χείρων: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, ἡ, neut. [[χεῖρον]], gen. <b class="b3">-ονος</b>, acc. <b class="b3">-ονα</b>: nom. and acc. pl. <b class="b3">χείρονες, -ας, χείρονα</b>, contr. in Att. Prose <b class="b3">χείρους, χείρω;</b> dat. [[χείροσι]], poet. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> χειρόνεσσι <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>8.22</span>:—(for Ep. form χερείων, poet. χειρότερος, χερειότερος, v. sub vocc.):—irreg. Comp. of [[κακός]]: ([[χείρων]] from <b class="b3">*χερ-yων</b>, cf. [[χερείων]]): </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> of persons, [[mcaner]], [[inferior]], either in bodily strength and bravery, or in rank, opp. [[ἀρείων]], <span class="bibl">Il.10.238</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.20.133</span>; σὺ μὲν ἐσθλὸς ἐγὼ δὲ σέθεν πολὺ χείρων <span class="bibl">Il.20.434</span>; τοῦ γένετ' ἐκ πατρὸς πολὺ χείρονος υἱὸς ἀμείνων <span class="bibl">15.641</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.20.82</span>; ἦ πολὺ χείρονες ἄνδρες ἀμύμονος ἀνδρὸς ἄκοιτιν μνῶνται <span class="bibl">21.325</span>; opp. [[κρείσσων]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>4(3).34(52)</span>; τὸν ὄλβιον τόν τε χ. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>422</span> (lyr.); τὰ χείρονα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>192</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>196</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> later in moral sense, [[worse than others]], sometimes almost like a positive, [[knave]], opp. [[ἀγαθός]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>456</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.3.9</span>, <span class="bibl">Lys.16.3</span>; οἱ πένητες καὶ οἱ δημόται καὶ οἱ χ. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Ath.</span>1.4</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.10</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ χ</b>., opp. <b class="b3">οἱ ἀγαθοί</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>460c</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">χ. βίος</b>, opp. [[ἀμείνων]], ib.<span class="bibl">618d</span>; γνώμη <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.8.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[worse]] in quality, [[inferior]], of horses, <span class="bibl">Il.23.572</span>: [[inferior]], [[less skilful]], ἰητροί <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Acut.</span>6</span>; [[ζωγράφοι]], [[δημιουργοί]], etc., <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>429a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>421e</span>, etc.: <b class="b3">χ. εἰς σοφίαν, εἰς τὴν ἀρετήν</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tht.</span>162c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>335b</span>; πρὸς ἀλήθειαν <span class="bibl">Luc. <span class="title">JTr.</span>48</span>; c. acc., χ. τὰ πολεμικά <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.8.20</span>; <b class="b3">χ. τὴν ψυχήν, τὴν διάνοιαν</b>, <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.46</span>. <span class="bibl">Isoc.11.43</span>; τὰ ἄλλα μηδὲν χ. <span class="bibl">Id.4.105</span>; c. inf., χ. ἡμῶν ταῦτα ποιεῖν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.1.16</span>; <b class="b3">οὐδὲν χείρους ἔσεσθε . . ἀκηκοότες</b> you will be none [[the worse]] for having heard... <span class="bibl">D.24.139</span>; [[less kind]], μὴ χ. περὶ ἡμᾶς αὐτοὺς εἶναι . . τῶν ὑπαρχόντων <span class="bibl">Id.2.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> of things, [[inferior]] in quality, ἄεθλον <span class="bibl">Il.23.413</span>; ὑποδήματα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span> 13.10</span>; ὄνομα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>429b</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[worse]], [[harder]], [[more severe]], νόσος <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>220</span>; μοῖρα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>248e</span>; τιμωρία <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Hebr.</span>10.29</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> neut., </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> as a Subst., τὸ χ. [[inferiority]], <span class="bibl">Polem.<span class="title">Call.</span>27</span>; but mostly in phrases with Preps., <b class="b3">ἐπὶ τὸ χ. τρέπεσθαι, κλῖναι</b>, fall off, get [[worse]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.8.2</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Mem.