ἄνωγα: Difference between revisions

|Definition=old Ep. pf. with pres. sense: <b class="b3">ἄνωγα, -ας, -ε</b>, without augm., Il. and Trag., <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.81</span>; 1pl. ἄνωγμεν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Ap.</span>528</span>: imper. ἄνώγε <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>119</span>, more freq. ἄνωχθι <span class="bibl">Il.23.158</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>772</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>1044</span>; 3sg. ἀνωγέτω <span class="bibl">Od.2.195</span>, ἀνώχθω <span class="bibl">Il.11.189</span>; 2pl. ἀνώγετε <span class="bibl">Od.23.132</span>, ἄνωχθε <span class="bibl">22.437</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Rh.</span>987</span>; subj. ἀνώγῃ <span class="bibl">Il.7.74</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.104</span>, ἀνώγωμεν <span class="bibl">Herod.3.31</span>; inf. ἀνωγέμεν <span class="bibl">Il.13.56</span>; part. ἀνώγουσα <span class="bibl">Herod.7.101</span>: plpf. withimpf. sense, 3sg. ἠνώγει <span class="bibl">Il.6.170</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1598</span>; withoutaugm. ἀνώγει <span class="bibl">Od.2.385</span>; Ion. [[ἠνώγεα]] ib.<span class="bibl">9.44</span>, <span class="bibl">17.55</span>:—but [[ἀνώγει]] in <span class="bibl">Il.6.439</span>, <span class="bibl">19.102</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.5.139</span>,<span class="bibl">357</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes. <span class="title">Th.</span>549</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.104</span> is pres, in sense, and must be referred to pres. ἀνώγω (unless corrected to [[ἄνωγεν]]); also 2dual ἀνώγετον <span class="bibl">Il.4.287</span>, and (later) 2sg. ἀνώγεις <span class="bibl">Q.S.13.238</span>:— from this pres. are formed impf. ἤνωγον <span class="bibl">Il.9.578</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.14.237</span>, or ἄνωγον <span class="bibl">Il.5.805</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.3.35</span>, etc.; ἤνωγες <span class="bibl">Maiist.17</span>; ἤνωγε <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Cer.</span>297</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>68</span>; 3pl. ἄνωγον <span class="title">Inscr.Cypr.</span>135 H.: fut. ἀνώξω <span class="bibl">Od.16.404</span>: aor. ἤνωξα <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>479</span>; subj. [[ἀνώξομεν]], Ep. for <b class="b3">-ωμεν</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.15.295</span>; inf. ἀνῶξαι <span class="bibl">Od.10.531</span>. <span class="bibl">Il.7.394</span>, the impf. [[ἠνώγεον]] implies pres. [[ἀνωγέω]]:—Pass., <b class="b3">ἄνωκται· κελεύεται</b>, Hsch.:—poet. and Ion. Verb, also in Cypr., <span class="title">Inscr.Cypr.</span> [[l.c.]], [[command]], [[order]], especially of kings and masters, <span class="bibl">Il.5.899</span>, etc.; also of equals and inferiors, [[advise]], [[urge]], <span class="bibl">16.8</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.2.195</span>, etc.: constr. c. acc. pers. et inf., <b class="b3">σιωπᾶν λαὸν ἀνώγει</b> [[bade]] the people keep silence, <span class="bibl">Il.2.280</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">4.287</span>, etc.; πατὴρ ἄνωγέ σ' . . αὐδᾶν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>947</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1037</span>, etc.; πράσσειν ἄνωγας οὖν με . . τάδε; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span> 1247</span>; <b class="b3">σιγᾶν ἄνωγα</b> (''[[sc.]]'' σε) <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">El.</span>1458</span>: in Hom. also c. dat. pers., <span class="bibl">Od.10.531</span>, <span class="bibl">20.139</span> sq., cf. <span class="bibl">A.R.1.693</span>: c. acc. pers. only, <b class="b3">θυμὸς ἄνωγέ με</b> my spirit [[bids]], [[prompts]] me, freq. in Hom.: abs., ἐποτρύνει καὶ ἀνώγει <span class="bibl">Il.15.43</span>; κέλομαι καὶ ἄνωγα <span class="bibl">Od.3.317</span>.

