall (if they had not won a battle), <span class="bibl">Th.1.11</span>; <b class="b3">πολλοῦ γὰρ ἂν ἦν ἄξια</b> for (if that were so) they [[would be]] worth much, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>374d</span>; <b class="b3">οὐ γὰρ ἦν ὅ τι ἂν ἐποιεῖτε</b> for there was nothing which you [[could have]] done, i. e. [[would have]] done (if you had tried), <span class="bibl">D.18.43</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> with no definite protasis understood, to express what [[would have been likely to happen]], or [[might have happened]] in past time: <b class="b3">ἢ γάρ μιν ζωόν γε κιχήσεαι, ἤ κεν Ὀρέστης κτεῖνεν ὑποφθάμενος</b> for either you will find him alive, or else Orestes [[may]] already [[have]] killed him before you, <span class="bibl">Od.4.546</span>; <b class="b3">ὃ θεασάμενος πᾶς ἄν τις ἀνὴρ ἠράσθη δάϊος εἶναι</b> every man who saw this (the 'Seven against Thebes') [[would have]] longed to be a warrior, <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Ra.</span>1022</span>; esp. with [[τάχα]], [[quod vide|q.v.]], <b class="b3">ἀλλ' ἦλθε μὲν δὴ τοῦτο τοὔνειδος τάχ' ἂν ὀργῇ βιασθὲν μᾶλλον ἢ γνώμῃ φρενῶν</b>, i. e. it [[might]] perhaps [[have]] come, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>523</span>; <b class="b3">τάχα ἂν δὲ καὶ ἄλλως πως ἐσπλεύσαντες</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[διέβησαν]]) and they [[might]] also perhaps [[have]] crossed by sea (to Sicily) in some other way, <span class="bibl">Th.6.2</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>265b</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">d</span> [[ἄν]] is freq. omitted in apodosi with Verbs expressing obligation, propriety, or possibility, as <b class="b3">ἔδει, ἐχρῆν, εἰκὸς ἦν</b>, etc., and sometimes for rhetorical effect, <b class="b3">εἰ μὴ . . ᾖσμεν, φόβον παρέσχεν</b> it [[had]] caused (for it [[would have]] caused) fear, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>1113</span>. This use becomes more common in later Gk. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> with fut. ind.: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">a</span> frequently in Ep., usually with κεν, rarely [[ἄν]], <span class="bibl">Il.9.167</span>, <span class="bibl">22.66</span>, indicating a limitation or condition, <b class="b3">ὁ δέ κεν κεχολώσεται ὅν κεν ἵκωμαι</b> and he [[will likely be]] angry to whom-[[soever]] I shall come, ib.<span class="bibl">1.139</span>; <b class="b3">καί κέ τις ὧδ' ἐρέει</b> and in that case men will say, <span class="bibl">4.176</span>; ἐγὼ δέ κέ τοι καταλέξω <span class="bibl">Od.3.80</span>; so in Lyr., μαθὼν δέ τις ἂν ἐρεῖ <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>7.68</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">I.</span>6(5).59</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> rarely in codd. of Att. Prose writers, σαφὲς ἂν καταστήσετε <span class="bibl">Th.1.140</span>; οὐχ ἥκει, οὐδ' ἂν ἥξει δεῦρο <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>615d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ap.</span>29c</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.5.13</span>; dub. in <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Mul.</span>2.174</span>: in later Prose, Philostr.V A2.21, S E.<span class="title">M.</span>9.225: also in Poetry, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>484</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>1313</span>; οὐκ ἂν προδώσω <span class="bibl">Herod.6.36</span> (corr. <b class="b3">-δοίην</b>):— for [[ἄν]] with fut. inf. and part. v. infr. