πνεῦμα: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ατος, τό, ([[πνέω]]) <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[blast]], [[wind]], first in <span class="bibl">Anaximen.2</span>, <b class="b3">ὅλον τὸν κόσμον πνεῦμα καὶ ἀὴρ περιέχει</b>: freq. in Trag., etc., ἀνέμων πνεύματα πάντων <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>1086</span> (anap.), cf. <span class="bibl">1047</span> (anap.); θαλάσσας… πνεύματι λάβρῳ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pers.</span>110</span>(lyr.); πνευμάτων ἐπομβρίᾳ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>300.3</span>; τέως δὲ κούφοις πνεύμασιν βόσκου <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>558</span>; πνεύμασιν θαλασσίοις ἐξωσθέντες <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span> 278</span> (but [[πνοή]] is commoner in Poets; Hom. uses [[πνοιή]]); πνεύματα ἀνέμων <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.16</span>.ά; τὸ πνεῦμα κατῄει <span class="bibl">Th.2.84</span>; <b class="b3">κατὰ πρύμναν ἵσταται τὸ π</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">97</span>; τὸ πνεῦμα λεῖον καὶ καθεστηκὸς λαβεῖν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>1003</span>; τὸ πνεῦμα ἔλαττον γίγνεται <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Eq.</span>441</span>; εἰ φορὸν πνεῦμα εἴη <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>6.2.27</span>; <b class="b3">κατὰ πνεῦμα στῆναι τοῦ ἄρρενος</b> to [[leeward]] of him, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>560b14</span>; but <b class="b3">κατὰ πνεῦμα προσιόντες</b> down [[wind]], ib.<span class="bibl">535a19</span>; <b class="b3">πνεύματος ἀνείλησις, ἐκπύρωσις</b>, <span class="bibl">Epicur. <span class="title">Ep.</span>2pp.44,45</span> U.; as an element, [[air]], <span class="bibl">Corp.Herm.1.9</span>, <span class="bibl">16</span>; τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ περὶ τὴν ψυχήν <span class="bibl">Plot.2.2.2</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Porph.<span class="title">Sent.</span>29</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> metaph., <b class="b3">θαλερωτέρῳ π</b>. with more genial [[breeze]] or [[influence]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>708</span>(lyr.); λύσσης πνεῦμα μάργῳ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pr.</span>884</span>(anap.); <b class="b3">αἰδοίῳ πνεῦμα χώρας</b> with [[air]] or [[spirit]] of respect on the part of the country, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Supp.</span>29</span>(anap.); <b class="b3">πνεῦμα ταὐτὸν οὔποτ'… ἐν ἀνδράσιν φίλοις βέβηκεν</b> the [[wind]] is constantly changing even among friends, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>612</span>; πνεῦμα συμφορᾶς <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>1317</span>; ὅταν θεοῦ σοι πνεῦμα μεταβαλὸν τύχῃ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HF</span>216</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[breathed air]], [[breath]], σάλπιγξ βροτείου πνεύματος πληρουμένη <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>568</span>; <b class="b3">αὐλῶν, λωτοῦ π</b>., <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>128</span>(lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>787</span> (lyr., pl.); <b class="b3">πνεῦμα ἀπέρρηξεν βίου</b> the [[breath]] of [[life]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>507</span>; πνεῦμα ἀπώλεσεν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Th.</span>984</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">πνεῦμα ἄθροισον</b> collect [[breath]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>851</span>; <b class="b3">πνεῦμα ἀφεῖναι, ἀνεῖναι, μεθεῖναι</b>, to give up [[the ghost]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hec.</span>571</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Or.</span>277</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tr.</span>785</span> (anap.); πνεῦμα δειμαίνων λιπεῖν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Supp.