δίκαιος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ῐ], δικαία, δίκαιον, also [[δίκαιος]], δίκαιον E.''Heracl.''901 (lyr.), ''IT''1202, D.S.5.72: ([[δίκη]]):<br><span class="bld">A</span> in Hom. and all writers, of persons, [[observant of custom]] or [[observant of rule]], Od.3.52; esp. [[of social rule]], [[well-ordered]], [[civilized]], ὑβρισταί τε καὶ ἄγριοι οὐδὲ δ. 9.175, cf. 8.575; [Γαλακτοφάγοι] δικαιότατοι Il.13.6; [Χείρων] δικαιότατος Κενταύρων 11.832, cf. Thgn.314, 794; δίκαιος [[πολίτης]] = a [[good]] [[citizen]], D.3.21, etc.: metaph. of the sea, Sol.12.2 (Sup.); <b class="b3">δικαίη ζόη</b> a [[civilized]] [[way]] of [[living]], Hdt.2.177. Adv. [[δικαίως]], [[μνᾶσθαι]] = [[woo]] [[in due form]], [[decently]], Od.14.90; ὑπὸ ζυγῷ λόφον δ. εἶχον [[loyally]], S.''Ant.''292.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[observant of duty]] to gods and men, [[righteous]], Od.13.209, etc.; δ. πρὸς πᾶσαν ὁμιλίην Hp.''Medic.'' 2; ἰθὺς καὶ δίκαιος Hdt.1.96; opp. [[δυσσεβής]], A.''Th.''598, cf. 610; δ. καὶ ὅσιος [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Gorgias|Grg.]]'' 507b; δικαίων ἀδίκους φρένας παρασπᾷς S.''Ant.''791 (lyr.); also of actions, etc., [[righteous]], [[ἐπὶ ῥηθέντι δικαίῳ]] a thing [[rightly]] said, Od.18.414, etc.<br><span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">ὁ δίκαιος</b>, euphemism of a [[sacred]] [[snake]], ''GDI'' 5056 (Crete).<br><span class="bld">B</span> later:<br><span class="bld">I</span> [[equal]], [[even]], [[well-balanced]], <b class="b3">ἅρμα δίκαιον</b> [[even-going]] [[chariot]], [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''2.2.26: so metaph., νωμᾷ δικαίῳ πηδαλίῳ στρατόν Pi.''P.''1.86; δικαιόταται ἀντιρροπαί Hp.''Art.''7; <b class="b3">δικαιότατα μοχλεύειν</b> ibid.: hence, [[fair]], [[impartial]], βάσανος Antipho 1.8; [[συγγραφεύς]] Luc.''Hist.Conscr.''39.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[legally exact]], [[precise]], <b class="b3">τῷ δικαιοτάτῳ τῶν λόγων</b> to speak [[quite exactly]], Hdt.7.108, cf. Th.3.44; of Numbers, αἱ ἑκατὸν ὀργυιαὶ δίκαιαι Hdt.2.149. Adv. [[δικαίως]], πάντα δικαίως ὑμῖν τετήρηται D.21.3; <b class="b3">δ. ἐξετάζειν</b> ib.154.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[lawful]], [[just]], esp. [[τὸ δίκαιον]] = [[right]], opp. [[τὸ ἄδικον]], Hdt.1.96, A.''Pr.''189 (lyr.), etc.; τὸ δίκαιον τὸ νόμιμον καὶ τὸ ἴσον [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Nicomachean Ethics|EN]]''1129a34; δίκαιον διορθωτικόν, δίκαιον διανεμητικόν, ib.1131b25, 27; <b class="b3">τὸ πολιτικὸν δίκαιον</b> ib.1134b18; ἔστι ἐπιεικὲς τὸ παρὰ τὸν γεγραμμένον νόμον δίκαιον Id.''Rh.''1374a27, cf. ''EN''1137b12; καὶ δίκαια κἄδικα Ar. ''Nu.''99; τὰ ἴσα καὶ τὰ δ. D.21.67; [[τοὐμὸν δίκαιον]] = [[my own right]], E.''IA''810; <b class="b3">ἐλθεῖν ἐπὶ τοῦτο τὸ δίκαιον</b> bring the case to this [[issue]], Antipho6.24; <b class="b3">οὐδὲν τῶν δ. ποιεῖν τινί</b> not to do [[what is just and right]] by a man, X.''HG''5.3.10; [[τὰ δίκαια ἔχειν]], [[τὰ δίκαια λαμβάνειν]], [[receive one's due]], Id.''An.''7.7.14, 17; <b class="b3">τὰ δ. πράττεσθαι πόλιν</b> [[give]] a [[city]] its [[desert]]s, A.''Ag.''812; <b class="b3">ἐκ τοῦ δικαίου</b>, = [[δικαίως]], Ar.''Av.''1435, cf. Th.2.89; so <b class="b3">ἀπὸ τοῦ δικαίου, τῶν δικαίων</b>, ''Inscr.Prien.''50.8 (ii B. C.), 123.8 (i B. C.); μετὰ τοῦ δ. Lys.2.12, D.21.177; [[τὸ δίκαιον]] = [[lawful claim]], <b class="b3">ἃ ἔχομεν δίκαια πρός</b>… Th.3.54, cf. D. 21.179, Plu.''Luc.''3, etc.; <b class="b3">τὰ πρὸς ἀλλήλους δ.