κυβερνάω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[steer]], νῆα κυβερνῆσαι <span class="bibl">Od.3.283</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>12.3</span> (Pass.), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>298e</span>, etc.: abs., [[act as helmsman]], αὐτὸς ἑαυτῷ <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>544</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[drive]], κ. ἅρματα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Thg.</span>123c</span>; τὸν δρόμον τῶν Ἵππων <span class="bibl">Hdn.7.9.6</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> metaph., [[guide]], [[govern]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>5.122</span>, <span class="bibl">Antipho 1.13</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthd.</span>291d</span>, etc.; τὴν δίκην ὀρθῇ γνώμῃ κυβερνᾶτε <span class="bibl">Herod.2.100</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[act as pilot]], i.e. perform certain rites, in the Ship of Isis, <span class="title">IGRom.</span>1.817 (Callipolis). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> Med., = Act., κυβερνωμένης τῆς διανοίας <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pr.</span>964b17</span>; ὁ κυβερνώμενος μουσικῇ <span class="bibl">Marcellin.<span class="title">Vit. Thuc.</span>49</span>:—Pass., σῇ κυβερνῶμαι χερί <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>35</span>; μιᾷ γνώμῃ τῇ Κύρου ἐκυβερνᾶτο <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.8.1</span>; ἡ ἰατρικὴ… διὰ τοῦ θεοῦ τούτου κυβερνᾶται <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>187a</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>590d</span>, <span class="bibl">Antiph.40.8</span>, etc.; cf. [[κυμερῆναι]].</span>

|elnltext=κυβερνάω van schepen en wagens besturen. uitbr. besturen, leiden, beheersen, regeren:; γνώμην, ὁτέη ἐκυβέρνησε πάντα het inzicht, dat alles bestuurt Heracl. B 41; ook met gen.: κυβερνᾶν θεῶν τε καὶ ἀνθρώπων de leiding hebben over goden en mensen Plat. Smp. 197b.

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[steer]], metaph. [[govern]], [[rule]] ( γ 283)<br />Other forms: aor. [[κυβερνῆσαι]], Cypr. inf. [[κυμερῆναι]]; Aeol. [[κυμερνήτης]]<br />Compounds: also with prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">δια-</b>.<br />Derivatives: [[κυβερνητήρ]], Dor. <b class="b3">-ατήρ</b> m. [[cocxwain]] (θ 557, Pi.) with f. <b class="b3">-ήτειρα</b> (AP, Nonn.) and <b class="b3">-ητήριος</b> (Orac. ap. Plu.); [[κυβερνήτης]] (Aeol. [[κυμερνήτης]] [<b class="b3">-άτας</b>] after EM 543, 3) <b class="b2">id.</b> (Il.) with f. <b class="b3">-ῆτις</b> (pap.) and <b class="b3">-ήσια</b> n. pl. [[festival in memory of the steersmen of Theseus]], [[Athens]] (Plu.); [[κυβέρνησις]], <b class="b3">-ασις</b> [[steering]], [[government]] (Pi., Pl.); [[κυβερνητικός]] [[belonging to]], [[apt to steering]] (Pl.); [[κυβερνισμός]] = [[κυβέρνησις]] (Aq.).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: Given Cypr. [[κυμερῆναι]] the form [[κυβερνάω]] might be due to dissimilation <b class="b3">μ-ν</b> > <b class="b3">β-ν</b> (Lejeune Traite de phon. 131). Thus Neumann KZ 100 (1987) 64-69, HS 105 (1992) 188 and Kadmos 13 (1974) 146-155. "aber das Wort bleibt sowieso isoliert." (Frisk). The comparison with Skt. <b class="b2">kūbara-</b>, <b class="b2">-rī́</b> [[pole]] and with Lith. [[kumbras]] [[grip on the steering oar]], [[kumbryti]] [[steer]] is to be given up, s. Mayrhofer KEWA s. v. and Fraenkel Wb. s. <b class="b2">kumbrỹs</b>. So foreign origin is probable, s. Fohalle Mél. Vendryes 157ff., Kretschmer Glotta 16, 166, Hermann Gött. Nachr. 1943, 2 f., Schwyzer 62, Chantraine Ét. sur le vocab. grec. 11. Further Bq. The group <b class="b3">-ρν-</b> is typical for non-IE material. - From [[κυβερνάω]] as LW [loanword] Lat. [[gubernō]], s. W.-Hofmann s. v. Beekes xx Neumann