</span>554</span>; πνεῦμα… δυσῶδες ἠφίει <span class="bibl">Th.2.49</span>; <b class="b3">πνεύματος διαρροαί</b> the wind-pipe, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>567</span>; τὰς τοῦ π. διεξόδους ἀποφράττον <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>91c</span> (v. [[πνεύμων]]); πνεύματος ῥώμη Plu.2.804b: [[proverb|prov.]], [[ἄνθρωπός ἐστι πνεῦμα καὶ σκιὰ μόνον]] = [[human being is only a breath and a shadow]] <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>13</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[breathing]], [[respiration]], freq. in Hp., <b class="b3">πνεῦμα πυκνόν, πνεῦμα ἀραιόν, πνεῦμα ἐκτεῖνον, πνεῦμα κατεπεῖγον</b>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Epid.</span>2.3.7</span>; πνεῦμα πυκνότερον <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Acut.</span>16</span>; <b class="b3">πνεῦμα προσκόπτον</b> checked, difficult [[breathing]], [[Aph]].<span class="bibl">4.68</span>; <b class="b3">πνεῦμα ἄσημον</b> indistinct, feeble [[breathing]], Epid.<span class="bibl">6.7.8</span>; πνεῦμα βηχῶδες <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Coac.</span>622</span>; <b class="b3">πνεῦμα μετέωρον</b> [[shallow]] [[breathing]], [[Epid]].<span class="bibl">2.3.1</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ πνεῦμα ἔχειν ἄνω</b> to be out of [[breath]], <span class="bibl">Men.23</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Sosicr.1</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ πνεῦμα ἀνήνεγκαν</b> recovered their [[breath]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Prorrh.</span>2.12</span> (so without τὸ πνεῦμα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Aph.</span>2.43</span>); but <b class="b3">ἀναφέρουσιν… κλαίοντά τε καὶ ἐς τὰς ῥῖνας ἀνέλκοντα τὸ π</b>. they [[sob]]…, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hebd.</span>51</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> pl., of the air imagined as filling the veins, <b class="b3">πνευμάτων ἀπολήψιες ἀνὰ φλέβας</b> Id.Acut.(Sp.)<span class="bibl">7</span>,al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[flatulence]], in plural, <span class="bibl">Eub.107.9</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pr.</span> 948b25</span>, Dsc.2.112, <span class="bibl">D.L.6.94</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[breath of life]], πνεῦμα ζωῆς <span class="bibl">[[LXX]] <span class="title">Ge.</span>6.17</span>, <span class="bibl">7.15</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Per.</span>13</span>,etc.; <b class="b3">πνεῦμα ἔχειν</b> retain [[life]], <span class="bibl">Plb.31.10.4</span>; [[living being]], ἐγὼ Νίνος πάλαι ποτ' ἐγενόμην πνεῦμα <span class="bibl">Phoen.1.16</span>; <b class="b3">οὐ πνεῦμα πάντα βρότεια σοὶ</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[Πλούτωνι]]) νέμεται; <span class="title">IG</span>14.769 (Naples). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> that which is [[breathe]]d [[forth]] or [[exhale]]d, [[odour]], ὦ θεῖον ὀδμῆς πνεῦμα <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>1391</span>; <b class="b3">πνεῦμα βαρὺ ἀφιεῖσα</b>, of a tree, Plu.2.647b. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> Gramm., [[breathing]] with which a [[vowel]] is [[pronounce]]d, ib. 1009e (pl.), <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Adv.</span>147.18</span>; <b class="b3">πνεῦμα δασύ, πνεῦμα ψιλόν</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pron.</span> 78.6</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Adv.</span>148.9</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> [[divine]] [[inspiration]], ἄγρια… πνεύματα θευφορίης <span class="title">AP</span>6.220.4 (Diosc.); εἰ μή τι θεῖον… ἐνῆν πνεῦμα τῇ ψυχῇ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ax.</span>370c</span>; τὸ ἱερὸν καὶ δαιμόνιον ἐν μούσαις πνεῦμα Plu.2.605a; καθαρὸν δίκαιον… πνεῦμα θεοῦ σωτῆρος <span class="title">BMus.Inscr.</span>1062(Cyrene, ii A. D.