μένω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Ep. inf. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> μενέμεν <span class="bibl">Il.5.486</span>; Arc. pres. part. μίνονσαι <span class="title">Schwyzer</span> 657.49 (Tegea, iv B.C.); Ep., Ion. impf. μένεσκον <span class="bibl">Il.19.42</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.42</span>: Ep., Ion. fut. μενέω <span class="bibl">Il.19.308</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.119</span>; Att. μενῶ <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>564</span>, etc.: aor. ἔμεινα <span class="bibl">Il.15.656</span>, etc.: pf. μεμένηκα <span class="bibl">D.18.321</span>; cf. μίμνω:—[[stay]], [[wait]]: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> [[stand fast]], in battle, οὐδ' ἴφθιμοι Λύκιοι μένον, ἀλλὰ φόβηθεν <span class="bibl">Il.16.659</span>; μενέω καὶ τλήσομαι <span class="bibl">11.317</span>; <b class="b3">φεύγειν μηδὲ μένειν</b> Orac. ap.<span class="bibl">Hdt.1.55</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.3.45</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>295</span>; ἐμπέδως μ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>854</span>; ἀραρότως <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Supp.</span>945</span>; <b class="b3">μ. κατὰ χώραν</b>, of soldiers, <span class="bibl">Th.4.26</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[stay at home]], [[stay where one is]], <span class="bibl">Il.16.838</span>; ἔντοσθε μένοντες <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span> 598</span>; μ. αὐτοῦ <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.62</span>; οἴκοι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>317</span>; εἴσω δόμων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Th.</span>232</span>; κατ' οἶκον <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>656</span>; ἐν δόμοις <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>3.43</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>80</span>; ἔνδον <span class="bibl">Amphis 1.3</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> [[lodge]], [[stay]], παρὰ ματρί <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.186</span>; πρὸς τοὺς γονέας <span class="bibl">Hp. <span class="title">Ep.</span>13</span>; ἐκεῖ <span class="bibl">Plb.30.4.10</span> codd. (fort. [[οἴκοι]]), cf. <span class="bibl">Alciphr.3.5</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">μ. ἀπὸ ἧς ἀλόχοιο</b> [[stay away]], [[be absent]] from... <span class="bibl">Il.2.292</span>; ἀπὸ πτολέμοιο <span class="bibl">18.64</span>: and so abs., to [[be a shirker]], ἴση μοῖρα μένοντι καὶ εἰ μάλα τις πολεμίζοι <span class="bibl">9.318</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">d</span> <b class="b3">οἱ μένοντες</b>, opp. <b class="b3">οἱ φεύγοντες</b> (exiles), <span class="title">IG</span>12.10.27. