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ἀκούω: Difference between revisions

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|Transliteration C=akoyo
|Transliteration C=akoyo
|Beta Code=a)kou/w
|Beta Code=a)kou/w
|Definition=<span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> Ep. impf. ᾰκουον <span class="bibl">Il.12.442</span>: fut. [[ἀκούσομαι]] (Act. [[ἀκούσω]] first in <span class="bibl">Hyp.<span class="title">Epit.</span>34</span> [[si vera lectio|s.v.l.]], then in Lyc.378, 686, <span class="bibl">D.H.5.57</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>12.19</span>, etc.: aor. [[ἤκουσα]], Ep. ᾰκουσα <span class="bibl">Il.24.223</span>: pf. [[ἀκήκοα]], Lacon.ἄκουκα <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Lyc.</span>20</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ages.</span>21</span>; [[ἤκουκα]] is a late form, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>237 vii 23</span> (ii A. D.); later Ion. ἀκήκουκα <span class="bibl">Herod.5.49</span>: plpf. ἀκηκόειν <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.52</span>, <span class="bibl">7.208</span>; ἠκηκόειν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>15.7</span>; old Att. ἠκηκόη <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>800</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pax</span>616</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span> 384b</span>:—rare in Med., pres. (v. infr. <span class="bibl">11.2</span>): Ep. impf. ἀκούετο <span class="bibl">Il.4.331</span>: aor. ἠκουσάμην <span class="bibl">Mosch.3.119</span>:—Pass., fut. ἀκουσθήσομαι <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">R.</span>507d</span>: aor. ἠκούσθην <span class="bibl">Th.3.38</span>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Somn.</span>5</span>: pf. ἤκουσμαι <span class="bibl">D.H. <span class="title">Rh.</span>11.10</span>, Ps.-Luc.<span class="title">Philopatr.</span>4; [[ἀκήκουσμαι]] is dub. in Luc.<span class="title">Hist. Conscr.</span>49: plpf. ἤκουστο Anon. ap. <span class="bibl">Demetr.<span class="title">Eloc.</span>217</span>, (παρ-) <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">AJ</span>17.10.10</span>. (<b class="b3">ἀ-κοϝ-</b>, cf. [[κοέω]]):—[[hear]], Hom., etc.: prop. c. acc. of thing heard, gen. of person from whom it is heard, ταῦτα Καλυψοῦς ἤκουσα <span class="bibl">Od.12.389</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>43</span>, etc.; gen. pers. freq. omitted, πάντ' ἀκήκοας λόγον <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span>480</span>, etc.; or the acc. rei, ἄκουε τοῦ θανόντος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">El.</span>792</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">793</span>:—also c. gen. rei, [[φθογγῆς]], [[κτύπου]], [[hear]] it, <span class="bibl">Od.12.198</span> (as [[varia lectio|v.l.]]), <span class="bibl">21.237</span>; λόγων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1187</span>; once in Hom. in Med., ἀκούετο λαὸς ἀϋτῆς <span class="bibl">Il.4.331</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> c. gen. objecti, [[hear of]], [[hear tell of]], ἀ. πατρός <span class="bibl">Od.4.114</span>: freq. c. part., [[τεθνηῶτος]] (''[[sc.]]'' [[πατρός]]) ἀκούσῃς <span class="bibl">1.289</span>, etc.; but <b class="b3">εἰ . . πατρὸς νόστον ἀ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">287</span>; ἀ. περί τινος <span class="bibl">Od.19.270</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>964</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.5.72</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>358d</span>, <span class="bibl">358e</span>; τι περί τινος <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.7.30</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> in Prose the pers. from whom thing is heard freq. takes Prep., <b class="b3">ἀ. τι ἀπό, ἐκ, παρά, πρός τινος</b>, first in <span class="bibl">Il.6.524</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.62</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>7</span>,<span class="bibl">95</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.125</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">d</span> less freq. c. dupl. gen. pers. et rei, [[hear of]] a thing from a person, as <span class="bibl">Od.17.115</span>, <span class="bibl">D.18.9</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">e</span> with part. or inf. added, as <b class="b3">εἰ πτώσσοντας ὑφ' Ἕκτορι πάντας ἀκούσαι</b> should he [[hear]] that all are now crouching under Hector, <span class="bibl">Il.7.129</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.10</span>.