ἄφενος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=εος, τό, [[revenue]], [[riches]], [[wealth]], [[abundance]], ἄφενος καὶ πλοῦτον ἀφύξειν <span class="bibl">Il.1.171</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">23.299</span>, <span class="bibl">Thgn.30</span>; μύρμηκος Crates Theb.10.7; of the [[wealth]] of the gods, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>112</span>: masc. acc. [[ἄφενον]] [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Op.</span>24</span>: gen. οιο <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Jov.</span>96</span>, <span class="title">AP</span>9.234 (Crin.); cf. [[ἄφνος]].

|dgtxt=-ους, τό<br /><b class="num">• Morfología:</b> [tb. ὁ ἄ. Hes.<i>Op</i>.24 (var.), Thgn.130; gen. -οιο Call.<i>Iou</i>.96, <i>AP</i> 9.234 (Crinag.)]<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[riqueza]] en origen tal vez proc. de la ganadería μέγα [[γάρ]] οἱ ἔδωκε Ζεὺς ἄ. <i>Il</i>.23.299, οὐδὲ ξυνεείκοσι φωτῶν ἐστ' ἄ. τοσσοῦτον (explicado como riqueza ganadera) <i>Od</i>.14.99, ganadera y agrícola οὐκ ἄ. φεύγων οὐδὲ πλοῦτόν τε καὶ ὄλβον Hes.<i>Op</i>.637, cf. 24, <i>h.Cer</i>.489, unido a otros tipos de riqueza y honores οὐδέ σ' ὀΐω ἔνθαδ' [[ἄτιμος]] ἐὼν ἄ. καὶ πλοῦτον ἀφύξειν <i>Il</i>.1.171, τιμὰς μηδ' ἀρετὰς ἕλκεο μηδ' ἄ. Thgn.30, cf. 130, como propia de dioses, Hes.<i>Th</i>.112, y reyes, Man.3.188<br /><b class="num">•</b>como algo más abstracto [[bien(es)]] ταῦτ' ἄ. θνητοῖσι (el placer, la juventud, la belleza, etc.), Sol.14.7 (= Thgn.725), cf. Call.<i>Iou</i>.94, 96, μύρμηκός τ' ἄ. χρήματα μαιόμενος deseando riquezas como bien de la hormiga</i> Crates.Theb.<i>SHell</i>.359.7, ἐπ' ὄνειρα διαγράψεις ἀφένοιο; <i>AP</i> [[l.c.]]<br /><b class="num">2</b> [[fruto anual]], [[cosecha]] Hsch.<br /><b class="num">• Etimología:</b> Etim. dud. Se ha rel. c. ai. <i>apnas</i> ‘[[riqueza]]’ pero presenta dificultades fonéticas. Tb. se ha rel. c. het. <i>ḫappin</i>- ‘[[rico]]’ y se trataría de un préstamo de alguna lengua anatolia. Para su rel. c. [[ἀφνειός]] se postula una síncopa de la segunda sílaba. Tb. se ha rel. c. ai. <i>aghnyā</i>- ‘[[semental]]’, de *<i>ag^u̯henos</i> de una raíz *<i>g^u̯hen</i>- ‘[[hinchar]]’, ‘[[rebosar]]’, pero es hipotético.

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-0408.png Seite 408]] (Ableitung unsicher, vgl. Buttmann Lexil. 1, 46), τό, [[reichlicher Vorrath]], [[Reichthum]]; Hom. dreimal, Iliad. 1, 171 [[ἄφενος]] καὶ πλοῦτον ἀφύξειν, [[ἄφενος]] u. [[πλοῦτος]] steht auf Homer. Art παραλλήλως, beides bedeutet dasselbe, vgl. Apoll. lex. Hom. p. 48, 30 <b class="b2">[[ἄφενος]]</b> [[πλοῦτος]] – ἀπὸ τούτου καὶ [[ἀφνειος]] ὁ [[πλούσιος]]; Iliad. 23, 299 μέγα γάρ οἱ ἔδωκει Ζεὺς [[ἄφενος]]; Odyss. 14, 99 οὐδὲ [[ξυνεείκοσι]] φωτῶν ἔστ' [[ἄφενος]] τοσσοῦτον· ἐγὼ δέ κέ τοι καταλέξω. δώδεκ' ἐν ἠπείρῳ ἀγέλαι· τόσα [[πώεα]] οἰῶν, τόσσα συῶν συβόσια, τόσ' αἰπόλια πλατέ' αἰγῶν βόσκουσι ξεῖνοί τε καὶ αὐτοῦ βώτορες ἄνδρες. [[ἔνθα]] δέ τ' αἰπόλια πλατέ' αἰγῶν [[ἕνδεκα]] παντα ἐσχατιῇ βόσκοντ, ἐπὶ δ' ἀνέρες ἐσθλοὶ ὀρονται. – αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ σῦς τάσδε [[φυλάσσω]] τε ῥύομαί τε; – vom Reichthume der Götter, Hes. Th. 112. – Bei Hes. O. 24 ist es masc., wie Call. Iov. 96; Crinag. ep. 33 (IX, 234).

