θνῄσκω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(with ι ''IG''2.2477.7, 10,2494, Ἀρχ.Ἐφ.1910.73;<br><span class="bld">A</span> θνείσκ- ''IG'' 2.4040b; [ἀποθν]ήισκειν Pl.''Phdr.'' in ''PPetr.''1p.18 (iii B.C.), but [[θνήσκω]] Did. ap. ''EM''452.29, freq. in codd.), Aeol. [[θναίσκω]] Hdn.Gr.2.79, Dor. [[θνᾴσκω]] ''Sammelb.''6754.22 (iii B.C.): fut. θᾰνοῦμαι Simon.85.9, S.''Ant.'' 462, etc.; Ep. inf. -έεσθαι Il.4.12; later θνήξομαι ''AP''9.354 (Leon.), Polyaen.5.2.22 codd.: aor. 2 ἔθᾰνον, Ep. [[θάνον]] Od.11.412, al.; inf. Ep. and Ion. [[θανέειν]], as always in Hom., exc. Il.7.52, θανέμεν Pi.''P.''4.72: pf. τέθνηκα Il.18.12, etc.; subj. τεθνήκω Th.8.74: plpf. ἐτεθνήκειν Antipho 5.70, Lys.19.48; 3pl. -ήκεσαν And.1.52: short forms of pf., 3dual τέθνᾰτον X.''An.''4.1.19, 1pl. τέθνᾰμεν Pl.''Grg.''493a, 3pl. τεθνᾶσι Il.22.52, etc.; 3pl. plpf. ἐτέθνᾰσαν Antipho 5.70, And.1.59, X.''HG''6.4.16; imper. τέθνᾰθι Il.22.365, τεθνάτω 15.496, ''IG''12.10, Pl. ''Lg.''933e, etc.; opt. τεθναίην Il.18.98, etc.; inf. [[τεθνάναι]] [ᾰ] Semon. 3, Hdt.1.31, Ar.''Ra.''1012, Pl.Com.68, Th.8.92, etc., [[τεθνᾶναι]] dub.l. in Mimn.2.10, A.''Ag.''539; Ep. [[τεθνάμεναι]], -άμεν, Il.24.225, 15.497, etc.; Aeol. τεθνάκην Sapph.2.15; part. τεθνεώς Hdt.9.120, Ar.''Av.'' 476, etc., fem. τεθνεῶσα Lys.31.22, D.40.27 (τεθνηκυῖα Hippon.29, E. ''Or.''109), neut. τεθνεός Hdt.1.112, Hp.''Nat.Mul.''32 (τεθνηκός Pl.''Phd.'' 71d, pl. τεθνεῶτα 72c); gen. [[τεθνεῶτος]], etc., Hdt.5.68, etc. (once in Hom., dat. τεθνεῶτι Od.19.331); poet. [[τεθνεότος]] Archel. ap. Antig. ''Mir.''89, Q.S.7.65; Dor. τεθνᾰότα Pi.''N.''10.74; Ep. [[τεθνηώς]] ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[τεθνειώς]]) Il.17.161, -ηυῖα Od.4.734, (κατα-) 11.141; gen. τεθνηῶτος Il.9.633, etc.; also τεθνηότος 17.435, Od.15.23, al. [[τεθνεῶτι]] is trisyll. Od.19.331, τεθνεώτων E.''Supp.''272 (hex.): disyll. forms are written in later Gr., nom. τεθνώς ''BCH''18.438 (Argilus); gen. sg. τεθνῶτος ''SIG''799.13 (Cyzicus, i A.D.); dat. sg. τεθνῶτι ''Papers of the American School'' 3.334 (Pisid.); fem. [[τεθνώσῃ]] (and gen. pl. [[τεθνήτων]]) ''Ath.Mitt.'' 50.134 (Macedonia); acc. pl. fem. τεθνώσας Babr.45.9]: from [[τέθνηκα]] arose fut. τεθνήξω Ar.''Ach.''325, A.''Ag.''1279 (censured as archaic by Luc.''Sol.''7), later τεθνήξομαι Diogenian.Epicur.1.28, 3.52, Luc.''Pisc.'' 10, Ael.''NA''2.46; part. τεθνηξόμενος Lib.''Ep.''438.7.