</span>3.5.13</span>; ἐπὶ τὸ χ. μεταβάλλει ἑαυτόν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span> 381b</span>; <b class="b3">ἀλλοιοῦσθαι ἐπὶ τὸ χ</b>., opp. <b class="b3">ἐπὶ τὸ βέλτιον</b>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">CP</span>6.3.3</span>; also <b class="b3">πάντα ὑποπτεύοντες ἐπὶ τὸ χ</b>. putting the [[worst]] construction on . . <span class="bibl">D.H.6.85</span>; λαμβάνειν τι ἐπὶ τὸ χ. <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">AJ</span>16.7.4</span>; also πρὸς τὸ χ. μεταβάλλειν <span class="bibl">D.S.20.57</span>; κατὰ τὸ χ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>720e</span>; in the [[lower]] sense, opp. <b class="b3">κατὰ τὸ κρεῖττον</b>, <span class="bibl">Dam.<span class="title">Pr.</span>7</span>: less freq. in plural, ἐπὶ τὰ χείρω ἰέναι <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Mem.</span>3.9.9</span>; τὰ χ. προαιρεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">Isoc.8.110</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> as a predicate, <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ σοὶ αὐτῷ χ</b>. (''[[sc.]]'' [[ἐστί]] or [[ἔσται]]) <span class="bibl">Od.15.515</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.6.4</span>; with a neg., <b class="b3">οὐ χ. [ἐστι</b>] c. inf., we may [[as well]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>105a</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">EN</span>1127a14</span>; simply <b class="b3">οὐ χεῖρον</b>, in an answer, it is [[as well]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span> 37</span>; λάβ', ὦγάθ'· οὐδὲν χ. <span class="bibl">Clearch.Com.4</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> as adverb, [[worse]], χ. βουλεύσασθαι <span class="bibl">Th.3.46</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">6.89</span>; χ. πρᾶξαι <span class="bibl">Id.7.67</span>; [[βιῶναι]], [[ζῆν]], <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">R.</span>344e</span>, <span class="bibl">519d</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> [[in inferior degree]], [[less]], ἀγαπᾶν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lg.</span>928a</span>; φυλακὰς χ. φυλαττομένας <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>6.2.17</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">B</span> Sup. χείριστος, η, ον, [[worst]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>303a</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ὁ χ</b>., opp. <b class="b3">ὁ βέλτιστος</b>, <span class="bibl">Lys.1.2</span>; esp. οἱ χ. [[men of lowest degrce]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.32</span>. Adv. χείριστα <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span>687a24</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Metaph.</span>1083b2</span> (dub. ''1''.); also -τως <span class="bibl">[[LXX]] <span class="title">2 Ma.</span>7.39</span>.</span>

|ftr='''χείρων''': (ion. att. seit Il.),<br />{kheírōn}<br />'''Forms''': äol. (Gramm.) χέρρων, poet. auch [[χειρότερος]] (Ο 513, Υ 436, Hes. ''Op''.127 u.a.) mit Superl. [[χείριστος]] (att.).<br />'''Meaning''': [[schlechter]], [[schwächer]]<br />'''Derivative''': Daneben die ep. Formen [[χερείων]], [[χερειότερος]] mit [[χέρεια]] (Akk. pl. n., sg. m.), χέρηες (Nom. pl.), χέρηϊ (Dat. sg.).<br />'''Etymology''': Die Formen lassen sich mit Leumann Mus. Helv. 2, 2ff. (Kl. Schr. 215ff.) folgendermaßen erklären: zu [[χείρων]] aus *χέρ-''j''ων trat *χέριστος (für tiefstufiges *χάριστος, das wegen des Anklangs an [[χάρις]] vermieden wurde ?) wie μέζον (aus *μέγ-''j''ων): [[μέγιστος]]; dafür att. [[χείριστος]] nach [[χείρων]], wozu χειρίων· [[ἐλάττων]], [[χείρων]] H. Nach [[ἄριστος]]: [[ἀρείων]] entstand *χέριστος: [[χερείων]] mit ntr. χέρειον, wozu nach den ο-Stämmen pl. [[χέρεια]]; dazu endlich *χέρειες (geschr. χέρηες; vgl. [[πλέον]]: [[πλέα]]: [[πλέες]]; zur Schreibung noch Schwyzer 243) mit sg. Dat. χέρηϊ, Akk. [[χέρεια]]. Anders über χέρηϊ usw. Brugmann IF 9, 156ff. (s. auch Schwyzer 538 m.A.10). Ohne überzeugende Etymologie. Über frühere Versuche (zu aind. ''hrasvá''-, Komp. ''hrásiyān'' [[kurz]], [[klein]], air. ''gair'' [[kurz]]) s. Bq s. χέρηϊ mit älterer Lit. (bes. Osthoff MU 6, 188ff.) und WP. 1, 604, ebenfalls m. Lit., Pok. 443. Neuer Vorschlag von Machek Listy filol. 72, 74 f.: zu aksl. ''gor’ьjь'' [[schlechter]], [[schlimmer]] (gewöhnlich mit ''gorė́ti'' [[brennen]], ''gorьkъ'' [[bitter]] verbunden; wenig einleuchtend). Vgl. die prinzipiellen Bemerkungen Leumanns a.O. — Zu χειρόομαι, -όω s. [[χείρ]]. Vgl. auch [[χρή]].<br />'''Page''' 2,1084