καίω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Att. κάω [ᾱ], impf. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> ἔκαιον <span class="bibl">Od.9.553</span>, Att. [[ἔκᾱον]], Ep. καῖον <span class="bibl">Il. 21.343</span>: fut. καύσω <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>5.4.21</span>, (ἐπι-) <span class="bibl">Pl.Com.186.4</span>, (κατα-) <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Lys.</span>1218</span>; also καύσομαι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pl.</span>1054</span>: aor. 1 ἔκαυσα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pax</span>1088</span>, <span class="bibl">Th. 7.80</span> (bis), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>456b</span>, etc.; Ep. [[ἔκηα]] (certain Act. and Med. forms have <b class="b3">κει-</b> in codd. of Hom., v. infr.), ἔκηα <span class="bibl">Il.1.40</span>, al.; 3sg. [[ἔκηε]] (ν) <span class="bibl">22.170</span>, <span class="bibl">24.34</span>, al.; unaugm. κῆεν <span class="bibl">21.349</span>; 3pl. [[ἔκηαν]] ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[ἔκειαν]]) <span class="bibl">Od.22.336</span>; imper. κεῖον <span class="bibl">21.176</span> codd.; 1pl. subj. κείομεν <span class="bibl">Il.7.333</span> (κατα-), <span class="bibl">377</span>, <span class="bibl">396</span> (better attested than [[κήομεν]]); opt. [[κήαι]], [[κήαιεν]], <span class="bibl">21.336</span>, <span class="bibl">24.38</span>; inf. κῆαι <span class="bibl">Od.15.97</span> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[κεῖαι]]), κατα-κῆαι <span class="bibl">10.533</span>, <span class="bibl">11.46</span>, [[κακκῆαι]] ib.<span class="bibl">74</span> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[κακκεῖαι]]); part. κείαντες <span class="bibl">9.231</span>, <span class="bibl">13.26</span>, Att. κέαντες <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>849</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>757</span>, (ἐκ-) <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Rh.</span>97</span>, ἐκκέας <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span>1133</span> (lyr.), ἐγκέαντι <span class="title">IG</span>12.374.96,261: pf. [[κέκαυκα]] (κατα-, προσ-) <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>6.5.37</span>, <span class="bibl">Alex.124.3</span>:—Med., aor. 1 [[ἐκαυσάμην]] (ἀν-) <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.202</span>, <span class="bibl">8.19</span>; Ep. [[κείαντο]], [[κειάμενοι]], <span class="bibl">Il.9.88</span>,<span class="bibl">234</span>; κειάμενος <span class="bibl">Od.16.2</span>, <span class="bibl">23.51</span>:—Pass., fut. καυθήσομαι <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Nat.Mul.</span>107</span>, (κατα-, ἐκ-) <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1505</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span> 362a</span>; late κᾰήσομαι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Cor.</span>3.15</span>: aor. 1 ἐκαύθην <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Epid.</span>4.4</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Int.</span> 28</span>, (κατ-) <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.19</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.74</span>; Ep. and Ion.aor. 2 [[ἐκάην]] [ᾰ] <span class="bibl">Il.9.212</span> (κατ-), <span class="bibl">Od.12.13</span>, (δί-) <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Loc.Hom.</span>40</span>, (κατ-) <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.180</span>; inf. καήμεναι Il.<abbr title="Illegible text in print source">†</abbr><span class="bibl">3.210</span>, καῆναι <span class="bibl">Parth.9.8</span>: pf. κέκαυμαι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>457</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.4.34</span>, etc., κέκαυσμαι <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Int.</span>28</span>; inf. κεκαῦσθαι <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mete.