σάφα: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[σᾰ], poet. Adv. of [[σαφής]], [[clearly]], [[plainly]], [[assuredly]], in Hom. esp. with Verbs of knowing, most freq. <b class="b3">σάφα οἶδα, σάφα εἰδώς</b>, etc., like [[εὖ οἶδα]], εὖ εἰδώς, etc., to know [[assuredly]], [[of a surety]], followed by interrog., <span class="bibl">Il.2.192</span>, <span class="bibl">252</span>, al.; by [[εἰ]], <span class="bibl">5.183</span>; c. acc. and interrog. clause, <span class="bibl">Od.17.373</span>; abs., <span class="bibl">2.108</span>; c. gen., ὃς σάφα θυμῷ εἰδείη τεράων <span class="bibl">Il.12.228</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.1.202</span>; c. inf., <span class="bibl">Il.15.632</span>; freq. in Trag., <b class="b3">σάφ' οἶδα, σάφ' ἴσθι</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>740</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pers.</span>337</span>, etc.; Com., σάφ' ἴσθι ὅτι <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Pl.</span>889</span>; less freq. in Prose, <span class="bibl">Antipho 6.18</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>4.5.21</span>; also ἐπιστάμεναι σ. θυμῷ <span class="bibl">Od.4.730</span>; σ. ἐπίστασθαι <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Art.</span>64</span>; σ. δαείς <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span> 7.91</span>: also with Verbs of speaking, [[clearly]] or [[with certainty]], σ. εἰπεῖν <span class="bibl">Od.2.31</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>8.46</span>; σ. φράζειν <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Acut.</span>3</span>; μυθήσασθαι <span class="bibl">Theoc.25.198</span>; <b class="b3">σ. εἰπεῖν</b> speak [[truly]], opp. [[ψεύδεσθαι]], <span class="bibl">Il.4.404</span>.

|elnltext=σάφᾰ [σαφής] adv., duidelijk, met zekerheid:. οὐδέ τί πω σάφα ἴδμεν ὅπως... en wij weten nog absoluut niet hoe … Il. 2.252; μὴ ψεύδε’ ἐπιστάμενος σάφα εἰπεῖν vertel geen leugens terwijl je het precies weet Il. 4.404.

|etymtx=Grammatical information: Adv.<br />Meaning: [[surely]], [[certainly]], [[definitely]], esp. with <b class="b3">οῖ᾽δα</b>, also w. other verbs of ḳnowing and saying (Il.).<br />Derivatives: Besides [[σαφής]] adj. [[sure]], [[definite]], [[apparent]], [[clear]], [[evident]] (Pi., A.; <b class="b3">σαφές</b> h. Merc.; s. bel.) with adv. [[σαφέως]], [[σαφῶς]] <b class="b2">id.</b> (h. Cer.). Expressive enlargement <b class="b3">σαφ-ηνής</b>, Dor. <b class="b3">-ανής</b>, adv. <b class="b3">-ηνέως</b> (Pi., trag.; adv. also Hdt.), after <b class="b3">ἀπ-</b>, <b class="b3">προσ-ηνής</b> a. o. (to be rejected Prellwitz Glotta 19, 95ff.), with <b class="b3">σαφήν-εια</b> f. [[clarity]], [[clearness]] (Att. since A., Alcmaion; opposite [[ἀσάφεια]] from <b class="b3">ἀ-σαφής</b>), <b class="b3">-ίζω</b> [[to make clear]], [[to explain]] (IA.) with <b class="b3">-ισμός</b>, <b class="b3">-ιστικός</b> (late). -- Quite doubtful <b class="b3">σαφήτωρ μάντις ἀληθής</b>, [[μηνυτής]], [[ἑρμηνευτής]] H., as if from <b class="b3">*σαφέω</b> ([[διασαφέω]] since E.); certainly only arisen from a [[varia lectio|v.l.]] Ι 404 (for [[ἀφήτωρ]]).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]; PGX [probably a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: Of the above words the earliest attested adv. [[σάφα]] (on the formation Schwyzer 622) seems to be the oldest; from this [[σαφέως]] (as [[τάχα]]: [[ταχέως]]), the ntr. [[σαφές]] (<b class="b3">σαφες δ</b>' <b class="b3">οὑκ οῖ᾽δα</b> h.Merc. 208) with [[σαφέστερον]], and to this at last [[σαφής]] (Leumann Hom. Wörter 112 n. 77). -- Unexplained. Often analysed as in <b class="b3">σα-φής</b> with the 2. member of [[φάος]], [[φαίνω]]; before this <b class="b3">σα-</b> as strengthening element, and this either with Prellwitz BB 22, 81 ff. to [[σάος]] (<b class="b2">*tuh₂-</b>; s. [[σῶς]] and [[τύλη]]) or with Brugmann IF 39, 114ff. to [[τίς]] (<b class="b2">*kʷih₂-</b>); prop. exclamation; cf. [[Σίσυφος]] and [[σοφός]]. Against this after Grošelj Živa Ant. 1, 127 to Ion. [[σάω]] [[sieve]] (s. [[διαττάω]] and [[σήθω]]), so prop. *'sieved'; <b class="b3">-φα</b> as in [[μέσφα]]. Older proposals in Bq and W.-Hofmann s. [[faber]], [[sapiō]] and [[tabula]]. -- Estensively on [[σάφα]] Luther "Wahrheit" u. "Lüge" 61 ff.; s. also Frisk GHÅ 41 (1935): 3, 20 (Kl. Schr. [Göteborg 1966] 18). -- Furnée suggests several connections, which are not evident (index s.v.); he concludes to Pre-Greek.