|dgtxt=<b class="num">• Morfología:</b> [perf. ind. 2.^a sg. ἀνώγεις Q.S.13.238, 3.^a ἀνώγει <i>Il</i>.6.439, 19.102, <i>Od</i>.5.139, 357, Hes.<i>Th</i>.549, Hdt.7.104, ἄνωγεν <i>Il</i>.6.444, 1.^a plu. ἄνωγμεν <i>h.Ap</i>.328, du. ἀνώγετον <i>Il</i>.4.287, imperat. ἄνωγε E.<i>Or</i>.119, más frec. [[ἄνωχθι]] <i>Il</i>.23.158, A.<i>Ch</i>.772, E.<i>Alc</i>.1044, ἀνωγέτω <i>Od</i>.2.195, ἀνώγετε <i>Od</i>.23.132, [[ἀνώχθω]] <i>Il</i>.11.189, [[ἄνωχθε]] <i>Od</i>.22.437, E.<i>Rh</i>.987, subj. ἀνώγῃ <i>Il</i>.9.101, Hdt.7.104, ἀνώγωμεν Herod.3.31, inf. ἀνωγέμεν <i>Il</i>.13.56, part. ἀνώγων Lyc.572, ἀνώγουσα Herod.7.101, plusperf. 1.^a sg. ἤνωγον <i>Il</i>.9.578, <i>Od</i>.14.237, ἄνωγον <i>Il</i>.5.805, ἠνώγειν <i>Il</i>.6.170, S.<i>OC</i> 1598, ἠνώγεα <i>Od</i>.9.44, 17.55, 2.^a sg. ἤνωγες Maiist.17, 3.^a sg. ἤνωγε <i>h.Cer</i>.297, Hes.<i>Op</i>.68, ἠνώγει <i>Il</i>.6.170, 3.^a plu. ἄνωγον <i>Od</i>.3.35, <i>IChS</i> 217.2 (Idalion V a.C.), ἠνώγεον <i>Il</i>.7.394, 2.^a du. ἀνώγετον <i>Il</i>.4.287; fut. [[ἀνώξω]] <i>Od</i>.16.404; aor. ind. ἤνωξα Hes.<i>Sc</i>.479, inf. ἀνῶξαι <i>Od</i>.10.531; v. med. pres. ind. ἄνωκται Hsch.]<br />[[ordenar]], [[exhortar]], [[impulsar]] c. ac. e inf. Παιήον' ἀνώγειν ἰήσασθαι <i>Il</i>.5.899, λαοὺς δ' Ἀτρεΐδης ἀπολυμαίνεσθαι ἄνωγεν <i>Il</i>.1.313, δαίνυσθαί μιν ἄνωγον <i>Il</i>.5.805, σιωπᾶν λαὸν ἀνώγει <i>Il</i>.2.280, λαὸν ἀνώγετον ... μάχεσθαι <i>Il</i>.4.287, ἐς μὲν Μενέλαον ... [[ἄνωγα]] ἐλθεῖν <i>Od</i>.3.317, μητέρ' ἑὴν ... ἀνωγέτω ἀπονέεσθαι <i>Od</i>.2.195, μ' ἀνώγει θωρήσσεσθαι <i>Od</i>.12.227, ἅ σε φράζεσθαι [[ἄνωγα]] Hes.<i>Op</i>.367, 403, cf. Parm.B 6.2, A.R.1.693, ἄνωγε [[γάρ]] σε ἐρευνᾶν A.<i>Pr</i>.1037, πράσσειν ἄνωγας ... με ... τάδε; S.<i>Tr</i>.1247, πρευμενῆ δ' ἄνωγέ νιν ... γνώμην ἔχειν E.<i>Or</i>.119<br /><b class="num">•</b>c. dat. e inf. ἑτάροισιν ἐποτρῦναι καὶ ἀνῶξαι <i>Od</i>.10.531, ἄνωγεν ὑποστορέσαι δμῳῇσιν <i>Od</i>.20.139<br /><b class="num">•</b>c. inf. ἀνελέσθαι ἀνώγει <i>Il</i>.16.8, πιέειν ὅτε θυμὸς ἀνώγοι <i>Il</i>.4.263, σιγᾶν [[ἄνωγα]] S.<i>El</i>.1458, μίμνειν ἀνώγων Lyc.572<br /><b class="num">•</b>c. doble ac. τά με θυμὸς ... ἀνώγει <i>Il</i>.19.102<br /><b class="num">•</b>sólo c. ac. de pers. αὐτὸν θυμὸς ἐποτρύνει καὶ ἀνώγει <i>Il</i>.15.43, τῶν δ' ἄλλων ὅντινα κραδίη καὶ θυμὸς ἀνώγει <i>Od</i>.15.395.