</span>343a9</span>. (From <b class="b3">κᾰϝ-</b>yw.) </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> [[kindle]], πυρὰ πολλά <span class="bibl">Il.9.77</span>; πῦρ κείαντες <span class="bibl">Od.9.231</span>; πῦρ κῆαι <span class="bibl">15.97</span>, etc.:—Med., <b class="b3">πῦρ κείαντο</b> [[they lighted them]] a fire, <span class="bibl">Il.9.88</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">234</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.16.2</span>:—Pass., to [[be lighted]], [[burn]], πυραὶ νεκύων καίοντο <span class="bibl">Il.1.52</span>; θεείου καιομένοιο <span class="bibl">8.135</span>; καιομένοιο πυρός <span class="bibl">19.376</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.86</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1372</span>, etc.; φῶς πυρὸς καόμενον <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>514b</span>; <b class="b3">αἱ φλόγες αἱ καιόμεναι… περὶ τὸν οὐρανόν</b> the meteors [[which blaze]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mete.</span>341b2</span>; of ore, to [[be smelted]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HA</span>552b10</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[set on fire]], [[burn]], [[μηρία]], [[ὀστέα]], <span class="bibl">Od.9.553</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>557</span>; νεκρούς <span class="bibl">Il.21.343</span>; [[δένδρεα]] ib. <span class="bibl">338</span>:—Pass., νηυσὶν καιομένῃσιν <span class="bibl">9.602</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[make hot]], of the sun, ἀνθρώπους <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.104</span>: abs., ibid., <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>413b</span>; ([[Χείμαρρος]]) ἠελίῳ κεκαυμένος [[smelted]], AP9.277 (Antiphil.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> of extreme cold, ἡ Χιὼν καίει τῶν κυνῶν τὰς ῥῖνας <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>8.2</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">6.26</span> (Pass.); κάειν λέγεται… τὸ ψυχρόν, οὐχ ὡς τὸ θερμόν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mete.</span>382b8</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> Pass., of fever-heat, τὰ ἐντὸς ἐκάετο <span class="bibl">Th.2.49</span>: metaph., of passion, especially of love, to [[be on fire]], ἐν φρασὶ καιομένα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.219</span>; κάομαι τὴν καρδίαν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>9</span>; ἔρως… ὕβρει καόμενος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>783a</span>; <b class="b3">καίεσθαί τινος</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[ἔρωτι]]) <span class="bibl">Hermesian.7.37</span>, <span class="bibl">Charito 4.6</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Parth.14.2</span>; also <b class="b3">καομένη Ἑλλάς</b> Greece [[being in a fever]] of excitement, <span class="bibl">Lys.33.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> [[suffer from inflammation]], ἐκαύθη ἔσω <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Epid.</span>4.20</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">4</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> [[burn and destroy]] (in war), <b class="b3">τέμνειν καὶ κ., κ. καὶ πορθεῖν</b>, [[waste with fire]] and sword, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>4.2.15</span>, <span class="bibl">6.5.27</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> of surgeons, [[cauterize]], ὤμους <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Art.</span>11</span>:—in Pass., <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aph.</span>6.60</span>: abs., <b class="b3">τέμνειν καὶ κάειν</b> [[to use]] knife and [[cautery]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>480c</span>,<span class="bibl">521e</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.8.18</span>, etc.: rarely reversed, κέαντες ἢ τεμόντες <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>849</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span> [[burn]] or [[bake]] pottery, [[κανθάρους]] dub. in <span class="bibl">Phryn.Com.15</span>.</span>

|elnltext=καίω Ion. en later voor κάω.

