| |Definition=πονέομαι, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> in early Greek only Med. [[πονέομαι]], inf. πονέεσθαι <span class="bibl">Il.10.116</span>: impf. [[ἐπονεῖτο]], Ep. πονεῖτο <span class="bibl">9.12</span>: fut. πονήσομαι <span class="bibl">23.159</span>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Mul.</span>1.4</span>, later πονέσομαι <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Asin.</span>9</span>: aor. [[ἐπονησάμην]], Ep. πονήσατο <span class="bibl">Il.9.348</span>, ([[διαπονέω]]) <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>966c</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Eq.</span>5.10</span>; [[ἐπονήθην]] [[falsa lectio|f.l.]] in <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>1509</span> (lyr.), ([[διαπονέω]]) <span class="bibl">Isoc.15.267</span>: pf. [[πεπόνημαι]], Ion.3pl.— πονέαται <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.63</span>, Ep. πονήαται <span class="bibl">Arat.82</span>, Att. -ηνται <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>58e</span>: plpf. πεπόνητο <span class="bibl">Il.15.447</span>, Ep.3pl. πονήατο <span class="bibl">A.R.2.263</span>: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> abs., [[work hard]], ὡς ἐπονεῖτο <span class="bibl">Il.2.409</span>; <b class="b3">ὄφελεν πονέεσθαι λισσόμενος</b> he ought to [[suffer toil]] in [[praying]], <span class="bibl">10.117</span>; <b class="b3">ὅπλα... τοῖς ἐπονεῖτο</b> with which he did his [[work]], of Hephaestus, <span class="bibl">18.413</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.16.13</span>; <b class="b3">περὶ δόρπα… πονέοντο</b> were [[busy|busied]] about their [[supper]], <span class="bibl">Il.24.444</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.63</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>58e</span>; so <b class="b3">πεπόνητο καθ' ἵππους</b> was [[busy]] with the [[horse]]s, of a [[charioteer]], <span class="bibl">Il.15.447</span>; <b class="b3">πονέοντο κατὰ κρατερὴν ὑσμίνην</b> were [[toil]]ing in the [[fight]], <span class="bibl">5.84</span>, etc.; hence [[πονεῖσθαι]] alone = [[μάχεσθαι]], <span class="bibl">4.374</span>, <span class="bibl">13.288</span>; <b class="b3">π. τινός</b> to [[be busy]] with... <span class="bibl">Arat.82</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">758</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[suffer]] from [[illness]], [[be sick]], <span class="bibl">Th.2.51</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> c. acc., [[work hard at]], [[make with pains]] or [[do with pains]] or [[make with care]], τύμβον <span class="bibl">Il.23.245</span>; ταῦτ' ἐπονεῖτο ἰδυίῃσι πραπίδεσσι <span class="bibl">18.380</span>; ὅπλα… πονησάμενοι κατὰ νῆα <span class="bibl">Od.11.9</span>; πονησάμενος τὰ ἃ ἔργα <span class="bibl">9.250</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.9.348</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>432</span> (''[[sc.]]'' [[ἄροτρα]]); πονεύμενος ἕρκος ἀλωῆς <span class="bibl">Mosch.4.100</span>; πεπονήατο δαῖτα γέροντι <span class="bibl">A.R.2.263</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">B</span> after Hom., the act. form [[πονέω]] prevails: fut. πονήσω <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span> 344</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>410b</span>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Mul.</span>1.2</span>,<span class="bibl">5</span>; later πονέσω <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mech.</span>856b9</span>, Lyr. Alex.Adesp.<span class="bibl">37.3</span>, <span class="bibl">[[LXX]] <span class="title">Is.