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> WITH SUBJUNCTIVE, only in Ep., the meaning being the same as with the fut. ind. (<span class="bibl">1.2a</span>), freq. with 1st pers., as <b class="b3">εἰ δέ κε μὴ δώῃσιν, ἐγὼ δέ κεν αὐτὸς ἕλωμαι</b> in that case [[I will]] take her myself, <span class="bibl">Il.1.324</span>; <b class="b3">πείθευ, ἐγὼ δέ κέ τοι εἰδέω χάριν</b> obey and [[if so]] I will be grateful, <span class="bibl">14.235</span> (the subj. is always introduced by [[δέ]] in this usage); also with other persons, giving emphasis to the future, οὐκ ἄν τοι χραίσμῃ κίθαρις <span class="bibl">3.54</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> WITH OPTATIVE (never fut., rarely pf. <b class="b3">πῶς ἂν λελήθοι [με</b>]; <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Smp.</span>3.6</span>): </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">a</span> in apodosis of conditional sentences, after protasis in opt. with [[εἰ]] or some other conditional or relative word, expressing a fut. condition: ἀλλ' εἴ μοί τι πίθοιο, τό κεν πολὺ κέρδιον εἴη <span class="bibl">Il.7.28</span>; οὐ πολλὴ ἂν ἀλογία εἴη, εἰ φοβοῖτο τὸν θάνατον; <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>68b</span>:—in Hom. pres. and aor. opt. with κε or [[ἄν]] are sometimes used like impf. and aor. ind. with [[ἄν]] in Attic, with either regular ind. or another opt. in the protasis: <b class="b3">καί νύ κεν ἔνθ' ἀπόλοιτο . . εἰ μὴ . . νόησε κτλ</b>., i. e. he [[would have]] perished, had she not perceived, etc., <span class="bibl">Il.5.311</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">5.388</span>, <span class="bibl">17.70</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ νῦν ἐπὶ ἄλλῳ ἀεθλεύοιμεν, ἦ τ' ἂν ἐγὼ . . κλισίηνδε φεροίμην</b> if we were now contending in another's honour, I [[should]] now carry... ib.<span class="bibl">23.274</span>: so rarely in Trag., <b class="b3">οὐδ' ἂν σὺ φαίης, εἴ σε μὴ κνίζοι λέχος</b> (for <b class="b3">εἰ μὴ ἔκνιζε</b>) <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>568</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> with protasis in pres. or fut., the opt. with [[ἄν]] in apodosi takes a simply future sense: <b class="b3">φρούριον δ' εἰ ποιήσονται, τῆς μὲν γῆς βλάπτοιεν ἄν τι μέρος</b> they [[might perhaps]] damage, <span class="bibl">Th.1.142</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">2.60</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>25b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>333e</span>; ἢν οὖν μάθῃς . . οὐκ ἂν ἀποδοίην <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>116</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.1.26</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> with protasis understood: φεύγωμεν· ἔτι γάρ κεν ἀλύξαιμεν κακὸν ἦμαρ <span class="bibl">Od.10.269</span>; <b class="b3">οὔτε ἐσθίουσι πλείω ἢ δύνανται φέρειν· διαρραγεῖεν γὰρ ἄν</b> for (if they should do so) they [[would]] burst, <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.2.21</span>; <b class="b3">τὸν δ' οὔ κε δύ' ἀνέρε . . ἀπ' οὔδεος ὀχλίσσειαν</b> two men [[could]] not heave the stone from the ground, i. e. [[would]] not, if they should try, <span class="bibl">Il.12.447</span>; οὐδ' ἂν δικαίως ἐς κακὸν πέσοιμί τι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>240</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.2.8</span>: in Hom. sometimes with ref. to past time, Τυδεΐδην οὐκ ἂν γνοίης ποτέροισι μετείη <span class="bibl">Il.5.85</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">d</span> with no definite protasis implied, in potential sense: <b class="b3">ἡδέως δ' ἂν ἐροίμην Λεπτίνην</b> but I [[would]] gladly ask Leptines, <span class="bibl">D.20.129</span>; <b class="b3">βουλοίμην ἄν</b> I [[should]] like, Lat. [[velim]] (but <b class="b3">ἐβουλόμην ἄν</b> I [[should]] wish, if it were of any avail, [[vellem]]); <b class="b3">ποῖ οὖν τραποίμεθ' ἄν;</b> which way then [[can]] we turn? <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthd.</span>290a</span>; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἂν μεθείμην τοῦ θρόνου</b> I [[will]] not give up the throne, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>830</span>; idiomatically, referring to the past, <b class="b3">αὗται δὲ οὐκ ἂν πολλαὶ εἶεν</b> but these [[would]] not (on investigation) prove to be many, <span class="bibl">Th.1.9</span>; <b class="b3">εἴησαν δ' ἂν οὗτοι Κρῆτες</b> these [[would]] be (i. e. [[would have]] been) Cretans, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.2</span>: used in order to soften assertions by giving them a less positive form, as <b class="b3">οὐκ ἂν οὖν πάνυ γέ τι σπουδαῖον εἴη ἡ δικαιοσύνη</b>, i.e. it [[would]] not [[prove to be]], etc. (for, it [[is]] not, etc.), Pl.<span class="title">R.</span> <span class="bibl">333e</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">e</span> in questions, expressing a wish: τίς ἂν θεῶν . . δοίη; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span> 1100</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1448</span>; πῶς ἂν θάνοιμι; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>389</span>: hence (with no question) as a mild command, exhortation, or entreaty, τλαίης κεν Μενελάῳ ἐπιπροέμεν ταχὺν ἰόν <span class="bibl">Il.4.94</span>; <b class="b3">σὺ μὲν κομίζοις ἂν σεαυτὸν ᾗ θέλεις</b> you [[may]] take yourself off (milder than <b class="b3">κόμιζε σεαυτόν</b>), <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>444</span>; <b class="b3">χωροῖς ἂν εἴσω</b> you [[may]] go in, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span>1491</span>; <b class="b3">κλύοις ἂν ἤδη, Φοῖβε</b> hear me now, Phoebus, ib.<span class="bibl">637</span>; <b class="b3">φράζοις ἄν, λέγοις ἄν</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>23c</span>, <span class="bibl">48b</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">f</span> in a protasis which is also an apodosis: <b class="b3">εἴπερ ἄλλῳ τῳ ἀνθρώπων πειθοίμην ἄν, καὶ σοὶ πείθομαι</b> if I [[would]] trust any (other) man (if he gave me his word), I trust you, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Prt.</span>329b</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ μὴ ποιήσαιτ' ἂν τοῦτο</b> if you [[would]] not do this (if you could), <span class="bibl">D.4.18</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.5.3</span>, <span class="bibl">Plot.6.4.16</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">g</span> rarely omitted with opt. in apodosis: ῥεῖα θεός γ' ἐθέλων καὶ τηλόθεν ἄνδρα σαώσαι <span class="bibl">Od.3.231</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">14.123</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.5.303</span>; also in Trag., θᾶσσον ἢ λέγοι τις <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>1186</span>; τεὰν δύνασιν τίς . . κατάσχοι; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>605</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">h</span> [[ἄν]] c. fut. opt. is prob. always corrupt (cf. <span class="bibl">1.2b</span>), as <b class="b3">τὸν αὐτὸν ἂν ἐπαινέσοι</b> ([[ἐπαινέσαι]] Bekk.) <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>719e</span>; <b class="b3">εἰδὼς ὅτι οὐδέν' ἂν καταλήψοιτο</b> ([[οὐδένα]] Bekk.) <span class="bibl">Lys.1.22</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> WITH INF. and PART. (sts. ADJ. equivalent to part., τῶν δυνατῶν ἂν κρῖναι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>577b</span>) representing ind. or opt.: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> pres. inf. or part.: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">a</span> representing impf. ind., <b class="b3">οἴεσθε τὸν πατέρα . . οὐκ ἂν φυλάττειν;</b> do you think he [[would]] not [[have]] kept them safe? (οὐκ ἂν ἐφύλαττεν), <span class="bibl">D.49.35</span>; <b class="b3">ἀδυνάτων ἂν ὄντων [ὑμῶν] ἐπιβοηθεῖν</b> when you [[would have]] been unable, <span class="bibl">Th.1.73</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">4.40</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> representing