θ, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.4.12</span>, <span class="bibl">D.3.9</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. αὐτὸν ὄλβιον εἶναι</b> to [[hear]] [generally] that he is [[happy]], <span class="bibl">Il.24.543</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.5.13</span>, etc.:—also <b class="b3">ἀ. τινὰ ὅτι</b> or <b class="b3">ὡς, Ἀτρεΐδην ἀκοετε ὡς</b>. . <span class="bibl">Od.3.193</span>; <b class="b3">τὸν Δαίδαλον οὐκ ἀκήκοας, ὁτι</b>. .; <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>4.2.33</span>; ἀ. οὕνεκα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>33</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">f</span> c. gen. et part., to [[express]] [[what]] one [[actually]] [[hear]]s from a person, ταῦτ' . . ἤκουον σαφῶς Ὀδυσσέως λέγοντος <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Ph.</span>595</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. τινὸς λέγοντος, διαλεγομένου</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>320b</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.4.1</span>: rarely c. acc. et part., <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>614</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[know by hearsay]], ἔξοιδ' ἀκούων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>105</span>: pres. is used like a pf., νῆσός τις Συρίη κικλήσκεται, εἴ που ἀκούεις <span class="bibl">Od.15.403</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.193</span>; in Prose, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>503c</span>, <span class="bibl">Luc. <span class="title">Gall.</span>13</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> abs., [[hearken]], [[give ear]], especially in proclamations, <b class="b3">ἀκούετε λεῴ</b> [[oyez]]! [[oyez]]! Susar.''1'', etc.: for <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1386</span> v. [[πηγή]] <span class="bibl">2</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">οἱ ἀκούοντες</b> [[readers of a book]], <span class="bibl">Plb.1.13.6</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[listen to]], [[give ear to]], c. gen., <span class="bibl">Il.1.381</span>, etc.: metaph., Φωκυλίδου οὐκ ἀκούεις; <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span> 407a</span>: rarely c. dat., ἀ. ἀνέρι κηδομένῳ <span class="bibl">Il.16.515</span> (in <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>227</span> [[τίνι]] is Eth. dat.): with [[genitive]] of part. after dat., <b class="b3">ὅττι οἱ ὦκ' ἤκουσε . . θεὸς εὐξαμένοιο</b> ib.<span class="bibl">531</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[obey]], [[βασιλῆος]], [[θεοῦ]], <span class="bibl">Il.19.256</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.7.11</span>:—Med., <b class="b3">Λεωφίλου δ' ἀκούεται [πάντα</b>] <span class="bibl">Archil.64</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[hear and understand]], κλύοντες οὐκ ἤκουον <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>448</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ch.</span>5</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>1173</span>; τὸ μὴ πάντας πάντων ἀκούειν <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">M.</span>1.37</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> to [[be a pupil of]], c. gen., <span class="bibl">D.L.9.21</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> after Hom., serving as Pass. to [[λέγειν]], [[hear oneself called]], [[be called]], like Lat. [[audire]], εἴπερ ὄρθ' ἀκούεις, Ζεῦ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>903</span> (cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span> 161</span>); freq. with [[εὖ]] and [[κακῶς]], κακῶς ἀκούω ὑπό τινος = to [[be ill spoken of by one]]; πρός τινος <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.16</span>.