</span>19.10</span>, al., and in codd. of <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Aph.</span>4.32</span>: aor. [[ἐπόνησα]], Dor. <b class="b3">ἐπόνᾱσα</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>1369</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>462d</span>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Acut.</span>46</span>, <span class="bibl">Theoc.15.80</span>; poet. πόνησα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>7.36</span>; later ἐπόνεσα <span class="bibl">[[LXX]] <span class="title">1 Ki.</span>23.21</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Ph.<span class="title">Bel.</span>58.1</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Polyaen.3.10.6</span>, etc., and in codd. of <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Coac.</span> 489</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Morb.</span>1.4</span>,<span class="bibl">14</span>: pf. πεπόνηκα <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span>820</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>4.5.22</span>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Vict.</span> 2.66</span>; later πεπόνεκα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PMich.Zen.</span>104.3</span> (iii B.C.): plpf. ἐπεπονήκει <span class="bibl">Th. 7.38</span>:—Pass., aor. [[ἐπονήθην]] (ἐξ-) <span class="bibl">Id.6.31</span>; Dor. subj. πονᾱθῇ <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>6.11</span>: pf. πεπόνημαι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>985</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>232a</span> (v. infr. <span class="bibl">1.3</span>): </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> intr., [[toil]], [[labour]], περὶ λήϊον <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.14</span>; ἐς ἄκαιρα πονεῖν <span class="bibl">Thgn.919</span>; <b class="b3">πόνει μετ' εὐκλείας</b> Anon ap.Stob.3.1.173 = <span class="title">JHS</span>27.63 (Cyzicus, iv/iii B.C.); ἄλλως, [[μάτην πονεῖν]], [[μάτην πονέω]], [[labour in vain]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1151</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>501</span>: c.acc., <b class="b3">τὰ μηδὲν ὠφελοῦντα μὴ πόνει μάτην</b> [[do]] not [[labour]] at…, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>44</span>; ἀνήνυτα π. <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">R.</span>531a</span>: rarely of things, τίς… αἶνος ἐπ' ἀνδρὶ θείῳ… πονήσει; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span> 1550</span> (lyr., dub., leg. [[αἶνον]]). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> c. acc. cogn., <b class="b3">πονέω πόνον</b> [[go through]], [[suffer]] [[toil]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pers.</span>682</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>779</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1419</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>1369</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>410b</span>, etc.; περὶ τῶν παθημάτων ὧν νοσέουσί τε καὶ πονέουσι <span class="bibl">Hp. <span class="title">VM</span>2</span>, etc.; ἅμιλλαν ποδοῖν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>212</span> (lyr.); π. πολλά <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Supp.</span>577</span>: with modal words, <b class="b3">πονέω τινί</b> [[suffer in]] or [[suffer by]] a thing, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>7.36</span>; δίψῃ <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Pers.