παρίστημι: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<span class="bld">A</span> causal in pres., impf., fut., and aor.1; later pf. παρέστᾰκα in same sense, ''PTeb.''5.196 (ii B.C.), Plb.3.94.7, S.E. ''M.''7.273, etc.<br><span class="bld">I</span> [[cause to stand]], [[place beside]], π. τοὺς ἱππεῖς ἐφ' ἑκάτερον τὸ κέρας Plb.3.72.9, cf. 3.113.8; <b class="b3">παραστήσας τὰ ὅπλα</b> [[having brought]] his Arm. into view, D.18.175; <b class="b3">π. τινὰ φυλάττειν</b> [[set]] one [[near]] a thing to guard it, [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in Id.49.35; π. σορὸν σορῷ ''Anatolian Studies'' p.204 (Termessus).<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[set before the mind]], [[present]], ὑπόθεσιν… οὐ χὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν D.3.1; <b class="b3">τοῦτο π. τοὺς θεοὺς ὑμῖν</b> that they may [[put]] this [[into]] your [[minds]], Id.18.1; τὸ δεινὸν π. τοῖς ἀκούουσιν Id.21.72; <b class="b3">π. ἐλπίδας, ὁτιοῦν τῶν δεινοτάτων</b>, Id.19.333, 21.15; [[arouse]], [[inspire]], <b class="b3">οὐ γὰρ ἡ πληγὴ παρέστησε τὴν ὀργὴν ἀλλ' ἡ ἀτιμία</b> ib.72; π. φόβον καὶ ἀπορίαν ταῖς πόλεσι Plb.3.94.7; <b class="b3">π. ὁ κίνδυνος διαλογισμόν, μὴ</b>.. Aeschin.2.159: so <b class="b3">τοῦτο π. ὑμῖν γνῶναι</b> [[prompt]] you to that decision, D.18.8; <b class="b3">π. τινὶ θαρρεῖν</b> [[give]] one confidence, [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in Aeschin.1.174; <b class="b3">π. τινί</b> c. inf., [[put]] it [[into his head]] to... Paus.9.14.6; also <b class="b3">π. τινὶ ὅτι</b> or [[ὡς]]... X. ''Oec.''13.1, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 600c.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[dispose]] a person, πρὸς μελαγχολίας Phld. ''Ir.''p.28 W., cf. ''Mus.''p.73 K.; also [[Ἀθηναίους]] ἄλλα παρέστησεν ὡς ἥρωα τιμᾶν Θησέα Plu. ''Thes.''35:—also in Pass., V. B. V. 1.<br><span class="bld">3</span> of a Poet, [[represent]], [[describe]], τὸν Νέστορα παρέστησε [ὁ ποιητὴς] πείθοντα Phld. ''Hom.'' p.65 O., cf. Ath.3.110f, 4.133b; δι' ἐτυμολογίας Corn. ''ND''1:—Pass., <b class="b3">παριστάσθω ὅτι</b>… [[let it be stated]] that... S.E. ''M.''7.310.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[furnish]], [[supply]], [[deliver]], PCair.Zen.790.10 (iii B.C.), ''PTeb.''5.196 (ii B.C.), Abh. Berl.Akad>.1925(5).31 (Cyrene).<br><span class="bld">5</span> [[make good]], [[prove]], [[show]], τι πολλοῖς τεκμηρίοις Lys.12.51, cf. ''Act.Ap.''24.13; καθάπερ προϊόντες -στήσομεν Phld. ''Ir.''p.85 W., cf. ''Mus.''p.37 K.<br><span class="bld">6</span> c. acc. pers., [[present]], [[offer]], <b class="b3">ἑαυτοὺς τῷ θεῷ, ἑαυτοὺς δούλους εἰς ὑπακοήν</b>, ''Ep.Rom.''6.13,16.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[commend]], βρῶμα ἡμᾶς οὐ παραστήσει τῷ θεῷ ''1 Ep.Cor.''8.8.<br><span class="bld">7</span> [[render]], [ἡ πίσσα] τὸν οἶνον ἔὔποτον παρίστησι ταχέως Plu.2.676c.<br><span class="bld">8</span> in later Greek, as in Med. (V. C. 1), [[produce]] in [[court]], etc., ''BGU''759.22 (ii A.D.), etc.:—Pass., ''Sammelb.''4512.82 (ii B.C.), etc.<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[set side by side]], [[compare]], [πόλεις] μικρὰς μεγάλαις Isoc. 12.40.