</b> [[mutual]] [[obligation]]s or [[contract]]s, Plb.3.21.10; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ συγκειμένοις τισὶ δικαίοις</b> on certain [[agreed]] [[terms]], D.H.3.51. Adv. [[δικαίως]] = [[rightly]], [[justly]], Hdt.6.137; [[μεῖζον]] ἢ δ. A.''Ag.''376 (lyr.); καὶ [[δικαίως]] καὶ [[ἀδίκως]] And.1.135.<br><span class="bld">II</span> of persons and things, [[meet and right]], [[fitting]], δ. τοῦδε τοῦ φόνου ῥαφεύς A.''Ag.''1604; κόσμος οὐ φέρειν δ. Id.''Eu.''55; <b class="b3">ἵππον δ. ποιεῖσθαί τινι</b> make a [[horse]] [[fit]] for another's [[use]], [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''4.4.5, cf. ''Cyn.''7.4 (<b class="b3">ἵππος δ. τὴν σιαγόνα</b> having a [[good]] [[mouth]], Poll.1.196).<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[normal]], σχήματα Hp.''Art.''69; φύσις Id.''Fract.''1 (Sup.).<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[real]], [[genuine]], [[γόνος]] S.''Fr.''[1119]; ποιῶν τὰ ἐν τῇ τέχνῃ δ. ''Supp.Epigr.''2.184.7 (Tanagra, ii B. C.). Adv., [[εἴπερ δικαίως ἐστ' ἐμός]] = [[really and truly mine]], [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''547, cf.[[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Cratylus|Cra.]]''418e.<br><span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">ὁ δίκαιος λόγος</b> the [[plea]] [[of equity]], Th.1.76. Adv. [[δικαίως]] = [[with reason]], Id.6.34, cf. S.''OT''675: Comp. δικαιότερον Ar.''V.''1149, etc.; also [[δικαιοτέρως]] Isoc. 15.170: Sup. δικαιότατα Ar.''Av.''1222; Aeol. [[δικαίτατα]] ''IG''12(2).526c17 (Eresus).<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[ψυχὴ ἐς τὸ δίκαιον ἔβη]] '[[the land of the leal]]', ''IG''7.2543.3 (Thebes).<br><span class="bld">C</span> in Prose, <b class="b3">δίκαιός εἰμι</b>, c. inf., <b class="b3">δίκαιοί ἐστε ἰέναι</b> you are [[bound]] to [[come]], Hdt.9.60, cf. 8.137; δ. εἰμεν ἔχειν Id.9.27; δ. εἰμι [[κολάζειν]] I have a [[right]] to [[punish]], Ar.''Nu.''1434, cf. S.''Ant.''400; δ. ἐστι [[περιπεσεῖν]] κακοῖς Antipho 3.3.7; <b class="b3">δ. εἰσι ἀπιστότατοι εἶναι</b> they have most [[reason]] to [[distrust]], Th.4.17; δ. [[βλάπτεσθαι]] Lys.20.12; [[δίκαιός ἐστιν ἀπολωλέναι]] = [[dignus est qui pereat]], D.6.37; <b class="b3">ὁ σπουδαῖος ἄρχειν δ.</b> has a [[right]] to... Arist.''Pol.''1287b12; with a non-personal subject, ἔλεος δ. ἀντιδίδοσθαι Th.3.40: less freq. in Comp. and Sup., δικαιότεροι χαρίσασθαι Lys.20.34; δικαιότατος εἶ [[ἀπαγγέλλειν]] [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Symposium|Smp.]]'' 172b; but <b class="b3">δίκαιόν ἐστι</b> is also found, Hdt.1.39, A.''Pr.''611, etc.: pl., δίκαια γὰρ τόνδ' [[εὐτυχεῖν]] [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''1126, cf. ''Tr.''495, 1116; <b class="b3">δικαίως ἄν</b>, c. opt., Pl. ''Phdr.''276a. δικαίων with penultimate short in Orph.''Fr.''247.2; cf. <b class="b3">οὐ δίκαον· οὐ δίκαιον</b>, [[Hesychius Lexicographus|Hsch.]]]