pres. opt., <b class="b3">πόλλ' ἂν ἔχων</b> (representing <b class="b3">ἔχοιμ' ἄν</b>) ἕτερ' εἰπεῖν παραλείπω <span class="bibl">D. 18.258</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.3.18</span>: with Art., τὸ ἐθέλειν ἂν ἰέναι ἄκλητος ἐπὶ δεῖπνον <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>174b</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> aor. inf. or part.: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">a</span> representing aor. ind., <b class="b3">οὐκ ἂν ἡγεῖσθ' αὐτὸν κἂν ἐπιδραμεῖν;</b> do you not think he [[would]] even [[have]] run thither? (καὶ ἐπέδραμεν ἄν), <span class="bibl">D.27.56</span>; <b class="b3">ἴσμεν ὑμᾶς ἀναγκασθέντας ἄν</b> we know you [[would have]] been compelled, <span class="bibl">Th.1.76</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.89</span>; <b class="b3">ῥᾳδίως ἂν ἀφεθείς</b> when he [[might]] easily [[have]] been acquitted, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>4.4.4</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> representing aor. opt., <b class="b3">οὐδ' ἂν κρατῆσαι αὐτοὺς τῆς γῆς ἡγοῦμαι</b> I think they [[would]] not even be masters of the land (οὐδ' ἂν κρατήσειαν), <span class="bibl">Th.6.37</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">2.20</span>; <b class="b3">ὁρῶν ῥᾳδίως ἂν αὐτὸ ληφθέν</b> (ληφθείη ἄν) <span class="bibl">Id.7.42</span>; <b class="b3">οὔτε ὄντα οὔτε ἂν γενόμενα</b>, i.e. things which are not and never [[could]] happen (ἃ οὔτε ἂν γένοιτο), <span class="bibl">Id.6.38</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> pf. inf. or part. representing: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">a</span> plpf. ind., <b class="b3">πάντα ταῦθ' ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων ἂν ἑαλωκέναι</b> (φήσειεν ἄν) he [[would]] say that all these [[would have]] been destroyed by the barbarians (ἑαλώκη ἄν), <span class="bibl">D.19.312</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> pf. opt., <b class="b3">οὐκ ἂν ἡγοῦμαι αὐτοὺς δίκην ἀξίαν δεδωκέναι, εἰ . . καταψηφίσαισθε</b> I do not believe they [[would]] (then) have suffered (δεδωκότες ἂν εἶεν) punishment enough, etc., <span class="bibl">Lys.27.9</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> fut. inf.or part., never in Ep., and prob. always corrupt in Att., <b class="b3">νομίζων μέγιστον ἂν σφᾶς ὠφελήσειν</b> (leg. <b class="b3">-ῆσαι</b>) <span class="bibl">Th.5.82</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">6.66</span>, <span class="bibl">8.25</span>,<span class="bibl">71</span>; part. is still more exceptional, ὡς ἐμοῦ οὐκ ἂν ποιήσοντος ἄλλα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>30c</span> (codd.), cf. <span class="bibl">D.19.342</span> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]]); both are found in later Gk., νομίσαντες ἂν οἰκήσειν οὕτως ἄριστα <span class="bibl">Plb.8.30.8</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Marc.</span>15</span>, <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">An.</span>2.2.3</span>; with part., <span class="bibl">Epicur. <span class="title">Nat.</span>14.1</span>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Asin.</span>26</span>, <span class="bibl">Lib.<span class="title">Or.</span>62.21</span>, dub. l. in <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">An.</span>6.6.5</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">B</span> IN DEPENDENT CLAUSES. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> In the protasis of conditional sentences with [[εἰ]], regularly with the subjunctive. In Attic <b class="b3">εἰ ἄν</b> is contracted into [[ἐάν]], [[ἤν]], or [[ἄν]] (ᾱ) ([[quod vide|q.v.]]): Hom. has generally <b class="b3">εἴ κε</b> (or <b class="b3">αἴ κε</b>), sometimes [[ἤν]], once εἰ δ' ἄν <span class="bibl">Il.3.288</span>, twice εἴπερ ἄν <span class="bibl">5.224</span>, <span class="bibl">232</span>. The protasis expresses either future condition (with apod. of fut. time) or general condition (with apod. of repeated action): <b class="b3">εἰ δέ κεν ὣς ἔρξῃς καί τοι πείθωνται Ἀχαιοί, γνώσῃ ἔπειθ' ὅς</b> . . if thus thou shalt do... ib.