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[stay]], [[tarry]], ἐς ἠέλιον καταδύντα <span class="bibl">Od.17.570</span>; μενέουσι, εἰς ὅ κέ περ Τροίην διαπέρσομεν <span class="bibl">Il.9.45</span>; [[loiter]], [[be idle]], <span class="bibl">11.666</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span> 796</span>; οἱ μένοντες <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>4.4.19</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> of things, to [[be lasting]], [[remain]], [[stand]], στήλη μένει ἔμπεδον <span class="bibl">Il.17.434</span>; ἀσφαλὲς αἰὲν… μένει οὐρανός <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>6.4</span>; τάδ' αἰανῶς μένοι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>672</span>; αἰῶνα δ' ἐς τρίτον μένει <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Th.</span>744</span> (lyr.); opp. [[φέρεσθαι]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>261d</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ μηδὲν μένει</b> if nothing [[is fixed]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cra.</span>440a</span>; τὴν μεμενηκυῖαν κρίσιν <span class="bibl">Phld.<span class="title">Sto.</span>339.15</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ μένοντες</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[ἀστέρες]]) [[having no proper motion]], opp. <b class="b3">οἱ πλάνητες</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Cael.</span>290a21</span>; μένων κύκλος <span class="bibl">Autol.12</span>, al., Ptol.<span class="title">Hyp.</span>1.3; [[μένουσιν]] [[ἀριστοκρατίαι]] [[are stable]], [[permanent]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1308a3</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">μ. παρά τινι</b> [[remain]] in one's possession, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">CPR</span>18.37</span> (ii A.D.), etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> of condition, [[remain as one was]], of a maiden, <span class="bibl">Il.19.263</span>; <b class="b3">τῶν βεβαίως μοι φίλων μενόντων</b> Ps.-Philipp. ap. <span class="bibl">D.12.11</span>; τὸ νόμισμα βούλεται μένειν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1133b14</span>: generally, [[stand]], [[hold good]], ἢν μείνωσιν ὅρκοι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>1000</span>; μένειν τὸ ὅρκιον κατὰ χώρην <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.201</span>; εἰ τὰ πρότερον μένει ἡμῖν ὁμολογήματα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>480b</span>; <b class="b3">μ. τὰ βουλήματα καὶ οὐ μεταρρεῖ</b> <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1167b7</span>; of circumstances, οὐ μενεῖν κατὰ χώραν τὰ πράγματα <span class="bibl">Th.4.76</span>; <b class="b3">οὐδαμὰ ἐν τὠυτῷ μ</b>., of prosperity, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.5</span>; μένειν ἐμπέδοις φρονήμασι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>169</span>; <b class="b3">μ. ἐπὶ τούτων [ἃ κατέστραπται</b>] [[remain contented]] with... <span class="bibl">D.4.9</span>; μ. ἐπὶ τούτοις <span class="bibl">Isoc.8.7</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ τούτῳ τῷ βίῳ μ</b>. [[be content with]]... <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>466c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">496b</span>; μ. ἐλεύθερον <span class="bibl">Men. 145</span>; of wine, [[keep good]], <span class="bibl">Plb.12.2.8</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> [[abide]] by an opinion, conviction, etc., ἐπὶ τῷ ἀληθεῖ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>356e</span>; <b class="b3">μενέτωσαν ἐν τοῖς διαγνωσθεῖσι</b> Lex ap.