</span>484</span>; ὑπὸ χειμῶνος <span class="bibl">Antipho 2.2.1</span>; τῇ κυήσει <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>570b3</span>; [[εἰρεσίᾳ]] Polyaen.l.c.: c.acc. partis, <b class="b3">πεπόνηκα… τὼ σκέλει</b> my [[leg]]s [[ache]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span>820</span>; <b class="b3">π. τὰς κεφαλάς, τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς, τὰ γόνατα</b>, [[have a pain]] in... <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>557a10</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pr.</span>959b21</span>, <span class="bibl">882b25</span>: with modal dat. added, π. πλευρὰν πικρᾷ γλωχῖνι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>681</span>: abs., [[labour under sickness]], [[suffer]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VM</span>8</span>; [[suffer damage]], ἅπαν ἂν συμπαθὲς ἦν ἑνὸς μορίου πονήσαντος <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span>690b4</span>; also, [[suffer pain]], [[ἀεὶ γὰρ πονεῖ τὸ ζῷον]] = a [[living]] [[being]] is [[always]] [[experience|experiencing]] [[suffering]], Anaxag.ap eund.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">EN</span> 1154b7</span>; of an army, to [[be hard-pressed]], [[suffer]]</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.5.73</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.4.21</span>, etc.; of ships, <span class="bibl">Th.7.38</span>; of implements, arms, etc., to [[be worn out]], [[be spoilt]], or [[be damaged]], <span class="bibl">D.18.194</span>, <span class="bibl">Plb.3.49.11</span>, <span class="title">Inscr.Délos</span>442 <span class="title">B</span>204, al. (ii B.C.); τὰ σπαρτία ἧττον πονέσει Arist.<span class="title">Mech.</span>l.c.; ῥίζαι πεπονηκυῖαι <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>3.7.1</span>; of buildings, to [[be dilapidated]], PEnteux.6.3 (iii B.C.), etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> Pass., impers., <b class="b3">οὐκ ἄλλως αὐτοῖς πεπόνηται</b>, = [[πεπονήκασι]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>232a</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> trans., </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> c.acc. pers., [[afflict]], [[distress]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span> 4.151</span>, cj. in <span class="title">Anacreont.</span>33.14:—Pass., to [[be afflicted]] or [[be worn out]], [[suffer greatly]], πεπονημένος ὀδύναις <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>985</span> (anap.); πόλεως πονουμένης τῷ πολέμῳ <span class="bibl">Th.4.59</span>; τόν τε θνῄσκοντα καὶ τὸν πονούμενον <span class="bibl">Id.2.51</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> Pass., to [[be trained]] or [[be educated]], <b class="b3">δοκεῖ ὁ κατ' ἀλήθειαν πολιτικὸς πεπονῆσθαι περὶ [τὴν ἀρετήν</b>] <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1102a8</span>; πεπονημένην ἔχειν τὴν ἕξιν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1335b8</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Theoc.13.14</span>; <b class="b3">πεπονημένον ὑπό μου</b> though he [[owe]]s his [[training]] to me, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>378.16</span> (iii B.C.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> c. acc. rei, [[gain by toil]] or [[gain by labour]], ([[χρήμα]]τα) <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.6.41</span>:—Pass., to [[be won by toil]] or [[be achieved by toil]], καλὸν εἴ τι ποναθῇ <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>6.11</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">P.