|sltr=[[καίω]] (med. &amp; [[pass]]. καιόμενος, -οιο; -ένα, -έναν: impf. ἐκαίοντ: aor. [[pass]]. καυθείσᾳ.) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b> [[burn]] <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> trans., [[pass]]. ὦρσεν πυρὶ καιόμενος ἐκ Δαναῶν [[γόον]] (''[[sc.]]'' [[Ἀχιλλεύς]]) (P. 3.102) γαίᾳ δὲ καυθείσᾳ πυρὶ [[καρπὸς]] ἐλαίας ἔμολεν Ἥρας τὸν εὐάνορα λαὸν ἐν ἀγγέων ἕρκεσιν παμποικίλοις in [[earthenware]] jars (N. 10.35) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> intrans., med. καιομένα δ' [[αὐτῷ]] διέφαινε [[πυρά]] (P. 3.44) καιομένοιο [[πυρός]] (P. 4.225) [[ἅμα]] δ' ἐκαίοντ ἐρῆμοι (''[[sc.]]'' Ἀφαρητίδαι, killed by [[Zeus]]' [[thunderbolt]]: δὲ κέοντ codd., corr. Boeckh) (N. 10.72) met., of [[passion]], αὐτὰν ἐν φρασὶ καιομέναν ''[[sc.]]'' Μήδειαν (P. 4.219)

|lsmtext='''καίω:''' αρχ. Αττ. κάω <i>[ᾱ]</i>, παρατ. <i>ἔκαιον</i>, αρχ. Αττ. <i>ἔκᾱον</i>, Επικ. <i>καῖον</i>· μέλ. [[καύσω]] και [[καύσομαι]], αόρ. αʹ [[ἔκαυσα]], Επικ. [[ἔκηα]] ή <i>ἔκεια</i> και [[χωρίς]] [[αύξηση]] <i>κῆα</i>, προστ. [[κῆον]], αʹ πληθ. υποτ. [[κήομεν]]· ευκτ. [[κήαι]], [[κήαιεν]]· απαρ. [[κῆαι]]· Αττ. μτχ. <i>κέας</i>, [[κέαντες]]· παρακ. <i>κέκαυκα</i> — Μέσ., αόρ. αʹ <i>ἐκαυσάμην</i>, Επικ. γʹ πληθ. <i>κήαντο</i> — Παθ., μέλ. βʹ <i>κᾰήσομαι</i>, αόρ. αʹ <i>ἐκαύθην</i>, αόρ. βʹ [[ἐκάην]] [ᾰ], Επικ. απαρ. [[καήμεναι]]· παρακ. [[κέκαυμαι]]·<br /><b class="num">I.</b> [[ανάβω]], [[βάζω]] [[φωτιά]], πυρὰ [[πολλά]], σε Ομήρ. Ιλ.· [[πῦρ]] [[κῆαι]], σε Ομήρ. Οδ. — Μέσ., [[πῦρ]] κήαντο, τους άναψαν [[φωτιά]], σε Όμηρ. — Παθ., καίγομαι, φλέγομαι, σε Ομήρ. Ιλ., Ηρόδ. κ.λπ.<br /><b class="num">II. 1.</b> [[βάζω]] [[φωτιά]], [[ανάβω]], [[καίω]] ολοσχερώς, [[πυρπολώ]], σε Όμηρ.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> [[καίω]], [[καψαλίζω]], [[κοκκινίζω]], [[ξηραίνω]], λέγεται για τον ήλιο, σε Ηρόδ.· επίσης λέγεται για υπερβολικό [[ψύχος]], το penetrabile [[frigus]] aduritτου Βιργ., σε Ξεν.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> Παθ., λέγεται για την [[θέρμη]] του πυρετού, φλέγομαι, σε Θουκ.· μεταφ., χρησιμοποιείται για το ερωτικό [[πάθος]], σε Πίνδ. κ.λπ.<br /><b class="num">III.</b> [[πυρπολώ]] και [[καταστρέφω]] (στον πόλεμο), <i>τέμνειν καὶκ</i>., <i>κ. καὶ πορθεῖν</i>, [[καταστρέφω]] και [[ερημώνω]] μέσω φωτιάς και ξίφους, σε Ξεν.<br /><b class="num">IV.</b> λέγεται για χειρουργούς, [[καυτηριάζω]], <i>τέμνειν καὶ κάειν</i>, [[χρησιμοποιώ]] [[νυστέρι]] και καυτηριασμό, σε Πλάτ., Ξεν.