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> the [[spirit]] of God, πνεῦμα θεοῦ <span class="bibl">[[LXX]] <span class="title">Ge.</span>1.2</span>, etc.: freq. in [[NT]], τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Marc.</span>3.29</span>,al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[spirit]] of [[man]], εἴτ' ἐστὶ τοῦτο πνεῦμα θεῖον εἴτε νοῦς <span class="bibl">Men.482.3</span>: in [[NT]], opp. [[ψυχή]], <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Thess.</span>5.23</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>8.2</span>; <b class="b3">τῷ π</b>., opp. <b class="b3">τῷ σώματι</b>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Cor.</span>5.3</span>; also, opp. [[γράμμα]], <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>2.29</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span> [[spiritual]] or [[immaterial]] [[being]], [[angel]], Ep.Hebr.1.14, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Apoc.</span>1.4</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ ἄχραντα πνεῦματα, τὰ</b> <b class="b3">κακὰ πνεῦματα</b>, <span class="bibl">Iamb.<span class="title">Myst.</span>3.31</span>; <b class="b3">πνεῦμα πονηρόν, ψευδές</b>, <span class="bibl">[[LXX]] <span class="title">Jd.</span>9.23</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">3 Ki.</span>22.21</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>19.12</span>, <span class="bibl">15</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Apoc.</span>16.14</span>, Porph. ap. <span class="bibl">Eus.<span class="title">PE</span>4.23</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἀλάλου καὶ κακοῦ πνεῦματος οὖσα πλήρης</b> (''[[sc.]]'' <b class="b3">ἡ Πυθία</b>) Plu.2.438b. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">VI</span> Rhet., [[sentence]] [[declaim]]ed in one [[breath]], <span class="bibl">Hermog.<span class="title">Inv.</span>3.10</span>,<span class="bibl">4.4</span>,al.</span>

|esmgtx=τό I [[aire]] como medio en que habita la divinidad ἐπικαλοῦμαι σε, τὸν ἐν τῷ κενῷ πνεύματι δεινὸν καὶ ἀόρατον θεόν <b class="b3">te invoco a ti, el dios terrible e invisible que habitas el aire vacío</b> P V 122 P VII 961 P XII 368 P XII 455 P XIV 16 SM 2 3 II 1 [[aliento]], [[espíritu]] de la divinidad καὶ εὐθέως εἰσέρχεται τὸ θεῖον π. <b class="b3">y al punto se acercará el divino espíritu</b> P I 284 P I 313 δεῦρό μοι ... θεῶν θεέ, κοίρανε παντὸς, διαστήσας τὸν κόσμον τῷ σεαυτοῦ πνεύματι θείῳ <b class="b3">ven junto a mí, dios de dioses, señor de todo, que has dividido el cosmos con tu espíritu divino</b> P III 550 δεῦρό μοι ... θεῶν θεέ, κοίρανε παντὸς, διαστήσας τὸν κόσμον τῷ σεαυτοῦ πνεύματι θείῳ <b class="b3">ven junto a mí, dios de dioses, señor de todo, que has dividido el cosmos con tu espíritu divino</b> P III 552 ἐπάκουσόν μου, ἄκουσόν μου, ... ὁ συνδήσας πνεύματι τὰ πύρινα κλῆθρα τοῦ τετραλιζώματος <b class="b3">escúchame, escúchame a mí, tú que con tu espíritu has atado juntas las ígneas cerraduras del conjunto de los cuatro elementos</b> P IV 589 ἕλκε ἀπὸ τῶν ἀκτίνων πνεῦμα γʹ ἀνασπῶν <b class="b3">extrae aliento de sus rayos aspirando tres veces</b> P IV 538 ἕλκε ἀπὸ τοῦ θείου ἀτενίζων εἰς σεαυτὸν τὸ π. <b class="b3">atrae hacia ti el espíritu de la divinidad mirando fijamente</b> P IV 629 εἴσελθε ἐν τῷ πυρὶ τούτῳ καὶ ἐμπνευμάτωσον αὐτὸν θείου πνεύματος <b class="b3">entra en este fuego y llénalo de espíritu divino</b> P IV 966 como advoc. δεῦρό μοι, πυριλαμπὲς π. <b class="b3">ven junto a mí, espíritu que resplandece por el fuego</b> P VII 965 2 [[espíritu]], [[demon]], [[entidad superior indefinida]] ὦ φίλε ἀερίων πνευμάτων χωρουμένων <b class="b3">amigo de los espíritus aéreos que circulan</b> P I 50 πνεῦμα ἔστιν ἀέριον, ὅ εἶδες <b class="b3">es un espíritu aéreo al que viste</b> P I 97 διατέλει ἀψευδῶς, κύριε, ὕπαρ πάσης πράξεως πρὸς ἐπιταγὴν ἁγίου πνεύματος <b class="b3">cumple sin engaño, señor, la visión de cada práctica, de acuerdo con el mandato del sagrado espíritu</b> P III 289 καὶ πνεύσῃ ἐν