<br /><b class="num">• Etimología:</b> Comp. de [[ἀνά]] y *<i>ōg</i>-, forma c. vocalismo /o/ de la raiz *<i>eH1g</i>- ‘[[decir]]’. Debe su timbre /o/ a la analogía de otros perf., cf. ai. <i>āha</i>. Las formas c. *<i>ēg</i> proceden foneticamente del grado pleno de *<i>eH1g</i>-, cf. gr. [[ἦ]] < *<i>ēgt</i>. Del grado ø *<i>H1g</i>- tenemos lat. <i>[[aio]]</i>, arm. <i>asem</i>.

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-0267.png Seite 267]] altes poet. perf. mit Präsens-Bdtg; bei Hom. finden sich folgende hierher gehörige Formen: [[ἄνωγα]] Od. 1. 269, ἄνωγας Iliad. 14, 262, ἄνωγεν 6, 444, plusqpft. [[ἠνώγεα]] Od. 9, 44. 10, 263. 17, 55 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] ἤνωγσν), 3. pers. ἠνώγειν Od. 12, 160 Iliad. 7, 394, ἠνώγει 7, 386, ἀνώγει 2, 280 Od. 12, 158; daneben wie von [[ἀνώγω]] praes. ἀνώγει Iliad. 6, 439, ἀνώγετον 4, 287, impft. 3. plur. ἤνωγον 9, 578, 1. sing. ἄνωγον 5, 805, ἄνωγεν 1, 313, 3. plur. ἄνωγον Od. 3, 35; conj. ἀνώγῃ Iliad. 15, 148, optat. ἀνώγοιμι 19, 206, ἀνώγοι 4, 263, ἀνώγοιτε Od. 11, 356, imperat. [[ἄνωχθι]] Iliad. 11, 204, ἀνώχθω 11, 189, ἄνωχθε Od. 22, 437, ἀνωγέτω Od. 2, 195, ἀνώγετε 23, 132, infin. ἀνωγέμεν Iliad. 13, 56; fut. [[ἀνώξω]] Od. 16, 404, fut. oder conj. aor. ἀνώξομεν Iliad. 15, 295, inf. aor. ἀνῶξαι Od. 10, 531; 1 plur. pft. ἄνωγμεν Hom. h. Apoll. 528, imperat. ἄνωγε Eur. Or. 119, impft. ἤνωγε Hom. h. Cer. 298 Hes. O. 68, aor. ἤνωξε Hes. Sc. 479. Die Bedtg ist: ich befehle, treibe an; sowohl von Königen u. Gebietern, als auch von Freunden u. Untergeordneten, Einen auffordern etwas zu thun; häufig θυμὸς ἄνωγέ με, mein Gemüth treibt mich an, ich habe Lust etwas zu thun. Oft vrbdn mit [[ἐποτρύνω]] u. [[κέλομαι]]. Die gewöhnliche Constr. ist der accus. c. inf.; der dat. der Person findet sich Od. 10, 531. 20, 139 Ap. Rh. 1, 693. 4, 100. Die Tragg. haben stets den acc., Aesch. Prom. 949 u. öfter; Soph. Trach. 1243. In Att. Prosa kommt das Wort nicht vor; Her. 7, 104 ποιεῦσι γῶν τὰ ἂν [[ἐκεῖνος]] ἀνώγη· ανώγει δὲ τὠυτὸ [[αἰεί]]; 3, 81 ἐς τὸ [[πλῆθος]] ἄνωγε φέρειν τὸ [[κράτος]]. Die Ableitung ist dunkel, man hat an ἄνω, [[ἀνάσσω]], [[ἄγχω]] gedacht; wahrscheinl. compos.

