πείθω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[persuade]], impf. ἔπειθον <span class="bibl">Il.22.91</span>, etc.; Ep. and Lyr. πεῖθον <span class="bibl">16.842</span>, <span class="bibl">B.8.16</span>: fut. πείσω <span class="bibl">Il.9.345</span>, etc.; Ep. inf. πεισέμεν <span class="bibl">5.252</span>: aor. 1 ἔπεισα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>2.80</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>84</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>304</span>, etc. (Hom. has only opt. πείσειε <span class="bibl">Od.14.123</span>); Aeol. part. πείσαις <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>3.16</span>: aor. 2 ἔπῐθον <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">P.</span>3.65</span> (poet. [[πίθον]]), Corinn.<span class="title">Supp.</span>2.58 (poet. dual [[πιθέταν]]), <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Supp.</span>941</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>949</span>, <span class="bibl">Theoc.22.64</span>, used by Hom. only in Ep. redupl. forms πεπίθωμεν <span class="bibl">Il.9.112</span>, πεπίθοιμι <span class="bibl">23.40</span>, <span class="bibl">A.R.3.14</span>, πεπῐθεῖν <span class="bibl">Il.9.184</span>, <span class="bibl">A.R.3.536</span>, πεπῐθών <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>4(3).72</span> (v. infr.), πεπιθοῦσα <span class="bibl">Il.15.26</span> (ind. not in Il. or Od., πέπιθον <span class="bibl">A.R.1.964</span>, πέπιθε <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Ap.</span>275</span>): pf. πέπεικα <span class="bibl">Lys. 26.7</span>, <span class="bibl">Is.8.24</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.14.15</span>:—Med. and Pass. πείθομαι, [[obey]], <span class="bibl">Il.1.79</span>, etc.: fut. [[πείσομαι]] ib.<span class="bibl">289</span>, etc.: aor. 2 [[ἐπῐθόμην]], Ep. πιθόμην <span class="bibl">5.201</span>, ἐπίθετο <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>73</span>, ἐπίθοντο <span class="bibl">Il.3.260</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>22.29.14, redupl. πεπίθοντο <span class="bibl">Orph.<span class="title">Fr.</span>135</span>; imper. πίθεο <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>1.59</span>, πιθοῦ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>992</span>, pl. πίθεσθε <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>794</span>; subj. πίθωμαι <span class="bibl">Il.18.273</span>, etc.; opt. πιθοίμην <span class="bibl">4.93</span>, etc. (redupl. πεπίθοιτο <span class="bibl">10.204</span>); inf. πιθέσθαι <span class="bibl">7.293</span>, etc. (πεπιθέσθαι <span class="title">AP</span>14.75); part. πιθόμενος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1226</span>: aor. 1 Med. ἐπεισάμην <span class="title">IG</span>12(5).720.5 (Andros, ii B. C.), Aristid.1.391 J., Sopat. in <span class="bibl">Rh.8.150</span> W.: fut. Pass. πεισθήσομαι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>624</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span>248e</span>, etc.: aor. 1 ἐπείσθην <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>593</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>526</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>866</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.7.29</span>: pf. [[πέπεισμαι]] <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>697</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span> 578</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>328e</span>; Thess. pf. inf. πεπεῖστειν <span class="title">IG</span>9(2).517.16 (Larissa, iii B. C.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> intr. tenses of Act., in pass. sense, pf. 2 πέποιθα <span class="bibl">Il.4.325</span>, etc. (not freq. in Prose); imper. πέπεισθι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>599</span> codd.; 2sg. subj. πεποίθῃς <span class="bibl">Il.1.524</span>; Ep. 1pl. [[πεποίθομεν]] (for-ωμεν) <span class="bibl">Od.10.335</span>; opt. πεποιθοίη <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>940</span>: plpf. ἐπεποίθειν <span class="bibl">Il. 16.171</span>; 3pl. ἐπεποίθεσαν <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.88</span>; Ep. πεποίθεα <span class="bibl">Od.4.434</span>, <span class="bibl">8.181</span>; 1pl. ἐπέπιθμεν <span class="bibl">Il.2.341</span>, <span class="bibl">4.159</span>: Pi. uses aor. 2 part. [[πιθών]] = [[πιθόμενος]], <span class="bibl"><span class="title">P.</span>3.28</span>, redupl. πεπιθών <span class="bibl"><span class="title">I.