|ftr='''σάφα''': [[σαφής]] {sápha}<br />'''Grammar''': Adv.<br />'''Meaning''': [[bestimmt]], [[sicher]], [[zuverlässig]], bes. mit οἰδα, auch m. anderen Verba des Wissens und des Sagens (vorw. ep. poet. seit Il.).<br />'''Derivative''': Daneben [[σαφής]] Adj. [[bestimmt]], [[zuverlässig]], [[offenbar]], [[deutlich]], [[klar]] (seit Pi. u. A.; σαφες seit ''h.'' ''Merc.;'' s. u.) mit Adv. [[σαφέως]], [[σαφῶς]] ib. (seit ''h''. ''Cer''.). Expressive Erweiterung [[σαφηνής]], dor. -ανής, Adv. -ηνέως (Pi., Trag.; Adv. auch Hdt.), nach ἀπ-, [[προσηνής]] u. a. (abzulehnen Prellwitz Glotta 19, 95ff.), mit [[σαφήνεια]] f. [[Deutlichkeit]], [[Klarheit]] (att. seit A., Alkmaion; Gegensatz [[ἀσάφεια]] von [[ἀσαφής]]), -ίζω [[klar machen]], [[erklären]] (ion. att.) mit -ισμός, -ιστικός (sp.). — Ganz fraglich [[σαφήτωρ]]· [[μάντις]] [[ἀληθής]], [[μηνυτής]], [[ἑρμηνευτής]] H., wie von *[[σαφέω]] ([[διασαφέω]] seit E.); gewiß nur aus einer [[varia lectio|v.l.]] Ι 404 (für [[ἀφήτωρ]]) entstanden.<br />'''Etymology''': Von den obigen Wörtern scheint das am frühesten belegte Adv. [[σάφα]] (zur Bildung Schwyzer 622) das älteste zu sein; davon der Reihe nach [[σαφέως]] (wie [[τάχα]]: [[ταχέως]]), das Ntr. σαφές (σαφὲς δ’ [[οὐκ]] οἰδα ''h''.''Merc''. 208) mit σαφέστερον, wozu endlich [[σαφής]] (Leumann Hom. Wörter 112 A. 77). — Unerklärt. Oft in [[σαφής]] zerlegt mit dem angeblichen Hinterglied zu [[φάος]], [[φαίνω]]; davor σα- als verstärkendes Element, u. zw. entweder mit Prellwitz BB 22, 81 ff. zu [[σάος]] (*''tu̯ə''-; s. [[σῶς]] und [[τύλη]]) oder mit Brugmann IF 39, 114ff. zu [[τίς]] (*''qʷi̯ə''-); eig. Ausruf; vgl. [[Σίσυφος]] und [[σοφός]]. Dagegen nach Grošelj Živa Ant. 1, 127 zu ion. [[σάω]] [[sieben]] (s. [[διαττάω]] und [[σήθω]]), somit eig. *’gesiebt’; -φα wie in [[μέσφα]]. Altere Vorschläge bei Bq und W.-Hofmann s. ''faber'', ''sapiō'' und ''tabula''. — Ausführlich über [[σάφα]] Luther "Wahrheit" u. "Lüge" 61 ff.; s. auch Frisk GHÅ 41 (1935): 3, 20 (Kl. Schr. [Göteborg 1966] 18).<br />'''Page''' 2,684