—The simple Verb is regularly used in early Prose in pf. and plpf.; for pres., fut., and aor. the compd. [[ἀποθνῄσκω]] is substituted: [[θνῄσκει]] [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in Hp. ''Mul.''1.9, σάρκες θνῄσκουσι ''Art.''69, ἔθνῃσκον Th.2.47, al., [[θνῃσκόντων]] ib.53, θνῄσκοι Pl.''Phd.''72d, θνῄσκομεν Epicur.''Ep.''1p.20U.: aor. part. [[θανών]], subj. [[θάνῃ]], ''IG''12(5).593.2,20,23 (Iulis, v B.C.), ''Berl.Sitzb.'' 1927.166 (Cyrene), Phld.''Herc.''1649.4: aor. inf. [[θανεῖν]] ib.1418.13:—in pres. and impf., [[die]], as well of natural as of [[violent]] [[death]]; in aor. and pf., to [[be dead]] (cf. τί τοὺς θανὅντας οὐκ ἐᾷς τεθνηκέναι; Eup.12.3 D.; τέθνηκ' ἔγωγε πρὶν θανεῖν κακῶν ὕπο E.''Hec.''431), [[θανεῖν]] καὶ [[πότμος|πότμον]] [[ἐπισπεῖν]] Il.7.52, etc.; [[ζωὸς ἠὲ θανών]] = [[alive]] or [[dead]], Od.4.553, cf. 15.350; ἦ ἤδη τέθνηκε 4.834; ὡς ἄμεινον εἴη [[τεθνάναι]] μᾶλλον ἢ ζώειν Hdt.1.31, cf. 7.46; τεθνάναι [[κρεῖττον]] ἤ… D.9.65, cf. 10.25; ἄξιος τεθνάναι Ar.''Ra.'' 1012, etc.; [[τεθνάτω]] = [[let him be put to death]], IG12.10.29; [[ἄτιμος]] τεθνάτω Lex ap.D.9.44: freq. in part., νέκυος πέρι τεθνηῶτος Il.18.173; νεκρὸν… [[τεθνηῶτα]] a [[dead]] [[corpse]], Od.12.10; [[οἱ τεθνηκότες]], [[οἱ θανόντες]] = [[the dead]], E.''Hec.''278, Eup. [[l.c.]], etc.; οὔτε τεθνεῶτα οὔτε ζῶντα Hdt.4.14; οἴχεται [[θανών]] (v. [[οἴχομαι]]); θανὼν [[φροῦδος]] (v. [[φροῦδος]]); θανόντι [[συνθανεῖν]] S.''Tr.''798,''Fr.''953, cf. E.''Supp.''1007(lyr.); [[ὁ θανών]], opp. [[ὁ κτανών]], S. ''Ph.''336: pres. with pf. sense, θνῄσκουσι [[γάρ]], for [[τεθνήκασι]], Id.''OT'' 118, cf. E.''Hec.''695 (lyr.),''Ba.''1041 (lyr.), etc.<br><span class="bld">2</span> used like a pass. Verb, χερσὶν ὑπ' Αἴαντος [[θανέειν]] = to [[fall]] by his [[hand]], Il.15.289; θ. ὑπό τινος Pl.''Ep.''329c, Arist.''HA''625a16; ἔκ τινος Pi.''P.''4.72, S.''OT''1454; πρός τινος ib.292, E.''Hec.''773; θεοῖς τέθνηκε S.''Aj.''970: freq. c. dat. instrumenti, θ. [[χερί]], [[δορί]], Id.''OC''1388, A.''Th.''959(lyr.); φαρμάκοισι E. ''Fk.''464; also ἐν βρόχῳ A.''Ch.''558; [[τεθνάναι τῷ δέει]], [[τεθνάναι τῷ φόβῳ]], c. acc., to [[be in mortal fear of]], D.4.45, 19.81, cf. Arr.''An.''7.9.4; [[προοίμιον]] σκοτεινὸν καὶ τεθνηκὸς δειλίᾳ Aeschin.2.34; θ. ἐπί τινι = to [[die]] [[leaving]] one as [[heir]], Luc.''DMort.''7.1.<br><span class="bld">II</span> metaph., of things, [[perish]], θνᾴσκει σιγαθὲν καλὸν [[ἔργον]] Pi.''Fr.''121; ἐσλῶν ὑπὸ χαρμάτων πῆμα θνᾴσκει… δαμασθέν Id.''O.''2.19; λόγοι θνῄσκοντες [[μάτην]] A.''Ch.''846; θ. [[πίστις]] S. ''OC''611; τὸ [[τρύβλιον]] τέθνηκέ μοι Ar.''Ra.''986 (lyr.): in Prose, τέθνηκε τὸ τοὺς [[ἀδικέω|ἀδικοῦντας]] [[μισεῖν]] D.19.289; τεθνηκός τι φθέγξασθαι D.C.40.54; τεθνηκὸς [[ὁρᾶν]] Callistr.''Stat.''14; τὸ τεθνηκὸς ὁ [[λίθος]] ὑπεδύετο ib.2.