|lsmtext='''ἄνωγα:''' παρακ. με ενεστ. [[σημασία]], αʹ πληθ. [[ἄνωγμεν]]· προστ. <i>ἄνωγε</i> ή [[ἄνωχθι]], γʹ ενικ. <i>ἀνωγέτω</i> ή [[ἀνώχθω]]· βʹ πληθ. <i>ἀνώγετε</i> ή [[ἄνωχθε]]· γʹ ενικ. υποτ. <i>ἀνώγῃ</i>· απαρ. [[ἀνωγέμεν]]· υπερσ. με σημ. παρατ. <i>ἠνώγειν</i> και [[χωρίς]] αύξ. <i>ἀνώγειν</i>, Ιων. [[ἠνώγεα]]· [[αλλά]] στον Όμηρ. παρουσιάζεται στα περισσότερα [[σημεία]] ο [[τύπος]] [[ἀνώγει]], από το [[ἀνώγω]], από το οποίο προήλθε επίσης ο βʹ [[δυϊκός]] <i>ἀνώγετον</i>, παρατ. <i>ἤνωγον</i> ή [[ἄνωγον]], μέλ. [[ἀνώξω]], αόρ. αʹ [[ἤνωξα]], υποτ. <i>ἀνώζομεν</i>, Επικ. αντί <i>-ωμεν</i>· [[τέλος]] ο παρατ. <i>ἠνώγεον</i> υποδηλώνει άλλον ενεστ. <i>ἀνωγέω</i>· [[προστάζω]], [[διατάζω]], επίσης [[συμβουλεύω]], [[επιθυμώ]], ωθώ, [[παροτρύνω]]· με αιτ. προσ. και απαρ., σιωπᾶν λαὸν [[ἀνώγει]], πρόσταξε το λαό να σωπάσει, σε Ομήρ. Ιλ.· επίσης με δοτ. προσ., σε Ομήρ. Οδ.· με αιτ. προσ. [[χωρίς]] απαρ., <i>θυμὸς ἄνωγέ με</i>, η [[ψυχή]] μου με παρακινεί, σε Όμηρ. (αμφίβ. προέλ.).

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[command]], [[order]] (Il.),<br />Other forms: perf. with present meaning, ppf. [[ἠνώγεα]]; sec. pres. [[ἀνώγω]], aor. <b class="b3">-ξα</b> (Schwyzer 767d: [[α]]).<br />Dialectal forms: Achaean, s. Ruijgh Élém. ach. 128ff.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [290] <b class="b2">*h₁eǵ-</b> [[say]], <b class="b2">*h₂eǵ-</b>?<br />Etymology: From <b class="b3">ἄν-ωγα</b> [[proclaim loudly]] (< <b class="b2">*-h₁e-h₁og</b>-́) ablauting with [[ἦ]] [[he said]] ( <b class="b2">*h₁e-h₁eǵ-t</b>). Further Lat. [[aio]] (< <b class="b2">*aǵ-i̯ō</b>, prob. from <b class="b2">*h₁ǵ-</b>, but the development remains difficult; Schrijver Larr. Lat. index), [[adagio]] [[proverbium]]; Arm. [[ar-ac]] [[proverbium]], pres. [[asem]] [[say]] ([[s]] < <b class="b2">ḱ</b>); Arm. [[a-]] < [[h₁-]] before cons. would be regular. Cf. [[ἠμί]]. Hackstein, Unters. 332-4, assumes [[h₂-]] because of Toch. B <b class="b2">akṣäṃ</b> (but connection with [[ἄζω]] is improbable).