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[kindle]], midd. pass. [[burn]] (Il.).<br />Other forms: Att. [[κάω]], aor. [[καῦσαι]], ep. (also Att. inscr. IG 12, 374, 96; 261) [[κῆαι]], pass. [[καῆναι]] (ep. ion.), [[καυθῆναι]], fut. [[καύσω]], perf. [[κέκαυκα]], <b class="b3">κέκαυ(σ)μαι</b> (IA.),<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. [[apu-kekaumeno]]; [[pukawo]] /[[purkawos]]/<br />Compounds: often with prefix, e. g. <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπο-</b>,<br />Derivatives: -1. [[καῦμα]] [[fire]], [[heat]], [[glow]] (Il.) with <b class="b3">καυματ-ώδης</b> (Hp., Arist.), <b class="b3">-ηρός</b> (Str.), <b class="b3">-ίας</b> (Thphr.; of the sun) [[burning]], [[glowing]], [[καυματίζω]] [[burn]], [[singe]] (NT, Plu., Arr.). - 2. [[καῦσις]] ([[ἔγκαυσις]] etc.) [[burning]] (IA.) with (<b class="b3">ἐγ-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-)καύσιμος</b> [[inflamable]] (Pl., X.; cf. Arbenz Die Adj. auf <b class="b3">-ιμος</b> 49f.). - 3. [[καῦσος]] m. [[causus]], [[bilious remittent fever etc.]] (Hp., Arist.), from [[καῦσαι]] or rather with <b class="b3">σο-</b>suffix (Solmsen Wortforsch. 244, Strömberg Wortstudien 87f., Schwyzer 516); from there [[καυσία]] [[Macedonian hat against the sun]], [[καύσων]] <b class="b2">id.</b>, also [[heat]], [[hot wind etc.]] (LXX, NT, medic.; cf. Leumann Sprache 1, 207 n. 13), [[καυσώδης]] [[burning]], [[hot]] (Hp., Thphr.), [[καυσόομαι]], <b class="b3">-όω</b> [[have causus]], [[burn: heaten]] (medic., NT, pap.) with [[καύσωμα]] [[heating]] (Gal.). - 4. <b class="b3">καυ(σ)τήρ</b> m. [[burner]], [[burning iron]] (Pi., Hp.), f. fen. [[καυστειρῆς]] adjunct of [[μάχης]] (Il.), [[καμίνου]] (Nic.), from <b class="b3">*καύστειρα</b> (Schwyzer 474, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 192; note the switching accent); [[καυτήριον]] [[branding iron]], [[brand]] (LXX, D. S., Str.), dimin. [[καυτηρίδιον]] (Gal.), denomin. verb [[καυτηριάζω]] [[brand]] (Str., NT). - 5. [[καύστης]] m. <b class="b2">heater etc.</b> (pap.). - 6. [[καύστρα]] f. [[place where corpses were burnt]] (Str., inscr.). - 7. [[καυστικός]], rare <b class="b3">καυτ-</b> [[burning]], [[inflamable]] (Arist.). - 8. [[καυθμός]] [[scorching (of trees)]], [[firewood]] (Thphr., pap.). - Of the compp., e. g. <b class="b3">ἔγκαυ-μα</b>, <b class="b3">-σις</b>, -(<b class="b3">σ)τής</b>, <b class="b3">-στήριον</b>, <b class="b3">-στον</b> (> Lat. [[encaustum]]; the red purple with which the Roman emperors signed, from where Fr. [[encre]]); <b class="b3">ὑπόκαυ-σις</b>, <b class="b3">-στης</b>, <b class="b3">-στήριον</b>, <b class="b3">-στρα</b> a. u. - Beside these formations there are older ones, of which the connection with [[καίω]] became less clear because of phonetic developments: [[κᾶλον]] [[wood]], [[κηλέος]] [[burning]], [[blazing]], [[κηώδης]], [[κηώεις]] [[smelling]], [[κηυα]] meaning uncertain; [[πυρκαι]]ά, [[πυρκαίη]], adj. <b class="b3">-ιός</b> s. vv.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [595] <b class="b2">*keh₂u-</b> [[burn]]<br />Etymology: As [[καίω]] may stand for <b class="b3">*κάϜ-ι̯ω</b> (from where Att. [[κάω]]; Schwyzer 265f.), all forms go back on <b class="b3">καυ-</b>, <b class="b3">καϜ-</b> except <b class="b3">ἔ-κη-α</b> for <b class="b3">*ἔ-κηϜ-α</b> (often written with false <b class="b3">-ει-</b> in [[κείαντο]] etc.; Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 9; Att. [[κέαντος]] with metathesis). In <b class="b3">*ἔ-κηϜ-α</b> an old fullgrade root aorist is maintained (Schwyzer 745; prob. not from <b class="b3">*ἔ-κηυ-σ-α</b>); the full grade also in ep. [[κηλέος]], [[κηώδης]], and in Delph. [[κηυα]], which shows a PGr. <b class="b3">κηϜ-</b> beside <b class="b3">καϜ-</b>. - Only Baltic gives a possible connection in Lith. <b class="b2">kū̃lės</b> [[Brandpilze]], [[Flugbrand]], [[Staubbrand des Getreides]], <b class="b2">kūlé̇ti</b> [[brandig werden]], Latv. <b class="b2">kũla</b> [[old]], [[dry]], [[grass of last year]] (cf. Fraenkel Wb. s. v.); IE. zero grade <b class="b2">kū-</b> (< <b class="b2">*kuH-</b>) beside fullgr. <b class="b2">*keh₂us-</b> in <b class="b3">ἔ-κηϜ-α</b>, zero grade <b class="b2">*kh₂u̯-</b> in <b class="b3">*κάϜ-ι̯ω</b>, <b class="b3">καῦ-μα</b>. Of course rather unncertain.