|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[wealth]] (Il.). On the meaning Hemelrijk, [[Πενία]], diss. Utrecht 1926.<br />Other forms: m. (after [[πλοῦτος]], Fehrle Phil Woch. 46, 700f).<br />Compounds: [[εὐηφενής]] (Il.; the better attested [[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[εὐηγενής]] is hardly correct; Bechtel, Lex.); also in the PN <b class="b3">Δι-</b>, <b class="b3">Κλε-</b>, <b class="b3">Τιμ-αφένης</b>.<br />Derivatives: (with loss of vowel and remarkable final stress) [[ἀφνειός]] (Il.), later [[ἀφνεός]] [[rich]] (Il.). From here retrograde [[ἄφνος]] n. (Pi. Fr. 219).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] <b class="b2">*h₂bʰen-</b> [[rich]]<br />Etymology: Uncertain. The connection with Skt. <b class="b2">ápnas-</b> n. [[possessions]], [[riches]] (Bréal MSL 13, 382f.; cf. [[ὄμπνη]]; also Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73, 515) is now generally rejected (also as <b class="b2">*apsnos</b>). - The word was one of the corner stones of the Pelasgian theory, which can now be abandoned (also Heubeck's variant, the Minoan-Minyan language: Praegraeca 70). The agreement with Hitt. <b class="b2">happina(nt)-</b> [[rich]], is remarkable. The postulated verb <b class="b2">hap-(zi)</b> is improbable (Puhvel HED 3, 124f). The Hittite word could be IE (Szemerényi Glotta 33, 1954, 275 - 282). Puhvel's [[h₁op-]] is impossible ([[h₁-]] disappears in Hittite); but Lat. [[opulentus]] < <b class="b2">*op-en-ent-</b> is improbable: [[-ulentus]] is a frequent suffix in Latin, and [[-ant]] is very productive in Hittite so that it cannot be projected back into PIE; with it disappears the explanation of [[-ulentus]] (I also doubt the dissmilation [[n]] - [[nt]], with [[t]] after the second [[n]]; there are other difficulties in the theory, as the author indicated); the [[-en-]] has no clear function and is not found elsewhere after [[op-]]; thus the connection of [[opulentus]] with the Hittite word disappears. - Irene Balles (HS 110, 1997) starts from <b class="b2">*n̥-gʷʰn-o-</b>, parallel to [[-io-]] in Skt. <b class="b2">ághnya-</b> <b class="b2">(the valuable animal which is) not to be killed</b>. (She explains the adj., and the accent, from <b class="b2">*n̥gʷʰn-es-o-</b> > <b class="b3">ἀφνεό-</b>, with metrical lengthening in Homer). But she has to explain the full grade from analogy after [[σθένος]], which is improbable; the whole construction is not convincing. - The Greek word is rather IE (cf. archaic [[εὐηφενής]]). For Greek a root <b class="b2">*h₂bʰen-</b> is the obvious reconstruction. The accent and the form [[ἀφνεός]] may be explained following Balles: <b class="b2">*h₂bʰnes-ó-</b>, with ablaut as in [[ἄλγος]] - [[ἀλεγεινός]] (metr. lengthening in Homer is probable as <b class="b3">*ἀφνεοιο</b> is impossible in the hexameter and <b class="b3">*ἀφνεος</b>, <b class="b3">-ν</b> etc. are difficult). Thus the word seem perfectly IE. It cannot be connected with the Hittite word (reading <b class="b2">*ḫpina-</b> is doubtful). A loan from Anatolian would have <b class="b3">κ-</b>, the [[φ]] would be unclear, the s-stem, and the adjective.

|ftr='''ἄφενος''': {áphenos}<br />'''Forms''': (auch m., wohl nach [[πλοῦτος]], vgl. Fehrle Phil Woch. 46, 700f).<br />'''Grammar''': n.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Reichtum]], [[Vermögen]] (ep. poet. seit Il.).<br />'''Derivative''': Davon (mit Vokalsynkope und auffallender Endbetonung) [[ἀφνειός]], [[ἀφνεός]] [[reich]], [[begütert]] (poet. seit Il.; über Gebrauch und Bedeutung Hemelrijk [[Πενία]] en [[Πλοῦτος]]. Diss. Utrecht 1925). Daraus durch Rückbildung [[ἄφνος]] n. (Pi. ''Fr''. 219). — Erweiterte Form [[ἀφνήμων]] (Antim.) nach [[πολυκτήμων]] und anderen Adj. auf -ήμων. — Als Hinterglied in den EN Δι-, Κλε-, Τιμαφένης. — Denominatives Verb [[ἀφνύει]], ἀφνύνει· ὀλβίζει H.; ῥυδὸν ἀφνύνονται· πλουτοῦσιν Suid. (vgl. Schwyzer 728).<br />'''Etymology''': Unerklärt. Die Zusammenstellung mit ai. ''ápnas''- n. [[Besitz]], [[Reichtum]] (Bréal MSL 13, 382f.; vgl. s. [[ὄμπνη]]) ist u. a. von Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73, 515 wieder aufgenommen worden unter Annahme einer Grundform *''apsnos''- (> [[ἄφνος]]), die die offenbar ältere Form [[ἄφενος]] nicht berücksichtigt. — Ältere Versuche bei Bq und WP. 1, 679. "Pelasgische" Erklärung bei van Windekens Le Pélasgique 74f.<br />'''Page''' 1,195