ἰοχέαιρα: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ἡ, ([[ἰός]] A) <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[arrow-pourer]], [[shooter of arrows]], [[epithet]] of Artemis, <span class="bibl">Il.5.53</span>, etc.; ἰ. παρθένος <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>2.9</span>: as [[substantive]], Ἰοχέαιρα <span class="bibl">Il.21.480</span>, <span class="bibl">Od. 11.198</span>, <span class="title">Schwyzer</span> 758 (vi B.C.), <span class="title">IG</span>14.1389i53; later ἰ. φαρέτρα <span class="title">AP</span> 6.9 (Mnasalc.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> ([[ἰός]] B) [[poison-shedding]], of serpents, Nic.<span class="title">Fr.</span> 33. (<b class="b3">-χέϝαιρα</b> from [[χέω]], not as expld. by Apollon.Lex. etc. from [[χαίρω]].) [ῑ as in [[ἰός]]: yet ῐ in Pi.l.c.]</span>

|mltxt=<b>(I)</b><br />[[ἰοχέαιρα]], ἡ (Α)<br /><b>1.</b> (επίθ. της Αρτέμιδος) αυτή που εκτοξεύει βέλη, η τοξεύτρια («[[ἰοχέαιρα]] [[παρθένος]]», <b>Πίνδ.</b>)<br /><b>2.</b> <b>ως κύρ. όν.</b> <i>ἡ Ἰοχέαιρα</i><br />η Άρτεμις<br /><b>3.</b> αργότ. και επίθ. της φαρέτρας) αυτή που εκχύνει τα βέλη («[[ἰοχέαιρα]] [[φαρέτρα]]», <b>Ανθ. Παλ.</b>).<br />[<b><span style="color: brown;">ΕΤΥΜΟΛ.</span></b> <span style="color: red;"><</span> <i>ἰός</i> (ΙΙ) <span style="color: red;">+</span> -<i>χέαιρα</i>. Το β' συνθετικό <span style="color: red;"><</span> <i>χέω</i> κατ' [[αναλογία]] [[προς]] τα <i>γέρ</i>-<i>αιρα</i>, <i>χίμ</i>-<i>αιρα</i> ή από αμάρτυρο ρηματικό παρ. <i>χεFαρ</i>. Κατ' [[άλλη]] [[άποψη]] -<i>χέαιρα</i> <span style="color: red;"><</span> [[χείρ]], [[οπότε]] η [[δομή]] του συνθ. [[είναι]] ανάλογη του αρχ. ινδ. <i>isu</i>-<i>hasta</i>- «που κρατάει [[βέλος]] στο [[χέρι]] του». Η [[άποψη]] αυτή [[ωστόσο]] δεν ερμηνεύει το [[ἰοχέαιρα]] (ΙΙ)·].<br /><b>(II)</b><br />[[ἰοχέαιρα]], ἡ (Α)<br />(ως επίθ. του φιδιού [[ασπίς]]) αυτή που εκχύνει [[δηλητήριο]] («ἰοχέαιραν τἠν ἀσπίδα τὸ [[ζῷον]]», <b>Νίκ.</b>)<br />[<b><span style="color: brown;">ΕΤΥΜΟΛ.</span></b> <span style="color: red;"><</span> <i>ἰός</i> (ΙΙΙ) <span style="color: red;">+</span> -<i>χέαιρα</i>. Βλ. [[ιοχέαιρα]] (Ι)].

|etymtx=Grammatical information: adj..<br />Meaning: attribute of Artemis, also used as substantive (Hom.; Pi. P. 2, 9 [with shortening of the <b class="b3">ἰ-</b>], poet. inscr.), also of the [[φαρέτρα]] (AP 6, 9); also name of the viper (Nic. Fr. 33).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [16] <b class="b2">*h₂isu-</b> [[arrow]] and [447] <b class="b2">*ǵʰesr-</b> [[hand]]<br />Etymology: Since antiquity mostly explained as <b class="b2">shaking out arrows, arrow-shootress, from ἰός arrow</b> and [[χέω]], cf. [[δούρατ]]' <b class="b3">ἔχευαν Ε</b> 618; through learned play by Nic. referring to [[ἰός]] [[poison]]. The 2. member was shaped after [[χίμαιρα]], [[γέραιρα]] a. o. (Schwyzer 452 a. 475, Chantraine Formation 104); as it never existed as an independent word, it cannot be seen whether it is derived from an <b class="b3">ρ-</b>stem <b class="b3">*χέϜ-αρ</b> (Benveniste Origines 27) or from an <b class="b3">ν-</b>stem ([[πίειρα]] : [[πίων]], [[πέπειρα]] : [[πέπων]]). - However, Heubeck Beitr. z. Namenforschung 7, 275ff. derived it (with Pisani; objections by Belardi Doxa 3, 208, Fraenkel Ling. Posn. 4, 96) from [[ἰός]] and [[χείρ]] as <b class="b2">who has the arrow(s) in her hand</b>; this is supported by Skt. formations, e. g. <b class="b2">íṣu-hasta-</b> [[who holds an arrow in the hand]], <b class="b2">śūla-hasta-</b> <b class="b2">... a lance in ...</b>. On the formal aspects s. on [[χείρ]] (s. v.). - Not with Ehrlich Sprachgeschichte 48 as <b class="b2">crying (a) hunting cry</b> from [[ἰά]] [[cry]] and a verb [[call]] (Skt. <b class="b2">hávate</b>); cf. Kretschmer Glotta 4, 350. Also R. Schmitt, Dicht. u. Dichterspr. 177ff.