|sngr='''原文音譯'''：ka⋯w 開哦<br />'''詞類次數'''：動詞（12）<br />'''原文字根'''：燃燒 相當於： （[[שָׂרַף]]&#x200E;）<br />'''字義溯源'''：燒*，燒著，點著，點（火），焰，火熱，燃起，焚燒。參讀 （[[ἀνάπτω]]）同義字<br />'''同源字'''：1） （[[ἐκκαίω]]）強烈的著火 2） （[[καίω]]）燒 3） （[[κατακαίω]]）焚毀 4） （[[καῦμα]]）燒傷 5） （[[καυματίζω]] / [[καυματόω]]）燃燒 6） （[[καῦσις]]）在燃燒 7） （[[καυσόω]]）放火燒 8） （[[καύσων]]）強烈閃光 9） （[[καυστηριάζω]] / [[καυτηριάζω]]）打烙印 10） （[[ὁλοκαύτωμα]]）完全燒盡的祭物<br />'''出現次數'''：總共（12）；太（1）；路（2）；約（2）；林前（1）；來（1）；啓（5）<br />'''譯字彙編'''：<br />1） 燒著的（3） 來12:18； 啓8:8； 啓8:10；<br />2） 點著（3） 路12:35； 約5:35； 啓4:5；<br />3） 燒著（2） 啓19:20； 啓21:8；<br />4） 被焚燒（1） 林前13:3；<br />5） 燒了（1） 約15:6；<br />6） 火熱的（1） 路24:32；<br />7） 人點（1） 太5:15

|esmgtx=1 [[quemar]] sustancias para hacer tinta ταῦτα καύσας ποίει (τὸ μελάνιον) καὶ γράφε <b class="b3">tras quemar esto, haz la tinta y escribe</b> P I 246 πεντεδάκτυλον βοτάνην καὶ ἀρτεμισίαν καύσας ἁγνῶς λειοτρίβησον καὶ χρῶ <b class="b3">tras quemar sagradamente cincoenrama y artemisa, machácalo y úsalo</b> P II 35 μέλαν· μίλτου καὶ ζμύρνης κεκαυμένης καὶ ὠμῆς χυλὸς ἀρτεμισίας <b class="b3">tinta: con minio, mirra quemada y jugo de artemisa cruda</b> P IV 2143 λαβὼν βοτάνην χελκβει καὶ βούγλωσσον ὕλισον καὶ τὰ ἐκπιάσματα καῦσον <b class="b3">toma chelkbei y buglosa, májalos y quema el líquido que resulte</b> P V 71 2 [[encender]] una lámpara κάε δὲ αὐτῷ λύχνον ἀμίλτωτον <b class="b3">enciende en su honor una lámpara no pintada de rojo</b> P IV 2372 καιέσθω σησαμίνῳ ἐλαίῳ τὸ λύχνον <b class="b3">la lámpara ha de encenderse con aceite de sésamo</b> P VIII 88