</span>9.93</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> Pass., of meats, to [[be dressed]], [[be cooked]], <span class="bibl">Ptol.Euerg.9J.</span>, <span class="bibl">Phld.<span class="title">Mort.</span>24</span>; [[ἄρτος]] [[πεπονημένος]] = [[specially prepared]], <span class="bibl">Sor.1.94</span>.—The rule of <span class="bibl">Choerob. <span class="title">in Theod.</span>2.137</span> H., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">EM</span>130.3</span>, that when [[πονέω]] means [[toil]], the fut. and aor. are [[πονήσω]], [[ἐπόνησα]], when [[suffer pain]], [[πονέσω]], [[ἐπόνεσα]], is not borne out by the examples (v. supr.).—The fut. Med. <b class="b3">καταπονήσομαι</b> is used as trans. by <span class="bibl">D.S.11.15</span>; so aor. Pass. [[πονήθη]] in <span class="title">IG</span>9(1).867.6 (Corc., vii/vi B.C.); and the intr. and trans. senses are united in <span class="title">Anacreont.</span> 33.14 (cj.), 15.</span> | | |Definition=πονέομαι,<br><span class="bld">A</span> in early Greek only Med. [[πονέομαι]], inf. πονέεσθαι Il.10.116: impf. [[ἐπονεῖτο]], Ep. πονεῖτο 9.12: fut. πονήσομαι 23.159, Hp.''Mul.''1.4, later πονέσομαι Luc.''Asin.''9: aor. [[ἐπονησάμην]], Ep. πονήσατο Il.9.348, ([[διαπονέω]]) Pl.''Lg.''966c, X.''Eq.''5.10; [[ἐπονήθην]] [[falsa lectio|f.l.]] in E.''Hel.''1509 (lyr.), ([[διαπονέω]]) Isoc.15.267: pf. [[πεπόνημαι]], Ion.3pl.— πονέαται Hdt.2.63, Ep. πονήαται Arat.82, Att. -ηνται Pl.''Phlb.''58e: plpf. πεπόνητο Il.15.447, Ep.3pl. πονήατο A.R.2.263:<br><span class="bld">I</span> abs., [[work hard]], ὡς ἐπονεῖτο Il.2.409; <b class="b3">ὄφελεν πονέεσθαι λισσόμενος</b> he ought to [[suffer toil]] in [[praying]], 10.117; <b class="b3">ὅπλα... τοῖς ἐπονεῖτο</b> with which he did his [[work]], of Hephaestus, 18.413, cf. Od.16.13; <b class="b3">περὶ δόρπα… πονέοντο</b> were [[busy|busied]] about their [[supper]], Il.24.444, cf. Hdt.2.63, Pl.''Phlb.''58e; so <b class="b3">πεπόνητο καθ' ἵππους</b> was [[busy]] with the [[horse]]s, of a [[charioteer]], Il.15.447; <b class="b3">πονέοντο κατὰ κρατερὴν ὑσμίνην</b> were [[toil]]ing in the [[fight]], 5.84, etc.; hence [[πονεῖσθαι]] alone = [[μάχεσθαι]], 4.374, 13.288; <b class="b3">π. τινός</b> to [[be busy]] with... Arat.82, cf. 758.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[suffer]] from [[illness]], [[be sick]], Th.2.51.<br><span class="bld">II</span> c. acc., [[work hard at]], [[make with pains]] or [[do with pains]] or [[make with care]], τύμβον Il.23.245; ταῦτ' ἐπονεῖτο ἰδυίῃσι πραπίδεσσι 18.380; ὅπλα… πονησάμενοι κατὰ νῆα Od.11.9; πονησάμενος τὰ ἃ ἔργα 9.250, cf. Il.9.348, Hes.''Op.''432 (''[[sc.]]'' [[ἄροτρα]]); πονεύμενος ἕρκος ἀλωῆς Mosch.4.100; πεπονήατο δαῖτα γέροντι A.R.2.263.<br><span class="bld">B</span> after Hom., the act. form [[πονέω]] prevails: fut. πονήσω A.''Pr.'' 344, Pl.''R.''410b, Hp.''Mul.''1.2,5; later πονέσω Arist.''Mech.''856b9, Lyr. Alex.Adesp.37.3, [[LXX]] ''Is.''19.10, al., and in codd. of Hp.''Aph.''4.32: aor. [[ἐπόνησα]], Dor. <b class="b3">ἐπόνᾱσα</b>, E.''Hipp.''1369 (anap.), Pl.''R.''462d, Hp.''Acut.''46, Theoc.15.80; poet. πόνησα Pi.''N.''7.36; later ἐπόνεσα [[LXX]] ''1 Ki.''23.21, al., Ph.''Bel.''58.1, al., Polyaen.3.10.6, etc., and in codd. of Hp.''Coac.'' 489, ''Morb.''1.4,14: pf. πεπόνηκα Ar.''Pax''820, X.''Cyr.''4.5.22, Hp.''Vict.'' 2.66; later πεπόνεκα ''PMich.Zen.''104.3 (iii B.C.): plpf. ἐπεπονήκει Th. 7.38:—Pass., aor. [[ἐπονήθην]] (ἐξ-) Id.6.31; Dor. subj. πονᾱθῇ Pi.''O.''6.11: pf. πεπόνημαι S.''Tr.''985 (anap.), Pl.''Phdr.''232a (v. infr. 1.3):<br><span class="bld">I</span> intr., [[toil]], [[labour]], περὶ λήϊον Hdt.2.14; ἐς ἄκαιρα πονεῖν Thgn.919; <b class="b3">πόνει μετ' εὐκλείας</b> Anon ap.Stob.3.1.173 = ''JHS''27.63 (Cyzicus, iv/iii B.C.); ἄλλως, [[μάτην πονεῖν]], [[μάτην πονέω]], [[labour in vain]], S.''OT''1151, E.''HF''501: c.acc., <b class="b3">τὰ μηδὲν ὠφελοῦντα μὴ πόνει μάτην</b> [[do]] not [[labour]] at…, A.''Pr.''44; ἀνήνυτα π. Pl. ''R.''531a: rarely of things, τίς… αἶνος ἐπ' ἀνδρὶ θείῳ… πονήσει; A.''Ag.'' 1550 (lyr., dub., leg. [[αἶνον]]).