</span>4(3).72</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> as if from πῐθέω, Hom. has fut. πῐθήσω <span class="bibl">Od.21.369</span> ([[obey]]): aor. part. πῐθήσας <span class="bibl">Il.4.398</span> ([[trust]]), cf. <span class="bibl">Hes. <span class="title">Op.</span>359</span>, <span class="bibl">671</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.109</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>618</span> (lyr.), Lyc.735; redupl. aor. subj. [[πεπῐθήσω]] trans., <span class="bibl">Il.22.223</span>:—also Aeol. πίθημι, part. πίθεις Alc.<span class="title">Supp.</span> 9.4. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> Act., [[prevail upon]], [[persuade]], usually by fair means, τινα <span class="bibl">Il.9.345</span>, etc.; [[πεπιθεῖν φρένας Αἰακίδαο]] ib.<span class="bibl">184</span>; σοὶ δὲ φρένας ἄφρονι πεῖθε <span class="bibl">16.842</span>; τοῦ θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἔπειθον <span class="bibl">9.587</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.7.258</span>, <span class="bibl">23.337</span>; Ἕκτορι θυμὸν ἔπειθε <span class="bibl">Il.22.78</span>: c. acc. pers. et inf., [[persuade]] one [[to]]... ib. <span class="bibl">223</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>724</span>, etc.; [[π. τινὰς ὥστε δοῦναι]], etc., <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.5</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.3.31</span>, etc.; [[ὥστε μὴ]]… <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>901</span>; later [[ἵνα]]… <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span> 27.20</span>, Plu.2.181a; [[π. τινὰς ὡς χρὴ... ὡς ἔστι]]... <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>327c</span>, <span class="bibl">364b</span>; π. τινὰ ἐς τὴν ὁμολογίαν <span class="bibl">Th.5.76</span>; κοὐδείς γέ μ' ἂν πείσειεν… τὸ μὴ ἐλθεῖν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>68</span>; [[πείθω ἐμαυτόν]] = [[I persuade myself]], [[I am persuaded]], I [[believe]], <span class="bibl">Th.6.33</span>, <span class="bibl">And.1.70</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>453b</span>, etc.; also π. τι ὠφέλιμον ὄν <span class="bibl">Th.4.17</span>: freq. in part., [[πείσας]] [[by persuasion]], [[by fair means]], opp. [[ἐν δόλῳ]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>102</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">612</span>; opp. [[βίᾳ]], <span class="title">Trag.Adesp.</span>402; [[πόλιν πείσας]] = [[having obtained the city's consent]], <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">OC</span>1298</span>; δᾶμον πείσαις λόγῳ <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>3.16</span>; [[μὴ πείσας]] unless [[by leave]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>844e</span>; οὐ πείσαντες τὸν δῆμον <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.41</span>; [[πείθοντες]], opp. [[βίᾳ]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.5.11</span>; [[π. γυναῖκα]], opp. [[βιάζεσθαι]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>6.1.34</span>; [[πέπεικε]], opp. [[ἠνάγκακε]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Hipparch.</span>232b</span> (but π. ἀνάγκῃ <span class="bibl">D.C.62.16</span>, cf. [[πειθανάγκη]]): with neut. pron., [[persuade]] one to or of a thing, τοῦτό γε οὐκ ἔπειθε τοὺς Φωκαιέας <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.163</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>1064</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>399b</span>, etc.; ἔπειθον οὐδέν' οὐδέν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1212</span>; [[μὴ πεῖθ' ἃ μὴ δεῖ]] = [[do not attempt to persuade me to]]... <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1442</span>; also [[τοιάνδ' ἔπειθε ῥῆσιν]] = [[addressed them thus]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>615</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[prevail on by entreaty]], <span class="bibl">Il. 24.219</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.14.363</span>; τότε κέν μιν ἱλασσάμενοι πεπίθοιμεν <span class="bibl">Il.1.100</span>; ὥς κέν μιν ἀρεσσάμενοι πεπίθωμεν <span class="bibl">9.112</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">181</span>, <span class="bibl">386</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>450</span>; Ζηνὸς ἦτορ λιταῖς <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>2.80</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>366a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ap.</span>37d</span>: c. dupl. acc., τὸν φόρον ὑποτελῶ Ἀθηναίοισιν, ὃν ἂν πείθω Ἀθηναίους <span class="title">IG</span>12.39.27. