πολιτικός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[[πολιτική]], [[πολιτικόν]],<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[of citizens]], [[for citizens]], or [[relating to citizens]], σύλλογος [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Gorgias|Grg.]]'' 452e; οἶκοι Isoc.2.21; αἱ πολιτικαί λειτουργίαι, opp. αἱ τῶν μετοίκων, D.20.18; πολιτική [[κοινωνία]], πολιτικός [[βίος]], Arist.''Pol.''1252a7, 1254b30; πολιτικός νόμος ''IG''9 (1).32.22 (Stiris, ii B. C.), ''PHal.''1.79, cf. ''PPetr.''3p.49 (iii B. C.), Mitteis ''Chr.''31 vii 9 (ii B. C.); [[πολιτική χώρα]] Lat. [[ager]] [[publicus]], Plb.6.45.3; παῖδες π. ''IG''14.748 (Naples); χορὸς πολιτικός ib.7.1776 (Helice); at [[Rome]], πολιτικὴ [[στρατηγία]] = [[office]] of [[praetor]] [[urbanus]] (i.e. [[qui inter cives ius dicit]]), Plu.''Brut.'' 7. Adv. [[πολιτικῶς]] [[κινεῖν]] = bring a [[civil]] [[action]], ''Cod.Just.''4.20.13.1.<br><span class="bld">b</span> in a [[town]], πολιτικός [[τόπος]] a [[city]] [[site]], ''[[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|POxy.]]''2109.8 (iii A. D.).<br><span class="bld">c</span> [[πολιτικός]], ὁ, [[official]], PTeb.208 (i B. C.), ''Sammelb.''286 (pl.), ''[[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|POxy.]]''34 iii 10 (pl., ii A. D.), etc.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[befitting a citizen]], [[civic]], [[civil]], ἰσονομία Th.3.82; σχῆμα π. τοῦ λόγου Id.8.89; ἀγῶνες [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''2.6.26; π. ἀρετή Id.''Lac.'' 10.7; ἡ πολιτικωτάτη [[ἔρις]] ib.4.5; [[τὰ πολιτικά]] = [[civil affairs]], opp. τὰ πολεμικά, Id.''Eq.''2.1, cf. ''Hier.''9.5; πολιτικωτέρα ἐγένετο ἡ ὀλιγαρχία more [[constitutionly]], Arist.''Pol.''1305b10; πολιτικὴ [[ἀρχή]], opp. [[δεσποτική]], ib.1254b4; [[observant of social order]], Plb.34.14.2. Adv. [[πολιτικῶς ἔχειν]] = [[act]] [[like]] a [[citizen]], [[act]] in a [[constitutional]] [[manner]], Isoc.4.79; [[οὐδὲ κοινῶς οὐδὲ π. ἐβίωσαν]] ib. 151; οὐκ ἴσως οὐδὲ π. D.10.74; [[οὕτω]]… [[ἀρχαίως]] εἶχον, [[μᾶλλον]] δὲ π. the Greek states were so much like members of one [[state]], Id.9.48; [[πολιτικῶς]] [[ἄρχειν]], opp. [[βασιλικῶς]], Arist.''Pol.''1259b1; opp. [[δεσποτικῶς]], ib. 1324a37; of animals, πολιτικώτερον χρῶνται τοῖς ἀπογόνοις more [[socially]], Id.''HA'' 589a2: hence,<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[civil]], [[courteous]], Plb.23.5.7. Adv. [[civilly]], [[courteously]], [[πράως]] καὶ πολιτικῶς μεμψιμοιρεῖν (πράως καὶ πολιτικῶς μεμψιμοιρούντων ἐπὶ τούτοις...) Id.18.48.7.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[consisting of citizens]] or [[consisting of one's fellow-citizens]], [[τὸ πολιτικόν]] = the [[community]], Hdt.7.103, cf. Th.8.93; τὸ πολιτικὸν [[στράτευμα]], opp. τὸ τῶν συμμάχων, X.''HG''4.4.19: without [[στράτευμα]], ib.5.3.25, etc.; αἱ πολιτικαί δυνάμεις Aeschin.3.98; opp. [[οἱ σύμμαχοι]], D.18.237, cf. 9.48; πολιτικὸν [[δικαστήριον]] = a [[court]] composed of locally appointed [[citizen]]s, opp. ξενικὸν [[δικαστήριον]] (a [[court]] composed of [[foreigner]]s invited from [[abroad]]), ''SIG''306.28 (Tegea, iv B. C.), 976.9 (Samos, ii B. C.); οἱ πολιτικοὶ ἱππεῖς καὶ πεζοί Plb.1.9.4, cf. D.S.19.106; τὰ πολιτικὰ σώματα prob. cj. for τὰ πολεμικὰ σώματα in Plb.4.52.7, cf. ''SIG''588.64 (Milet., ii B. C.); [[σῶμα]] πολιτικόν ''IG''12(7).386.25 (Aegiale, iii B. C.); οἱ πολιτικοί = οἱ πολῖται, ib.22.2316.54.