—The use of these act. tenses occurs in Pl.l.c., but first becomes common in Oratt.<br><span class="bld">B</span> Pass., with aor. 2, pf. and plpf. Act., intr.:<br><span class="bld">I</span> [[stand by]], [[beside]], or [[near]], θέων δέ οἱ ἄγχι παρέστη Il.15.442, cf. 483; ἀμφίπολος δ' ἄρα οἱ κεδνὴ ἑκάτερθε παρέστη Od.1.335, cf. 8.218, 18.183; <b class="b3">ἑξείης πάντεσσι παρίστασαι</b>, of a beggar, 17.450; οὐδ' ἄρα οἵ τις ἀνουτητί γε παρέστη Il.22.371; <b class="b3">ζωγράφῳ παρεστηκυῖα</b>, of a painter's model, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''3.11.2: freq. in part. [[παραστάς]] with a Verb, εἶπε παραστάς Il.12.60; <b class="b3">οὖτα π.</b> 20.472; [[παρασταθείς]], [[varia lectio|v.l.]] for [[κατασταθείς]], E.''Or.''365.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[stand by]], i.e. [[help]], [[defend]], τινι Il.10.279, etc.; Τρωσὶ παρεστάμεναι καὶ ἀμύνειν 21.231, cf. 15.255; Ὀδυσῆϊ π. ἠδ' ἐπαρήγει 23.783, cf. Hes. ''Th.''439, Hdt.1.87, etc.; π. τινὶ χερσί [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''1384; <b class="b3">βοηθοὶ π.</b> [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''5.3.19; οὐ παρέστη οὐδ' ἐβοήθησεν D.45.64.<br><span class="bld">II</span> more freq. in past tenses, [[to have come]], δεῦρο παρέστης Il.3.405; to [[be at hand]], νῆες δ' ἐκ Λήμνοιο παρέστασαν 7.467, etc.<br><span class="bld">2</span> of events, to [[be near]], [[be at hand]], ἀλλά τοι ἤδη ἄγχι παρέστηκεν θάνατος 16.853; κακὴ Διὸς αἶσα παρέστη ἡμῖν Od.9.52, cf. 16.280: in fut. Med., σοὶ…παραστήσεσθαι ἔμελλεν μοῖρ' ὀλοή 24.28; ἐάν του καιρὸς ἢ χρεία παραστῇ D. 21.101, cf. 73: freq. in pf., παρέστηχ' ὡς ἔοικ' ἀγὼν μέγας E. ''Hec.''229, cf. ''Med.''331; in part., τὸ χρῶμα τὸ παρεστηκός Ar. ''Eq.''399; ὁ νῦν παρεστηκὼς ἡμῖν λόγος Pl. ''Lg.''962d: in Att. form [[παρεστώς]], [[παρεστῶσα]], ός, τῆς παρεστώσης νόσου> S. ''Ph.''734; <b class="b3">τοῦ π. θέρους</b> ib.1340; τὰς παρεστώσας τύχας E. ''Or.''[1024]; <b class="b3">τὰ παρεστῶτα</b> [[present circumstances]], <b class="b3">τὰ λῷστα, κράτιστα τῶν π.</b>, A. ''Ag.''1053, ''Pr.''218; πρὸς τὸ παρεστός Ar. ''Eq.''564; πρὸς τὸ παριστάμενον X. ''Eq.Mag.''9.1.<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[come to the side of]] another, [[come over]] to his [[opinion]], παραστῆναι ἐς τῶν Περσέων τὴν γνώμην Hdt.6.99: abs., [[come to terms]], [[surrender]], [[submit]], Id.3.13,5.65, 6.140; οἱ πολέμιοι παραστήσονται Id.3.155; τῷ πολέμῳ παραστῆναι D. 22.15, cf. ''EM''653.2.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> [[happen]] to one, τῷ δὴ λέγουσι.. θῶμα μέγιστον παραστῆναι Hdt.1.23; τὸ φρονεῖν ἀλλοῖα παρίσταται Emp. 108; esp. [[come into one's head]], [[occur]] to one, τὼς νόος ἀνθρώποισι παριστᾶται Parm.16.2; δόξα μοι παρεστάθη ναοὺς ἱκέσθαι S. ''OT''911; <b class="b3">δόξα π.</b> <b class="b3">τινὶ ὥστε</b>… [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]'' 66b; <b class="b3">σοὶ τοῦτο παρέστηκεν, ὡς</b>… Id.''