<span class="bibl">2.364</span>; <b class="b3">ἢν ἐγγὺς ἔλθῃ θάνατος, οὐδεὶς βούλεται θνῄσκειν</b> if death (ever) come near... <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>671</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> in relative or temporal clauses with a conditional force; here [[ἄν]] coalesces with <b class="b3">ὅτε, ὁπότε, ἐπεί, ἐπειδή</b>, cf. [[ὅταν]], [[ὁπόταν]], [[ἐπήν]] or [[ἐπάν]] (Ion. [[ἐπεάν]]) <b class="b3">, ἐπειδάν</b>: Hom. has <b class="b3">ὅτε κε</b> (sts. <b class="b3">ὅτ' ἄν</b>) <b class="b3">, ὁππότε κε</b> (sts. <b class="b3">ὁπότ' ἄν</b> or <b class="b3">ὁππότ' ἄν</b>) <b class="b3">, ἐπεί κε</b> (ἐπεὶ ἄν <span class="bibl">Il.6.412</span>), <b class="b3">ἐπήν, εὖτ' ἄν;</b> v. also [[εἰσόκε]] (εἰς ὅ κε):<b class="b3">—τάων ἥν κ' ἐθέλωμι φίλην ποιήσομ' ἄκοιτιν</b> whomsoever of these I [[may]] wish... <span class="bibl">Il.9.397</span>; <b class="b3">ὅταν δὴ μὴ σθένω, πεπαύσομαι</b> when I shall have no strength... <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>91</span>; <b class="b3">ἐχθρὸς γάρ μοι κεῖνος . . ὅς χ' ἕτερον μὲν κεύθῃ ἐνὶ φρεσίν, ἄλλο δὲ εἴπῃ</b> who[[ever]] conceals one thing in his mind and speaks another, <span class="bibl">Il.9.312</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.4.6</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.21</span>. —Hom. uses subj. in both the above constructions (''1'' and <span class="bibl">2</span>) without <b class="b3">ἄν;</b> also Trag. and Com., <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>496</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>805</span>; [[μέχρι]] and [[πρίν]] occasionally take subj. without [[ἄν]] in prose, e.g. <span class="bibl">Th.1.137</span>,<span class="bibl">4.16</span> (μέχρι οὗ), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>62c</span>, <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.60</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> in final clauses introduced by relative Advbs., as [[ὡς]], [[ὅπως]] (of Manner), [[ἵνα]] (of [[place]]), [[ὄφρα]], [[ἕως]], etc. (of [[time]]), freq. in Ep., σαώτερος ὥς κε νέηαι <span class="bibl">Il.1.32</span>; ὄφρα κεν εὕδῃ <span class="bibl">Od.3.359</span>; ὅπως ἂν εἰδῇ . . φράσω <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>824</span>; ὅπως ἂν φαίνηται κάλλιστος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>198e</span>; μηχανητέον ὅπως ἂν διαφύγῃ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Grg.</span> 481a</span> (where [[ὅπως]] with fut. ind. is the regular constr.); also after [[ὡς]] in Hdt., Trag., <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.5.16</span>, al., once in <span class="bibl">Th.6.91</span> (but fut. ind. is regular in Att.); [[ἵνα]] final does not take [[ἄν]] or κε exc. ἵνα εἰδότες ἤ κε θάνωμεν ἤ κεν . . φύγοιμεν <span class="bibl">Od.12.156</span> ([[ἵνα]] = [[where]] in <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>405</span>). [[μή]], = [[lest]], takes [[ἄν]] only with opt. in apodosis, as <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>631</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.93</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> in Ep. sometimes with OPTATIVE as with subj. (always κε (ν), exc. εἴ περ ἂν αὐταὶ Μοῦσαι ἀείδοιεν <span class="bibl">Il.2.597</span>), εἴ κεν Ἄρης οἴχοιτο <span class="bibl">Od.8.353</span>; <b class="b3">ὥς κε . . δοίη ᾧ κ' ἐθέλοι</b> that he [[might]] give her to whomsoever he [[might]] please, ib.