<b class="b3">ά; περί τινος</b> for a thing, <span class="bibl">Id.6.86</span>.<b class="b3">ά; ἄμεινον, ἄριστα ἀ</b>., <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.173</span>,<span class="bibl">8.93</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1313</span>, <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.75</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> with nom. of subject, <b class="b3">ἀκούειν κακός, ἀκούειν καλός</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>988</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ly.</span>207a</span>; νῦν κόλακες καὶ θεοῖς ἐχθροὶ . . ἀκούουσι <span class="bibl">D.18.46</span>, etc.; ἔχαιρε ἀκούων Αἰετὸς ὁ Πύρρος <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>7.45</span>; later in Pass. in this sense, <span class="bibl">Nonn.<span class="title">D.</span> 21.220</span>,al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> c. inf., <b class="b3">ἤκουον εἶναι πρῶτοι</b> were [[say|said]] to be [[first]], <span class="bibl">Hdt. 3.131</span>; also ἀκούσομαι μὲν ὡς ἔφυν οἴκτου πλέως <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1074</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> c. acc. rei, <b class="b3">ἀ. κακά</b> [[have]] evil [[spoken of]] one, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>388</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>607</span>; ἀ. λόγον ἐσλόν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>5(4).13</span>; φήμας . . κακὰς ἤκουσεν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>615</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">οὕτως ἀκούω</b> = [[hear it so said]], i. e. [[at first hearing]], ὡς οὕτω γ' ἀκοῦσαι <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Euthphr.</span>3b</span>; ὥς γε οὑτωσὶ ἀκοῦσαι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ly.</span>216a</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> [[understand]], [[take]] in a certain sense, <span class="bibl">Jul.<span class="title">Or.</span>4.147a</span>; especially in Scholl., as Sch.<span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span> 333</span>; <b class="b3">τι ἐπί τινος</b> Sch.<span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>73</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span> Astrol., [[aspect mutually]], of signs equidistant from an equinoctial sign, <span class="bibl">Doroth.189</span>, Heph. Astr.<span class="bibl">2.2</span>; also, = [[ὑπακούειν]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]), <span class="bibl">Id.1.9</span>.</span>
|Definition=<br><span class="bld">A</span> Ep. impf. ᾰκουον Il.12.442: fut. [[ἀκούσομαι]] (Act. [[ἀκούσω]] first in Hyp.''Epit.''34 [[si vera lectio|s.v.l.]], then in Lyc.378, 686, D.H.5.57, ''Ev.Matt.''12.19, etc.: aor. [[ἤκουσα]], Ep. ᾰκουσα Il.24.223: pf. [[ἀκήκοα]], Lacon.ἄκουκα Plu.''Lyc.''20, ''Ages.''21; [[ἤκουκα]] is a late form, ''POxy.''237 vii 23 (ii A. D.); later Ion. ἀκήκουκα Herod.5.49: plpf. ἀκηκόειν Hdt.2.52, 7.208; ἠκηκόειν X.''Oec.''15.7; old Att. ἠκηκόη Ar.''V.''800, ''Pax''616, Pl.''Cra.'' 384b:—rare in Med., pres. (v. infr. 11.2): Ep. impf. ἀκούετο Il.4.331: aor. ἠκουσάμην Mosch.3.119:—Pass., fut. ἀκουσθήσομαι Pl. ''R.''507d: aor. ἠκούσθην Th.3.38, Luc.''Somn.''5: pf. ἤκουσμαι D.H. ''Rh.''11.10, Ps.-Luc.''Philopatr.''4; [[ἀκήκουσμαι]] is dub. in Luc.''Hist. Conscr.''49: plpf. ἤκουστο Anon. ap. Demetr.''Eloc.''217, (παρ-) J.''AJ''17.10.10. (<b class="b3">ἀ-κοϝ-</b>, cf. [[κοέω]]):—[[hear]], Hom., etc.: prop. c. acc. of thing heard, gen. of person from whom it is heard, ταῦτα Καλυψοῦς ἤκουσα Od.12.389, cf. S.''OT''43, etc.; gen. pers. freq. omitted, πάντ' ἀκήκοας λόγον Id.''Aj.''480, etc.; or the acc. rei, ἄκουε τοῦ θανόντος Id.''El.''792, cf. 793:—also c. gen. rei, [[φθογγῆς]], [[κτύπου]], [[hear]] it, Od.12.198 (as [[varia lectio|v.l.]]), 21.237; λόγων S.''OC''1187; once in Hom. in Med., ἀκούετο λαὸς ἀϋτῆς Il.4.331.<br><span class="bld">b</span> c. gen. objecti, [[hear of]], [[hear tell of]], ἀ. πατρός Od.4.114: freq. c. part., [[τεθνηῶτος]] (''[[sc.]]'' [[πατρός]]) ἀκούσῃς 1.289, etc.; but <b class="b3">εἰ.. πατρὸς νόστον ἀ</b>. ib.287; ἀ. περί τινος Od.19.270, cf. E.''IT''964, Isoc.5.72, Pl.''R.''358d, 358e; τι περί τινος X.''An.''7.7.30.