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[living in a community]], [[ὁ ἄνθρωπος φύσει πολιτικὸν ζῷον]] = [[man is by nature a political animal]] Arist.''Pol.''1253a3; πολιτικὰ δ' ἐστίν, ὧν ἕν τι καὶ κοινὸν γίγνεται πάντων τὸ ἔργον Id.''HA''488a7; also, [[fit for free government]], [[characteristic of free government]], Id.''Pol.''1287b38, 1294b1; [[πλῆθος]] ib.1288a12.<br><span class="bld">5</span> [[secular]], opp. [[ecclesiastical]], πρόσοδοι ''SIG''459.6 (Beroea, iii B. C.), cf. 526.35 (Itanus, iii B. C.), ''OGI''267.29 (Pergam., iii B. C.); οἱ πολιτικοί = the [[laity]], Lyd. ''Mens.''3.10.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[of a statesman]] or [[befitting a statesman]], [[statesmanlike]], δεινότητες Nausiph.2; ψυχαὶ πολιτικώτεραι, opp. οἰκονομικώτεραι, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''2.2.14, cf. Pl.''Alc.''1.133e; ὁ πολιτικός the [[statesman]], Arist.''Pol.''1252a7, 1274b36, 1276a34; also, title of a dialogue by Plato.<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[belonging to the state]] or [[belonging to the administration of the state]], [[political]], οἰκείων καὶ π. ἐπιμέλεια Th. 2.40; τέχνη π. Democr.157, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Protagoras|Prt.]]'' 319a, ''Grg.''521d; ἡ πολιτικὴ [[ἐπιστήμη]], ἡ [[πολιτική]]., the [[science]] of [[politics]], opp. [[οἰκονομική]], [[βασιλική]], Id.''Plt.''259c, 303e (in Arist. [[politics]] includes [[ethics]], ''EN''1094b11, ''Rh.''1356a27, and is divided into [[πολιτική]] (proper) καὶ [[οἰκονομία]] καὶ [[φρόνησις]], ''EE''1218b13, cf. ''EN''1141b23 sq.); π. πράγματα Isoc.4.113; πράξεις Pl.''Hp.Ma.'' 281c; φρόνησις [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Nicomachean Ethics|EN]]''1141b26; [[λόγος]], title of work by Antipho Soph., Hermog.''Id.''2.11, etc.; [[τὰ πολιτικά]] = [[public matters]], [[γνῶναι]] Th.2.40, cf. 6.15,89; πράττειν τὰ πολιτικά [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Gorgias|Grg.]]'' 521d, cf. ''Ap.''31d, etc.; but τὰ πολιτικὰ [[βλάπτειν]] = [[prejudice]] the [[weal]] of the [[state]], Id.''R.''407d.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[civil]], [[municipal]], opp. [[natural or general]], οὐ γὰρ ἐκ π. αἰτίας D.21.218.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> generally, [[having relation to public life]], [[political]], [[public]], opp. [[ἴδιος]]; [[κατ' ἰδίας δὲ φιλοτιμίας]] = [[but in keeping with private ambition]], Th.8.89; πολιτικαὶ τιμαί [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''2.6.24; [[λόγοι]] [[civil]] [[oratory]], Isoc.15.46, [[Dionysius of Halicarnassus|D.H.]]''[[De Compositione Verborum|Comp.]]''1, al.; τίς π. καὶ κοινὴ βοήθεια; D.18.311. Adv. Comp. [[πολιτικώτερον]], [[litterae]] π. [[scriptae]] Cic.''Att.''5.12.2.<br><span class="bld">V</span> [[suited to a citizen's common life]], [[ordinary]], κάνναθρον X.''Ages.''8.7; [[belonging to common usage]], τῶν ὀνομάτων τὰ π. Isoc.9.10; [[drawn from ordinary life]], παραδείγματα Gal.5.221; τὰς πολιτικὰς… χρείας [τοῦ σκέλους] [[ordinary]], opp. [[wrestling]] and [[dancing]], Id.2.299; ὁ πολιτικός, opp. ὁ [[ποιητής]], Phryn.45. Adv. [[πολιτικῶς]] [[λέγειν]], opp. [[ῥητορικῶς]], Arist.''Po.''1450b7; [[ὁρίζεσθαι]] Id.''Pol.'' 1275b25; [[ἑρμηνεύειν]] Gal.18(1).415.<br><span class="bld">VI</span> [[πολιτική]], ἡ, [[concubine]], [[mistress]], PGrenf.2.73 (iii A. D.), ''[[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|POxy.]]''903.37 (iv A. D.).