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]'' 233c; <b class="b3">π. θαῦμα, γνώμη</b>, And.2.2, 24 ([[si vera lectio|s.v.l.]]); ἔκπληξις παρέστη Th.8.96: impers., <b class="b3">παρίσταταί μοι</b> [[it occurs to me]]; <b class="b3">τῷ οὐ παραστήσεται… τεθνάναι βούλεσθαι</b> to whom [[it will]] not [[occur]] to wish for death, Hdt.7.46: followed by [[ὡς]], Th. 4.61,95, Lys. 12.62, etc.: c. inf., Id.7.17; οὐχὶ παρίσταταί μοι ταὐτὰ γιγνώσκειν D.3.1: c. acc. et inf., Lys.21.12, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]'' 58e; part., <b class="b3">τὸ παριστάμενον</b> that which comes into one's [[head]], a [[thought]], Luc. ''Cont.'' 13; <b class="b3">ἐκ τοῦ π. λέγειν</b> speak [[offhand]], Plu.''Dem.''9, cf. Gal. 14.295.<br><span class="bld">V</span> to [[be disposed]], πρὸς τὰς πράξεις Phld.''Mus.''p.71 K.; εἰρηνικῶς παρεστώτων Id.''Hom.'' p.45 O.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[collect oneself]], παραστῆναι πρὸς τὸν κίνδυνον D.S. 17.43; <b class="b3">τῷ θυμῷ παραστάς</b> ib.99; π. πρὸς τὴν ἀπολογίαν Plu. ''Alc.'' 19; παρεστηκότες ταῖς γνώμαις Arr.''Fr.'' 161 J.<br><span class="bld">3</span> metaph., <b class="b3">οἶνος παρίσταται</b> the wine [[improves]], [[becomes fit for drinking]], opp. [[ἐξίσταται]], [[Theophrastus]] ''CP''6.14.10, cf. Dsc.5.8.<br><span class="bld">b</span> of a crop, to [[be ripe]], ὅταν ὁ πρώϊμος σπόρος παραστῇ ''OGI''56.68 (Egypt, iii B. C.); so prob. ἡ γῆ παρέστηκεν ''PLille'' 8.5 (iii B. C.).<br><span class="bld">VI</span> <b class="b3">παρεστηκέναι φρενῶν</b> to [[be beside oneself]], [[lose one's wits]], Plb.18.53.6; π. ταῖς διανοίαις Id.14.5.7, etc.; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον π.</b> Id.22.8.13; cf. [[παρεξίστημι]] ''ΙΙ''.<br><span class="bld">2</span> to [[be passionately devoted to]], ἵπποισι παρεστεῶτες Hp.''Ep.''17.<br><span class="bld">VII</span> abs., [[παρεστηκός]], = [[παρόν]], [[since it was in their power]], [[since the opportunity offered]], Th.4.133.<br><span class="bld">C</span> Some tenses of Med., pres. and impf. sts., fut. and aor. I almost always (for exceptions, v. supr. B. 11.2, III, iv), are used in causal sense:<br><span class="bld">I</span> [[set by one's side]], [[bring forward]], [[produce]], π. ἱερεῖα X.''An.''6.1.22; especially in a court of justice, τοὺς παῖδας παραστησάμενοι Lys.20.35; <b class="b3">παιδία παραστήσεται</b> (of a [[culprit]]) D.21.99; <b class="b3">ταῦτα παραστησάμενος</b> ib.187; [[μάρτυρας]] παρίστανται Is.4.13, etc.; <b class="b3">παραστήσασθαί τινα</b> [[produce]] him [[as witness]], Id.9.9, D.34.28, etc.; π. τινὰ εἰς κρίσιν [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 555b.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[commend]], τινί τινα J.''AJ'' 15.7.3.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[bring to one's side]], [[bring over by force]], [[bring to terms]], ἀέκοντας παραστήσασθαι Hdt. 8.80; π. βία S.''OC''916; π. πολιορκίᾳ Th.1.98; <b class="b3">πολιορκοῦντας π. ὁμολογίᾳ</b> ib.29: abs., <b class="b3">π. τινά, π. πόλιν</b>, Hdt.3.45, Th.1.124, etc.; τοὺς οἰκοῦντας τὴν Ἀττικὴν π. εἰς φορὰν δασμοῦ Pl.''Lg.'' 706b.<br><span class="bld">2</span> generally, [[dispose]] for one's own [[view]]s or [[purpose]]s, <b class="b3">τινὰ παραστήσασθαι οὕτως ὥστε</b>… so to [[dispose]] a person that... Hdt.4.136; ἑαυτοὺς πρὸς τὴν μάχην Plb.3.109.9; [[dispose]], [[induce]] a person, πρὸς τὸ κοινωνεῖν Id.29.3.5: c. acc. et inf., Chio ''Ep.''3.