<span class="bibl">D.21.94</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ μένων</b> the party which [[observes]] an engagement, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>391.24</span> (i A.D.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">7</span> impers. c. inf., [[it remains]] for one to do, μένει… ἐκτίνειν θέμιν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>435</span> (lyr.); τοῖς πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποισι κατθανεῖν μένει <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>733</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> trans., of persons, [[await]], [[expect]] (cf. [[μίμνω]]), ἡμέρας μεῖναι φάος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Rh.</span>66</span>; τοὺς Ἰλλυριούς <span class="bibl">Th.4.124</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.78</span>; esp. [[await]] an attack without blenching, Δαναοὶ Τρῶας μένον ἔμπεδον, οὐδὲ φέβοντο <span class="bibl">Il.5.527</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>436</span>; of a rock, [[bide]] the storm, <span class="bibl">Il.15.620</span>; ἀπορίαν γὰρ οὐ μενῶ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>740</span>: reversely of things, <b class="b3">τὸ μόρσιμον γὰρ τόν τ' ἐλεύθερον μένει</b> [[awaits]] him, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>103</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπίξηνον μένει</b> (''[[sc.]]'' με) <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1277</span>; ἀγὼν γὰρ ἄνδρας οὐ μένει λελειμμένους <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>37</span>; δεσμά με καὶ θλίψεις μένουσιν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>20.23</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> c. acc. et inf., [[wait for]], <b class="b3">ἦ μένετε Τρῶας σχεδὸν ἐλθέμεν</b>; [[wait]] ye [[for]] the Trojans to come nigh? <span class="bibl">Il.4.247</span>; οὐ μενῶ πόσιν μολεῖν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>255</span>; <b class="b3">μένον δ' ἐπὶ ἕσπερον ἐλθεῖν</b> they [[waited for]] evening's coming on, <span class="bibl">Od.1.422</span>, etc.; οὐκ ἔμειν' ἐλθεῖν τράπεζαν νυμφίαν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>3.16</span>; <b class="b3">τί μένεις… ἰέναι</b>; why [[wait]] to go? <span class="bibl">Thgn.351</span>; <b class="b3">μένω δ' ἀκοῦσαι</b> I [[wait]], i.e. [[long]], to hear, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>677</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ag.</span>459</span> (lyr.). (Cf. OPers. [[man]]- 'wait', Lat. [[maneo]].) </span>

|auten=and [[μίμνω]], ipf. iter. [[μένεσκον]], fut. [[μενέω]], aor. [[ἔμεινα]], μεῖνα: [[remain]], [[wait]], and trans., [[await]], withsland, Od. 16.367, Il. 6.126; foll. by inf., Il. 15.599 ; [[εἰσόκε]], Il. 9.45; freq. of [[standing]] [[one]]'s [[ground]] in [[battle]] or [[elsewhere]], Il. 11.317, Od. 10.83; [[also]] w. obj., [[δόρυ]], [[ἔγχος]], etc.