<span class="bibl">2.54</span>: so in Hdt. in final clauses, <span class="bibl">1.75</span>,<span class="bibl">99</span>:—in <span class="bibl">Od.23.135</span> <b class="b3">ὥς κέν τις φαίη, κέν</b> belongs to Verb in apod., as in ὡς δ' ἂν ἥδιστα ταῦτα φαίνοιτο <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.5.81</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> rarely in [[oratio obliqua]], where a relat. or temp. word retains an [[ἄν]] which it would have with subj. in direct form, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>687</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.6</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.17.15</span>; ἐπειδὰν δοκιμασθείην <span class="bibl">D.30.6</span>:—similarly after a preceding opt., οὐκ ἀποκρίναιο ἕως ἂν . . σκέψαιο <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>101d</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> rarely with [[εἰ]] and INDICATIVE in protasis, only in Ep.: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> with fut. ind. as with subj.: αἴ κεν Ἰλίου πεφιδήσεται <span class="bibl">Il.15.213</span>:—so with relat., οἵ κέ με τιμήσουσι <span class="bibl">1.175</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> with [[εἰ]] and a past tense of ind., once in Hom., εἰ δέ κ' ἔτι προτέρω γένετο δρόμος <span class="bibl">Il.23.526</span>; so <b class="b3">Ζεὺς γάρ κ' ἔθηκε νῆσον εἴ κ' ἐβούλετο</b> Orac. ap. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.174</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span> 1099</span> (cod. R), <span class="bibl">A.R.1.197</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> in later Greek, [[ἄν]] with relative words is used with INDICATIVE in all tenses, as ὅπου ἂν εἰσεπορεύετο <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Marc.</span>6.56</span>; ὅσ' ἂν πάσχετε <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PFay.</span>136</span> (iv A. D.); ἔνθ' ἂν πέφυκεν ἡ ὁλότης εἶναι <span class="bibl">Phlp. <span class="title">in Ph.</span>436.19</span>; cf. [[ἐάν]], [[ὅταν]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">C</span> with impf. and more rarely aor. ind. in ITERATIVE construction, to express elliptically <b class="b2">a condilion fulfilled whenever an opportumty offered;</b> freq. in Hdt. (not in Pi. or A.), <b class="b3">κλαίεσκε ἂν καὶ ὀδυρέσκετο</b> she [[would]] (i. e. [[used to]]) weep and lament, 3.119; εἶτα πῦρ ἂν οὐ παρῆν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>295</span>; <b class="b3">εἴ τινες ἴδοιεν... ἀνεθάρσησαν ἄν</b> whenever they saw it, on each occasion, <span class="bibl">Th.7.71</span>; διηρώτων ἂν αὐτοὺς τί λέγοιεν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>22b</span>: inf. representing impf. of this constr., <b class="b3">ἀκούω Λακεδαιμονίους τότε ἐμβαλόντας ἂν . . ἀναχωρεῖν</b>, i. e. I hear they [[used to]] retire (ἀνεχώρουν ἄν), <span class="bibl">D.9.48</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">D</span> GENERAL REMARKS: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> POSITION OF [[ἄν]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> in A, when [[ἄν]] does not coalesce with the relat. word (as in [[ἐάν]], [[ὅταν]]), it follows directly or is separated only by other particles, as <b class="b3">μέν, δέ, τε, ga/r, kai/, νυ, περ,</b> etc.; as εἰ μέν κεν . . εἰ δέ κε <span class="bibl">Il.3.281</span>-<span class="bibl">4</span>; rarely by τις, as ὅποι τις ἄν, οἶμαι, προσθῇ <span class="bibl">D.2.14</span>:—in Hom. and Hes. two such Particles may precede κε, as εἴ περ γάρ κεν <span class="bibl">Od.8.355</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.2.123</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ γάρ τίς κε, ὃς μὲν γάρ κε</b>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>280</span>,<span class="bibl">357</span>; rarely in Prose, ὅποι μὲν γὰρ ἄν <span class="bibl">D.4.45</span>; ὁπότερος οὖν