σόφισμα: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ατος, τό, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[acquired skill]], [[method]], in medicine, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Loc.Hom.</span>41</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[clever device]], [[ingenious contrivance]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>13.17</span> (pl.); σ. [[μηχανᾶσθαι]] <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.85</span>; <b class="b3">σ. καὶ μηχαναί</b> ib.<span class="bibl">152</span>; ἀριθμὸν ἔξοχον σοφισμάτων <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>459</span>; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἔχω σόφισμα ὅτῳ . . πημονῆς ἀπαλλαγῶ</b> ib.<span class="bibl">470</span>; <b class="b3">μὴ . . κἀκχέω τὸ πᾶν σόφισμα</b> <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>14</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ Θεσσαλὸν σόφισμα</b> a [[trick]] in [[fighting]], v. [[Θεσσαλός]]; πολλαῖσι μορφαῖς οἱ θεοὶ σοφισμάτων σφάλλουσιν [[ἡμᾶς]] <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>972</span>; <b class="b3">τέχναι . . καὶ σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>160</span>; τὸ γὰρ σόφισμα δημοτικόν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Nu.</span>205</span>; πρὸς μὲν Σωκράτη . . τὸ σ. μοι οὐδέν <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Smp.</span>214a</span>; τὸ σ. τὸ τοῦ δρεπάνου <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">La.</span>183d</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> in less good sense, [[sly trick]], [[artifice]], [[δίκην]] δοῦναι σ. κακῶν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>489</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Hec.</span>258</span>; <b class="b3">ἐφ' ἡμᾶς ταὐτὰ παρόντα σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Th.6.77</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.35.2</span>; [[stage-trick]], [[claptrap]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>17</span>, <span class="bibl">872</span>, <span class="bibl">1104</span>; of [[trick]]s in [[government]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1297a35</span>, <span class="bibl">1308a2</span>; in cookery, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Hier.</span>1.23</span> (pl.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[captious argument]], [[quibble]], [[sophism]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>496a</span>, <span class="bibl">D.25.18</span>, <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Nat.</span>28.9</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">περὶ σοφισμάτων</b>, title of work by [[Chrysippus]]; σόφισμα τῆς ῥητορικῆς Longin.17.2; opp. a true logical argument (φιλοσόφημα, ἐπιχείρημα), <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Top.</span>162a16</span>:— Ar. calls a person <b class="b3">σόφισμ' ὅλον</b>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Av.</span>431</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">Ath.1.11b</span>.</span>