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> in bad sense, [[talk over]], [[mislead]], ἐπεὶ οὐ παρελεύσεαι οὐδέ με πείσεις <span class="bibl">Il.1.132</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">6.360</span>; ἔληθε δόλῳ καὶ ἔπειθεν Ἀχαιούς <span class="bibl">Od.2.106</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">14.123</span>; πεπιθοῦσα θυέλλας <span class="bibl">Il. 15.26</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[πείθω τινὰ χρήμασι]] = [[bribe]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.134</span>, <span class="bibl">Lys.21.10</span>; πείθω ἐπὶ μισθῷ μισθῷ, <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.4</span>, <span class="bibl">9.33</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.96</span>, etc. (Pass., χρήμασι πεισθείς <span class="bibl">Id.1.137</span>): [[proverb|prov.]], δῶρα θεοὺς πείθει <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Fr.</span>272</span>; [[πείθειν τινά]] alone, <span class="bibl">Lys. 7.21</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.3.19</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span> 12.20</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> offood, [[tempt]], Xenocr. ap. <span class="bibl">Orib. 2.58.84</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">B</span> Pass. and Med., to [[be prevailed on]], [[be won over]], [[be persuaded]], abs., <span class="bibl">Il.5.201</span>, etc.; imper. freq. in Trag., [[πείθου]] = [[be persuaded]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>520</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span> 1015</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>440</span>; but [[πιθοῦ]] [[comply]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1181</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span> 1207</span>: c. inf., to [[be persuaded]] to do, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>624</span>; πείθεσθέ μοι πρύτανιν ἑλέσθαι Pl .<span class="title">Prt.</span> 338a; also πείθεσθαί τινι ὥστε… <span class="bibl">Th. 2.2</span>; ὃ… ὑμεῖς… ἥκιστ' ἂν ὀξέως πείθοισθε (''[[sc.]]'' [[πρᾶξαι]]) <span class="bibl">Id.6.34</span>; [[ἑκὼν καὶ πεπεισμένος]] = [[of one's own free will]], POxy. ivp 203 (iv A.D.), etc.; [[τὰ μὲν παρ' ἡμῶν ἴσθι σοι πεπεισμένα]] = [[we are won over to you]], <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Th.</span> 1170</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[πείθεσθαί τινι]] = [[listen to]] one, [[obey]] him, <span class="bibl">Il. 1.79</span>, etc.; [[τοῖς ἐν τέλει βεβῶσι π]]. <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Ant.</span> 67</span>; τοῖς ἄρχουσι, τῷ νόμῳ, <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Cyr.</span> 1.2.8</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">An.</span> 7.3.39</span>; μᾶλλον τῷ θεῷ ἢ ὑμῖν <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Ap.</span> 29d</span>: sometimes c. dupl. dat., [[ἔπεσι]], [[μύθοισι π. τινί]], <span class="bibl">Il.1.150</span>, <span class="bibl">23.157</span>: without dat. pers., ἐπείθετο μύθῳ <span class="bibl">1.33</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od. 17.177</span>; [[γήραϊ πείθεσθαι]] [[yield]], [[succumb]] to old age, <span class="bibl">Il.23.645</span>; [[στυγερῇ πειθώμεθα δαιτί]] = [[let]] us [[comply]] with the [[custom]] of [[eating]], sad though the meal be, ib.<span class="bibl">48</span>; [[νῦν μὲν πειθώμεθα νυκτὶ μελαίνῃ]], of leaving off the labours of the day, <span class="bibl">8.502</span>; [[ἀδίκοις ἔργμασι π]]. <span class="bibl">Sol.4.11</span>, <span class="bibl">13.12</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> with Adj. neut., [[σημάντορι πάντα πιθέσθαι]] = [[obey him in all things]], <span class="bibl">Od. 17.21</span>; [[ἅ τιν' οὐ πείσεσθαι ὀΐω]] = [[wherein I think some will not obey]], <span class="bibl">Il.1.289</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">4.93</span>, <span class="bibl">7.48</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt. 6.100</span>, etc.; πάντ' ἔγωγε πείσομαι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>529</span>; πείσομαι δ' ἃ σοὶ δοκεῖ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tr.</span> 1180</span>; οὐ… πείθομαι τὸ δρᾶν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span> 1252</span>; μύθοις… πεισθεὶς ἀφανῆ <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Hipp.</span> 1288</span> (anap.), cf. <span class="bibl">Lys.22.3</span>: rarely with Noun in acc., χρήμασι πεισθῆναι [τὴν ἀναχώρησιν] <span class="bibl">Th.2.21</span> ([[si vera lectio|s.v.l.]]). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> c. gen., four times in Hdt., πείθεσθαί τινος <span class="bibl">1.126</span>, <span class="bibl">5.29</span>, <span class="bibl">33</span>,<span class="bibl">6.12</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">IA</span>726</span>, <span class="bibl">Th. 7.73</span>; πείσθητί μευ <span class="bibl">Herod. 1.66</span>; [[κείνου… πιθοίατο]] vulg. in <span class="bibl">Il.10.57</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[πείθεσθαί τινι]] [[believe]], [[trust in]], πείθεθ' ἑταίρῳ <span class="bibl">Od. 20.45</span>; οἰωνοῖσι <span class="bibl">Il.12.238</span>; τεράεσσι θεῶν καὶ Ζηνὸς ἀρωγῇ <span class="bibl">4.408</span>; ἐνυπνίῳ <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span> 13.79</span>; λεγομένοισι <span class="bibl">Hdt. 2.146</span>, etc.: c. acc. et inf., [[believe that]]... οὐ γάρ πω ἐπείθετο ὃν πατέρ' εἶναι <span class="bibl">Od. 16.192</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.8</span>, etc.: c. dat. pers. et inf., [[π. τινὶ μὴ εἶναι χρήματα]], = [[ὅτι χρήματα οὐκ ἔχει]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span> 7.8.3</span>: with ὡς, οὐ πείσονται ὡς σὺ αὐτὸς οὐκ ἠθέλησας <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Cri.</span>44c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>391b</span>: with neut. Adj. or Pron., τὰ περὶ Αἴγυπτον τοῖσι λέγουσι αὐτὰ π., οὐκ ἐπείθοντο τὰ ἐσαγγελθέντα, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.12</span>, <span class="bibl">8.81</span>; πείθεσθε τούτῳ ταῦτα <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Th.</span> 592</span>; [[ταῦτ' ἐγώ σοι οὐ πείθομαι]] = [[I do not take this on your word]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>25e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phdr.</span>235b</span>: abs., ὡς ἐγὼ πείθομαι <span class="bibl">Phld.<span class="title">Po.</span>5.34</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> [[π. τινὰ ὅπως]]… [[to believe of]] him, that... <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Hipp.</span>1251</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> pf. <span class="bibl">2</span> [[πέποιθα]] [[trust]], [[rely on]], c. dat. pers. vel rei, <span class="bibl">Il.4.325</span>, etc. (not freq. in early Prose, as αὑτῷ πεποιθέναι <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Mx.</span> 248a</span>): c. dat. et inf., οὔ πω χερσὶ πέποιθα ἄνδρ' ἀπαμύνασθαι <span class="bibl">Od. 16.71</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.13.96</span>, etc.: c. dat., οἷσι… μαρναμένοισι πέποιθε <span class="bibl">Od.16.98</span>: later c. inf. only, [[πέποιθα τοῦτ' ἐπισπάσειν κλέος]] = [[I trust to win this fame]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span> 769</span>; αἰχμήν… μᾶλλον θεοῦ σέβειν πεποιθώς [[daring]] to... <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Th.</span>530</span>: once in Hdt., χρήμασι ἐπεποίθεσαν διώσεσθαι <span class="bibl">9.88</span>: rarely c. acc. et inf., πέποιθα… τὸν πυρφόρον ἥξειν κεραυνόν <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Th.</span>444</span>; εἴ τις πέποιθεν ἑαυτῷ Χριστοῦ εἶναι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">2 Ep.Cor.</span>10.7</span>; π. εἴς τινας ὅτι… <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Gal.</span>5.10</span>; [[ἐπί τινας ὅτι]]… <span class="bibl"><span class="title">2 Ep.Cor.</span> 2.3</span>; ἐπὶ χρήμασι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Marc.</span> 10.24</span>: abs., [[ὄφρα πεποίθῃς]] = [[that you may feel confidence]], <span class="bibl">Il.1.524</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.13.344</span>; [[πεποιθώς]] = [[in sure confidence]], <span class="bibl">[[LXX]] <span class="title">De.</span> 33.28</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> post-Hom. pf. Pass. [[πέπεισμαι]] = [[believe]], [[trust]], c. dat., νεκροῖσι <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Eu.</span>599</span>; ὀνείροις <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>1190</span>, etc.: c. acc. et inf., συνοίσειν ταῦτα πέπ. <span class="bibl">D.4.51</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">R.</span> 368a</span>: abs., νῦν δὲ πέπεισμαι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Prt.</span> 328e</span>; [[πεπεισμένος]] ἔκ τινων λογίων = [[persuaded]] by... <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Rom.</span> 14</span>; πεπείσμεθα περὶ ὑμῶν τὰ κρείττονα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Hebr.</span>6.9</span>. (Cf. Lat. [[fido]], [[fides]].) </span>