ἄν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>1420</span>: also ὁπόσῳ πλέον ἄν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>647e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">850a</span>; ὅπου τὸ πάλαι λεγόμενον ἂν γίγνηται <span class="bibl">739c</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> in apodosis, [[ἄν]] may stand either next to its Verb (before or after it), or after some other emphatic word, esp. an interrog., a negative (e. g. <b class="b3">οὐδ' ἂν εἷς, οὐκ ἂν ἔτι</b>, etc.), or an important Adjective or Adverb; also after a participle which represents the protasis, <b class="b3">λέγοντος ἄν τινος πιστεῦσαι οἴεσθε;</b> do you think they [[would have]] believed it if any one had told them? (εἴ τις ἔλεγεν, ἐπίστευσαν ἄν), <span class="bibl">D.6.20</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[ἄν]] is freq. separated from its inf. by such Verbs as <b class="b3">οἴομαι, δοκέω, φημί, οἶδα</b>, etc., <b class="b3">οὐκ ἂν οἴει</b> . .; freq. in <span class="bibl">Pl., <span class="title">Grg.</span>486d</span>, al.; <b class="b3">καὶ νῦν ἡδέως ἄν μοι δοκῶ κοινωνῆσαι</b> I think that I [[should]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.7.25</span>; οὕτω γὰρ ἄν μοι δοκεῖ ἥ τε πόλις ἄριστα διοικεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.2</span>; <b class="b3">ἃ μήτε προῄδει μηδεὶς μήτ' ἂν ᾠήθη τήμερον ῥηθῆναι</b> (where [[ἄν]] belongs to [[ῥηθῆναι]]) <span class="bibl">D. 18.225</span>:—in the phrase <b class="b3">οὐκ οἶδ' ἂν εἰ</b>, or <b class="b3">οὐκ ἂν οἶδ' εἰ, ἄν</b> belongs not to [[οἶδα]], but to the Verb which follows, <b class="b3">οὐκ οἶδ' ἂν εἰ πείσαιμι</b>, for <b class="b3">οὐκ οἶδα εἰ πείσαιμι ἄν</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>941</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Alc.</span>48</span>; οὐκ ἂν οἶδ' εἰ δυναίμην <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Ti.</span>26b</span>; οὐκ οἶδ' ἂν εἰ ἐκτησάμην <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>5.4.12</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[ἄν]] never begins a sentence, or even a clause after a comma, but may stand first after a parenthetic clause, ἀλλ', ὦ μέλ', ἄν μοι σιτίων διπλῶν ἔδει Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span> <abbr title="Illegible text in print source">†</abbr><span class="bibl">37</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> REPETITION OF [[ἄν]]:—in apodosis [[ἄν]] may be used twice or even three times with the same Verb, either to make the condition felt throughout a long sentence, or to emphasize certain words, ὥστ' ἄν, εἰ σθένος λάβοιμι, δηλώσαιμ' ἄν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>333</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span>69</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span> 340</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.76</span> (fin.), <span class="bibl">2.41</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>31a</span>, <span class="bibl">Lys.20.15</span>; ἀφανεῖς ἂν ὄντες οὐκ ἂν ὑμνήθημεν ἄν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1244</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>739</span>; attached to a parenthetical phrase, <b class="b3">ἔδρασ' ἄν, εὖ τοῦτ' ἴσθ' ἄν, εἰ</b> . . <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OT</span>1438</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[ἄν]] is coupled with κε (ν) a few times in Hom., as <span class="bibl">Il.11.187</span>,<span class="bibl">202</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.5.361</span>, al.; cf. <b class="b3">ἤν περ γάρ κ' ἐθέλωσιν</b> [[varia lectio|v.l.]] ib.