|sltr=[[μένω]] (μένει, -οντι; -ων; -ειν: impf. μένεν: aor. [[ἔμειν]]; μείναντες; [[μεῖναι]].) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> abs., [[remain]] ὅσοι δ' ἐτόλμασαν ἐστρὶς [[ἑκατέρωθι]] μείναντες ἀπὸ [[πάμπαν]] ἀδίκων ἔχειν ψυχάν (O. 2.69) “ἀλλὰ γὰρ νόστου [[πρόφασις]] γλυκεροῦ κώλυεν [[μεῖναι]]” (P. 4.33) μή τινα λειπόμενον τὰν ἀκίνδυνον παρὰ ματρὶ μένειν αἰῶνα πέσσοντ (P. 4.186) [[αὐτοῦ]] μένων δ' ὁ [[θεῖος]] ἀνὴρ (P. 6.38) ὕδατι γὰρ μένοντ' ἐπ Ἀσωπίῳ μελιγαρύων τέκτονες κώμων νεανίαι (N. 3.4) ξανθὸς δ' Ἀχιλεὺς τὰ μὲν μένων Φιλύρας ἐν δόμοις (N. 3.43) καὶ Ἰόλαο[ς ἐ]ν ἑπταπύλοισι [[μένω]][ν (Θήβαις supp. Lobel) fr. 169. 47. c. pr. subs., θέλοντι δὲ Παμφύλου καὶ μὰν Ἡρακλειδᾶν ἔκγονοι αἰεὶ μένειν τεθμοῖσιν ἐν Αἰγιμιοῦ Δωριεῖς (P. 1.64) ὁ δὲ [[χάλκεος]] ἀσφαλὲς αἰὲν [[ἕδος]] μένει [[οὐρανός]] (N. 6.4) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> c. acc.,<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>I</b> [[endure]] [[οἶον]] δ' ἐν [[Μαραθῶνι]] συλαθεὶς ἀγενείων μένεν ἀγῶνα (O. 9.90) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>II</b> [[await]] τὸ δὲ πὰρ δίκαν γλυκὺ πικροτάτα μένει τελευτά (I. 7.48) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> c. acc. &amp; inf., [[wait]] [[οὐκ]] [[ἔμειν]]' [[ἐλθεῖν]] τράπεζαν νυμφίαν (P. 3.16)

|lsmtext='''μένω:''' Ιων. παρατ. [[μένεσκον]], Ιων. μέλ. [[μενέω]], Αττ. <i>μενῶ</i>, αόρ. αʹ [[ἔμεινα]], παρακ. [[μεμένηκα]]· Λατ. [[maneo]]·<br /><b class="num">I. 1.</b> [[μένω]], είμαι [[σταθερός]], [[αντέχω]] στη [[μάχη]], σε Όμηρ., Αισχύλ.· [[μένω]] κατὰ χώραν, λέγεται για στρατιώτες, σε Θουκ.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> [[παραμένω]] στο [[σπίτι]] μου, [[παραμένω]] [[εκεί]] που βρίσκομαι [[κάποιος]], δεν [[σαλεύω]], σε Ομήρ. Ιλ.· [[μένω]] [[εἴσω]] δόμων, σε Αισχύλ.· <i>κατ' οἶκον</i>, σε Ευρ. κ.λπ.· [[αλλά]], [[μένω]] ἀπό τινος, [[μένω]] ([[στέκομαι]]) [[μακριά]] από κάποιον, από [[κάτι]], σε Ομήρ. Ιλ.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> [[παραμένω]], [[αναμένω]], σε Όμηρ. κ.λπ.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> λέγεται για πράγματα, είμαι [[μεγάλης]] διάρκειας, [[παραμένω]], [[διαρκώ]], [[μένω]] [[σταθερός]], [[στήλη]] μένει ἔμπεδον, σε Ομήρ. Ιλ. κ.λπ.<br /><b class="num">5.</b> λέγεται για [[κατάσταση]], [[παραμένω]] όπως ήμουν, λέγεται για ανύπαντρη [[κοπέλα]], σε Ομήρ. Ιλ.· <i>ἢν μείνωσιν ὅρκοι</i>, εάν οι όρκοι τηρηθούν, σε Ευρ.· [[μένω]] ἐπὶ τούτων, [[παραμένω]] ικανοποιημένος με..., σε Δημ.<br /><b class="num">6.</b> είμαι [[σταθερός]] σε μια [[άποψη]], [[πεποίθηση]], κ.λπ.· <i>ἐπὶτῷ ἀληθεῖ</i>, σε Πλάτ.<br /><b class="num">7.</b> απρόσ. με απαρ., μένει σε κάποιον να κάνει ([[κάτι]]), <i>ἀνθρώποισι κατθανεῖν μένει</i>, σε Ευρ.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> μτβ., [[αναμένω]], [[προσδοκώ]], [[προσμένω]], με αιτ., σε Ομήρ. Ιλ.· ομοίως, όπως το Λατ. manere hostem, σε Όμηρ. κ.λπ.· ομοίως, επίσης, με αιτ. και απαρ., ἦ μένετε Τρῶας σχεδὸν [[ἐλθέμεν]]; περιμένετε [[πράγματι]] τους [[Τρώες]] να έλθουν κοντά; σε Ομήρ. Ιλ.· μένον δ' ἐπὶ ἕσπερον [[ἐλθεῖν]], περίμεναν να έρθει το [[απόγευμα]], σε Ομήρ. Οδ.· <i>μένωδ' ἀκοῦσαι</i>, [[περιμένω]], δηλ. [[επιθυμώ]] να ακούσω, σε Αισχύλ.