<br><span class="bld">c</span> in Prose the pers. from whom thing is heard freq. takes Prep., <b class="b3">ἀ. τι ἀπό, ἐκ, παρά, πρός τινος</b>, first in Il.6.524, cf. Hdt.3.62, S.''OT''7,95, Th.1.125.<br><span class="bld">d</span> less freq. c. dupl. gen. pers. et rei, [[hear of]] a thing from a person, as Od.17.115, D.18.9.<br><span class="bld">e</span> with part. or inf. added, as <b class="b3">εἰ πτώσσοντας ὑφ' Ἕκτορι πάντας ἀκούσαι</b> should he [[hear]] that all are now crouching under Hector, Il.7.129, cf. Hdt.7.10.θ, X.''Cyr.''2.4.12, D.3.9; <b class="b3">. αὐτὸν ὄλβιον εἶναι</b> to [[hear]] [generally] that he is [[happy]], Il.24.543, cf. X.''An.''2.5.13, etc.:—also <b class="b3">ἀ. τινὰ ὅτι</b> or <b class="b3">ὡς, Ἀτρεΐδην ἀκοετε ὡς</b>.. Od.3.193; <b class="b3">τὸν Δαίδαλον οὐκ ἀκήκοας, ὁτι</b>..; X.''Mem.''4.2.33; ἀ. οὕνεκα S.''OC''33.<br><span class="bld">f</span> c. gen. et part., to [[express]] [[what]] one [[actually]] [[hear]]s from a person, ταῦτ'.. ἤκουον σαφῶς Ὀδυσσέως λέγοντος S. ''Ph.''595; <b class="b3">ἀ. τινὸς λέγοντος, διαλεγομένου</b>, Pl.''Prt.''320b, X.''Mem.''2.4.1: rarely c. acc. et part., S.''Ph.''614.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[know by hearsay]], ἔξοιδ' ἀκούων S.''OT''105: pres. is used like a pf., νῆσός τις Συρίη κικλήσκεται, εἴ που ἀκούεις Od.15.403, cf. 3.193; in Prose, Pl.''Grg.''503c, Luc. ''Gall.''13.<br><span class="bld">3</span> abs., [[hearken]], [[give ear]], especially in proclamations, <b class="b3">ἀκούετε λεῴ</b> [[oyez]]! [[oyez]]! Susar.''1'', etc.: for S.''OT''1386 v. [[πηγή]] 2.<br><span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">οἱ ἀκούοντες</b> [[readers of a book]], Plb.1.13.6, al.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[listen to]], [[give ear to]], c. gen., Il.1.381, etc.: metaph., Φωκυλίδου οὐκ ἀκούεις; Pl.''R.'' 407a: rarely c. dat., . ἀνέρι κηδομένῳ Il.16.515 (in S.''El.''227 [[τίνι]] is Eth. dat.): with [[genitive]] of part. after dat., <b class="b3">ὅττι οἱ ὦκ' ἤκουσε.. θεὸς εὐξαμένοιο</b> ib.531.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[obey]], [[βασιλῆος]], [[θεοῦ]], Il.19.256, Od.7.11:—Med., <b class="b3">Λεωφίλου δ' ἀκούεται [πάντα</b>] Archil.64.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[hear and understand]], κλύοντες οὐκ ἤκουον A.''Pr.''448, cf. ''Ch.''5, Ar.''Ra.''1173; τὸ μὴ πάντας πάντων ἀκούειν S.E.''M.''1.37.<br><span class="bld">4</span> to [[be a pupil of]], c. gen., D.L.9.21.<br><span class="bld">III</span> after Hom., serving as Pass. to [[λέγειν]], [[hear oneself called]], [[be called]], like Lat. [[audire]], εἴπερ ὄρθ' ἀκούεις, Ζεῦ S.''OT''903 (cf. A.''Ag.'' 161); freq. with [[εὖ]] and [[κακῶς]], κακῶς ἀκούω ὑπό τινος = to [[be ill spoken of by one]]; πρός τινος Hdt.7.16.<b class="b3">ά; περί τινος</b> for a thing, Id.6.86.<b class="b3">ά; ἄμεινον, ἄριστα ἀ</b>., Hdt.2.173,8.93, cf. S.''Ph.''1313, Antipho 5.75, etc.<br><span class="bld">2</span> with nom. of subject, <b class="b3">ἀκούειν κακός, ἀκούειν καλός</b>, S.''OC''988, Pl.''Ly.''207a; νῦν κόλακες καὶ θεοῖς ἐχθροὶ.. ἀκούουσι D.18.46, etc.; ἔχαιρε ἀκούων Αἰετὸς ὁ Πύρρος Ael.''NA''7.45; later in Pass. in this sense, Nonn.''D.'' 21.220,al.<br><span class="bld">3</span> c. inf., <b class="b3">ἤκουον εἶναι πρῶτοι</b> were [[say|said]] to be [[first]], Hdt. 3.131; also ἀκούσομαι μὲν ὡς ἔφυν οἴκτου πλέως S.''Ph.''1074.<br><span class="bld">4</span> c. acc. rei, <b class="b3">. κακά</b> [[have]] evil [[spoken of]] one, Ar.''Th.''388, cf. S.''Ph.''607; ἀ. λόγον ἐσλόν Pi.''I.''5(4).13; φήμας.. κακὰς ἤκουσεν E.''Hel.''615.<br><span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">οὕτως ἀκούω</b> = [[hear it so said]], i. e. [[at first hearing]], ὡς οὕτω γ' ἀκοῦσαι Pl. ''Euthphr.''3b; ὥς γε οὑτωσὶ ἀκοῦσαι Id.''Ly.''216a.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> [[understand]], [[take]] in a certain sense, Jul.''Or.''4.147a; especially in Scholl., as Sch.E.''Or.'' 333; <b class="b3">τι ἐπί τινος</b> Sch.E.''Hipp.''73.<br><span class="bld">V</span> Astrol., [[aspect mutually]], of signs equidistant from an equinoctial sign, Doroth.189, Heph. Astr.2.2; also, = [[ὑπακούειν]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]), Id.1.9.
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