<span class="bibl">18.318</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> ELLIPSIS OF VERB:—sts. the Verb to which [[ἄν]] belongs must be supplied, in Hom. only [[εἰμί]], as <b class="b3">τάτ' ἔλδεται ὅς κ' ἐπιδευής</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[ᾖ]]) <span class="bibl">Il.5.481</span>; <b class="b3">ἀλλ' οὐκ ἂν πρὸ τοῦ</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[ἔρρεγκον]]) <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>5</span>; <b class="b3">τί δ' ἂν δοκεῖ σοι Πρίαμος</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[πρᾶξαι]]), εἰ τάδ' ἤνυσεν; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>935</span>:—so in phrases like [[πῶς γὰρ ἄν]]; and <b class="b3">πῶς οὐκ ἄν</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[εἴη]]); also in <b class="b3">ὥσπερ ἂν εἰ</b> (or [[ὡσπερανεί]]), as <b class="b3">φοβούμενος ὥσπερ ἂν εἰ παῖς</b> (i. e. <b class="b3">ὥσπερ ἂν ἐφοβήθη εἰ παῖς ἦν</b>) <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>479a</span>; so <b class="b3">τοσοῦτον ἐφρόνησαν, ὅσον περ ἂν</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[ἐφρόνησαν]]) εἰ . . <span class="bibl">Isoc.10.48</span>:—so also when <b class="b3">κἂν εἰ</b>( = [[καὶ ἂν εἰ]]) has either no Verb in the apod. or one to which [[ἄν]] cannot belong, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>477a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Men.</span>72c</span>; cf. [[κἄν]]:—so the Verb of a protasis containing [[ἄν]] may be understood, <b class="b3">ὅποι τις ἂν προσθῇ, κἂν μικρὰν δύναμιν</b> (i. e. <b class="b3">καὶ ἐὰν προσθῇ</b>) <span class="bibl">D.2.14</span>; <b class="b3">ὡς ἐμοῦ οὖν ἰόντος ὅπῃ ἂν καὶ ὑμεῖς</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[ἴητε]]) <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.3.6</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> ELLIPSIS OF [[ἄν]]:—when an apodosis consists of several co-ordinate clauses, [[ἄν]] is generally used only in the first and understood in the others: πείθοι' ἂν εἰ πείθοι'· ἀπειθοίης δ' ἴσως <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1049</span>: even when the construction is continued in a new sentence, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>352e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">439b</span> codd.: but [[ἄν]] is repeated for the sake of clearness or emphasis, ib. <span class="bibl">398a</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.19.156</span> (where an opt. is implied with the third [[ὡς]]): rarely expressed with the second of two co-ordinate Verbs and understood with the first, <b class="b3">τοῦτον ἂν . . θαρσοίην ἐγὼ καλῶς μὲν ἄρχειν, εὖ δ' ἂν ἄρχεσθαι θέλειν</b> (i. e. <b class="b3">καλῶς μὲν ἂν ἄρχοι, εὖ δ' ἂν θέλοι ἄρχεσθαι</b>) <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>669</span>.</span><span class=head>ἄν</span><span class="bld">ἄν</span> (B), [ᾱ], Att., <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> = [[ἐάν]], [[ἤν]], <span class="bibl">Th.4.46</span> codd., al.; freq. in Pl., ἂν σωφρονῇ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phd.</span>61b</span>; <b class="b3">ἂν θεὸς θέλῃ</b> ib.<span class="bibl">80d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.4.50</span>; ἄν τ' . . ἄν τε <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Ath.</span>48.4</span>: not common in earlier Att. Inscrr., <span class="title">IG</span>1.2a5, 2.179b49, al.: but freq. later, <span class="title">SIG</span>1044.27 (iv/iii B. C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PPetr.</span>2p.47</span> (iii B. C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PPar.</span>32.19</span> (ii B. C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>110.8</span> (i B. C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Jo.</span>20.23</span>, etc.</span><span class=head>ἄν</span><span class="bld">ἄν</span> (C) or ἀν, Epic form of [[ἀνά]], [[quod vide|q.v.]]<span class=head>ἄν</span><span class="bld">ἄν</span> (D), shortened from [[ἄνα]], v. sub [[ἀνά]] G.
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