ἐμοὶ τὸ ἱερὸν π. <b class="b3">y sople en mí el sagrado espíritu</b> P IV 510 εὐχαριστῶ σοι, κύριε, ὅτι με ἔλυσεν τὸ ἅγιον π. <b class="b3">te doy gracias, señor, porque me ha liberado el sagrado espíritu</b> P XII 174 χαῖρε, τὸ πᾶν σύστημα τοῦ ἀερίου πνεύματος <b class="b3">te saludo, unión total del espíritu aéreo</b> P IV 1116 P IV 1117 P IV 1124 χαίρετε, τὰ πάντα ἀερίων εἰδώλων πνεύματα <b class="b3">os saludo, espíritus todos de las aéreas formas</b> P IV 1134 ὑποταγήσεταί σοι πᾶν π. καὶ δαιμόνιον <b class="b3">se te someterá todo espíritu y demon</b> P IV 3080 P XXI 23 ὁρκίζω σε, πᾶν π. δαιμόνιον, λαλῆσαι, ὀποῖον καὶ ἂν ᾖς <b class="b3">te conjuro a ti, a todo espíritu demoníaco, a que digas de qué clase eres</b> P IV 3038 P IV 3065 P IV 3075 ἧκέ μοι, τὸ π. τὸ ἀεροπετές, καλούμενον συμβόλοις καὶ ὀνόμασιν ἀφθέ<γ>κτοις <b class="b3">ven a mí, espíritu que vuela por el aire, llamado con símbolos y nombres inefables</b> P VII 559 ὁρκίζω σε, π. ἐν ἀέρι φοιτώμενον <b class="b3">te conjuro a ti, espíritu que habitas en el aire</b> P XIII 278 ἔξαφες τὰ πνεύματα τῶν δαιμόνων ... ἵνα καταδήσωσι Νῖλον <b class="b3">envía los espíritus de los démones, para que aten a Nilo</b> P XV 16 con valor maléfico διαφύλαξον τὸν οἶκον τοῦτον ... ἀπὸ βασκοσύνης πάσης ἀερίνων πνευμάτων <b class="b3">guarda esta casa de todo hechizo de espíritus aéreos</b> C 3 5 3 [[espíritu]], [[alma]] de una persona viva εἰς γὰρ Ἅιδην οὐ χωρήσει ἀέριον π. <b class="b3">pues no irá al Hades un espíritu aéreo</b> P I 178 ἀέριον π. συσταθὲν κραταιῷ παρέδρῳ <b class="b3">un espíritu aéreo unido a un poderoso asesor</b> P I 180 ὥστε ἀπὸ τῆς τοῦ θεάματος ἡδονῆς καὶ τῆς χαρᾶς τὸ πνεῦμά σου συντρέχειν καὶ ἀναβαίνειν <b class="b3">de modo que por el placer de la contemplación y por el gozo tu espíritu correrá de igual modo y se elevará</b> P IV 627 de un muerto δέσποτα Ἥλιε, ἐπάκουσόν μου τοῦ δεῖνα καὶ δός μοι τὴν κατεξουσίαν τούτου τοῦ βιοθανάτου πνεύματος <b class="b3">soberano Helios, escúchame a mí, fulano, y concédeme el poder sobre el espíritu de éste que ha muerto violentamente</b> P IV 1951 P XIXa 49 de un animal ὅτι ἐπικαλοῦμαί σε, ἱερὸν πνεῦμα <b class="b3">porque te invoco, sagrado espíritu</b> P III 8 ἀποπνίξεις ἅμα προσφέρων τῷ Ἔρωτι, μέχρις οὗ ἕκαστον τῶν ζῴων ἀποπνιγῇ καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα αὐτῶν εἰς αὐτὸν ἔλθῃ <b class="b3">los estrangularás acercándolos al Eros, hasta que estrangules a cada uno de ellos y su espíritu marche hacia él</b> P XII 33 θῦε δὲ λ<ε>υκὸν ἀλέκτορα ... ἵνα οὗ ἐὰν βούληται εἰσελθὼν ὁ θεὸς π. λάβῃ <b class="b3">ofrece en sacrificio un gallo blanco, para que, si quiere, el dios pueda tomar su espíritu cuando venga</b> P XIII 371 P XIII 378 III en pap. crist. 1 [[Espíritu]] ref. al Espíritu Santo δόξα τῷ πατρὶ καὶ τῷ υἱῷ καὶ τῷ ἁγίῳ πνεύματι <b class="b3">gloria al Padre, al Hijo y al Espíritu Santo</b> C 5d 2 SM 21 2 τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ ἁγίου πνεύματος καὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ <b class="b3">en el nombre del Padre, del Espíritu Santo y del Hijo</b> C 7 21 C 12 1 C 16 21 διὰ τὴν δύναμιν τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος <b class="b3">por el poder del Padre, del Hijo y del Espíritu Santo</b> C 15a 21 C 15b 6 2 [[espíritu maléfico]], [[demonio]] ὁρκίζω ὑμᾶς, ἀκάθαρτα πνεύματα, τὸν κύριον κακοῦντα <b class="b3">os conjuro a vosotros, espíritus impuros, que dañáis al Señor</b> C 10 21 C 36 αἱ ἀρχαὶ καὶ ἐξουσίαι καὶ κοσμοκράτορες τοῦ σκότους, ἢ καὶ ἀκάθαρτον π. ἢ πτῶσις δαίμονος ... μὴ ἰσχύσωσι κατὰ τῆς εἰκόνος <b class="b3">que los Principados y Potencias y los señores de las tinieblas, ya sea un espíritu impuro o aparición de un demonio, no tengan fuerza contra su imagen</b> C 13 15 ἐξορκισμὸ<ς> Σαλομῶνος πρὸς πᾶν ἀκάθαρτον πν(εῦμ)α <b class="b3">exorcismo de Salomón contra todo espíritu impuro</b> C 17 11 ὑπόταξόν μοι πᾶν πν(εῦμ)α δαιμονίων φθειροποιούντων ἀκαθάρτων <b class="b3">somete a mí todo espíritu de demonios destructivos e impuros</b> C 13a 4