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[remain]], [[stay]], [[wait]], [[expect]], [[stand firm]](Il.); also [[μίμνω]] (Il.), enlarged [[μιμνάζω]] (Il.), fut. [[μενέω]] (Ion.), Att. [[μενῶ]], aor. [[μεῖναι]] (Il.), perf. [[μεμένηκα]] (Att.).<br />Compounds: Very often w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἐν-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι- κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">παρα-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπο-</b>. Often as 1. member in governing compp., e.g. <b class="b3">μενε-χάρμης</b> [[standing firm in battle]] (Il.; Trümpy Fachausdrücke 167), also <b class="b3">-ος</b> (Il.; Sommer Nominalkomp. 27); PN <b class="b3">Μενέ-λαος</b>, <b class="b3">-λεως</b> (Il.).<br />Derivatives: (<b class="b3">ἐν-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">παρα-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπο-</b> etc.) [[μονή]] [[staying]], [[detention etc.]] (IA.) with (<b class="b3">παρ(α</b>)-)[[μόνιμος]] [[staying]], [[standing firm etc.]] (Thgn., Pi., IA.; Arbenz 39, 42ff.); [[μονίη]] [[permanence]] (Emp.), <b class="b2">standing (firm)</b> (Tyrt.), prob. with Porzig Satzinhalte 214f. after <b class="b3">καμ-μονίη</b> [[endurance]] (s.v.); (<b class="b3">ἔν-</b>, <b class="b3">παρ(ά</b>)-, <b class="b3">ἐπί-</b> etc.)<b class="b3">-μονος</b> [[staying]], [[enduring]] (Pi., Att.; from <b class="b3">ἐμ-μένω</b> etc.). -- [[μένημα]] n. [[place of detention]] (pap. VIp). -<b class="b3">-μενετός</b> [[inclined to wait]] (Th., Ar.; cf. Ammann <b class="b3">Μνήμης χάριν</b> 1, 22). -- On itself stands [[Μέμνων]] (Hom.; secondary appellative, s. v.), understood as "who stands firm, who holds out", but prob./perhaps from <b class="b3">*Μέδ-μων</b>; cf. on <b class="b3">Ἀγα-μέμνων</b>, cf. Schwyzer 208. -- An iterative deverbative <b class="b3">ἐπι-μηνάω</b> is retained in the perf. [[ἐπιμεμηνάκαντι]] (Del.3 91, 11; Argos IIIa); cf. below.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [729] <b class="b2">*men-</b> stay<br />Etymology: The themat. root-present [[μένω]], beside which the reduplicated <b class="b3">μί-μν-ω</b> (Schwyzer 690), is the basis of the whole Greek system (perf. <b class="b3">με-μέν-η-κα</b> [[is innovation]]; s. below). An exact counterpart outside Greek is not found. With iterative <b class="b3">ἐπι-μηνάω</b> agreed Arm. [[mnam]] [[stay]], [[expect]] from <b class="b2">*mēnā-</b> like Lat. [[cēlāre]] (: [[oc-culere]]; [not to [[καλύπτω]]], [[sēdāre]] (:[[sīdere]]; s. [[ἕζομαι]]). Also <b class="b2">*monā-</b> is possible as basis like [[πωτάομαι]] beside [[πέτομαι]] (Schwyzer 719). Other secondary formations are Lat. [[manēre]] (with reduced stemvowel; [[-ē-]] not to be identified with <b class="b3">με-μέν-η-κα</b>), Iran., e.g. Av. caus. [[mānayeiti]] [[he makes stay]]. Primary formations that certainly belong here gives only Sanskrit in the reduplicated athematic [[ma-man-dhi]] (ipv.), [[ma-man-yāt]] (opt.), <b class="b2">á-ma-man</b> (ipf.) [[wait]], [[stand still]] (only RV. 10, 27; 31; 32). -- Quite doubtful is the compraison with Hitt. [[mimmai]] [[he refuses]], [[rejects]] (< <b class="b2">*mi-mnā-</b> to [[μίμνω]]?? Pedersen Hittitisch 121); hypothetic is the comparison with Toch. AB [[mäsk-]] [[find oneself]], [[be]] (Meillet JournAs. 1911: 1, 456, Fraenkel IF 50, 221 n. 5). -- An isolated verbal noun is supposed further in Celt., e.g. OIr. [[ainme]] [[patience]] (< <b class="b2">*an-men-i̯ā</b>?). -- On the attempts to identify [[men-]] [[stay]] and [[men-]] [[think]] (in [[μέμονα]], [[μένος]] etc.) (prop. <b class="b2">stand thinking?</b>) s. WP. 2, 267 (Pok. 729) and W.-Hofmann s. [[maneō]]. Important details also in Ernout-Meillet s. [[maneō]].