<br><span class="bld">2</span> c. acc. cogn., <b class="b3">πονέω πόνον</b> [[go through]], [[suffer]] [[toil]], Id.''Pers.''682, E.''Hec.''779, cf. S.''Ph.''1419, E.''Hipp.''1369 (anap.), Pl.''R.''410b, etc.; περὶ τῶν παθημάτων ὧν νοσέουσί τε καὶ πονέουσι Hp. ''VM''2, etc.; ἅμιλλαν ποδοῖν E.''IA''212 (lyr.); π. πολλά Id.''Supp.''577: with modal words, <b class="b3">πονέω τινί</b> [[suffer in]] or [[suffer by]] a thing, Pi.''N.''7.36; δίψῃ A. ''Pers.''484; ὑπὸ χειμῶνος Antipho 2.2.1; τῇ κυήσει Arist.''HA''570b3; [[εἰρεσίᾳ]] Polyaen.l.c.: c.acc. partis, <b class="b3">πεπόνηκα… τὼ σκέλει</b> my [[leg]]s [[ache]], Ar.''Pax''820; <b class="b3">π. τὰς κεφαλάς, τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς, τὰ γόνατα</b>, [[have a pain]] in... Arist.''HA''557a10, ''Pr.''959b21, 882b25: with modal dat. added, π. πλευρὰν πικρᾷ γλωχῖνι S.''Tr.''681: abs., [[labour under sickness]], [[suffer]], Hp.''VM''8; [[suffer damage]], ἅπαν ἂν συμπαθὲς ἦν ἑνὸς μορίου πονήσαντος Arist.''PA''690b4; also, [[suffer pain]], [[ἀεὶ γὰρ πονεῖ τὸ ζῷον]] = a [[living]] [[being]] is [[always]] [[experience|experiencing]] [[suffering]], Anaxag.ap eund.''EN'' 1154b7; of an army, to [[be hard-pressed]], [[suffer]], Th.5.73, X.''Cyr.''1.4.21, etc.; of ships, Th.7.38; of implements, arms, etc., to [[be worn out]], [[be spoilt]], or [[be damaged]], D.18.194, Plb.3.49.11, ''Inscr.Délos''442 ''B''204, al. (ii B.C.); τὰ σπαρτία ἧττον πονέσει Arist.''Mech.''l.c.; ῥίζαι πεπονηκυῖαι Thphr.''HP''3.7.1; of buildings, to [[be dilapidated]], PEnteux.6.3 (iii B.C.), etc.<br><span class="bld">3</span> Pass., impers., <b class="b3">οὐκ ἄλλως αὐτοῖς πεπόνηται</b>, = [[πεπονήκασι]], Pl.''Phdr.''232a.<br><span class="bld">II</span> trans.,<br><span class="bld">1</span> c.acc. pers., [[afflict]], [[distress]], Pi.''P.'' 4.151, cj. in ''Anacreont.''33.14:—Pass., to [[be afflicted]] or [[be worn out]], [[suffer greatly]], πεπονημένος ὀδύναις S.''Tr.''985 (anap.); πόλεως πονουμένης τῷ πολέμῳ Th.4.59; τόν τε θνῄσκοντα καὶ τὸν πονούμενον Id.2.51.<br><span class="bld">b</span> Pass., to [[be trained]] or [[be educated]], <b class="b3">δοκεῖ ὁ κατ' ἀλήθειαν πολιτικὸς πεπονῆσθαι περὶ [τὴν ἀρετήν</b>] Arist.''EN''1102a8; πεπονημένην ἔχειν τὴν ἕξιν Id.''Pol.''1335b8, cf. Theoc.13.14; <b class="b3">πεπονημένον ὑπό μου</b> though he [[owe]]s his [[training]] to me, ''PCair.Zen.''378.16 (iii B.C.).<br><span class="bld">2</span> c. acc. rei, [[gain by toil]] or [[gain by labour]], ([[χρήμα]]τα) X.''An.''7.6.41:—Pass., to [[be won by toil]] or [[be achieved by toil]], καλὸν εἴ τι ποναθῇ Pi.''O.''6.11, cf. ''P.''9.93.<br><span class="bld">b</span> Pass., of meats, to [[be dressed]], [[be cooked]], Ptol.Euerg.9J., Phld.''Mort.''24; [[ἄρτος]] [[πεπονημένος]] = [[specially prepared]], Sor.1.94.—The rule of Choerob. ''in Theod.''2.137 H., ''EM''130.3, that when [[πονέω]] means [[toil]], the fut. and aor. are [[πονήσω]], [[ἐπόνησα]], when [[suffer pain]], [[πονέσω]], [[ἐπόνεσα]], is not borne out by the examples (v. supr.).—The fut. Med. <b class="b3">καταπονήσομαι</b> is used as trans. by D.S.11.15; so aor. Pass. [[πονήθη]] in ''IG''9(1).867.6 (Corc., vii/vi B.C.); and the intr. and trans. senses are united in ''Anacreont.'' 33.14 (cj.), 15. |
