σκάλλω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[[stir up]], [[hoe]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.14</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mir.</span>837b22</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>2.7.5</span>, etc.: metaph., [[search]], [[probe]], σ. τὸ πνεῦμά μου <span class="bibl">[[LXX]] <span class="title">Ps.</span>76(77).7</span>.

|elnltext=σκάλλω poken in, omwoelen;. τὰς ῥῖνας in zijn neus peuteren Hp.

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[to hack]], [[to scrape]] (Hdt., Arist., Thphr., LXX).<br />Other forms: only pres. a. ipf. (aor. ipv. [[περίσκαλον]] Gp.; correct?)<br />Compounds: Rarely w. <b class="b3">δια-</b> a. o. (partly controversial).<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">σκαλ-ίς</b>, <b class="b3">-ίδος</b> f. [[hack]] (Att. onscr. IVa, Str., J.) with <b class="b3">-ιδεύω</b> [[to hack]] (gloss.); 2. <b class="b3">-σις</b> f. [[the hacking]] (Thphr.); 3. <b class="b3">-μός</b> m. <b class="b2">id.</b> (pap. IIIp; on [[σκαλμός]] [[thole]] s. v.); 4. <b class="b3">-ηνός</b> (<b class="b3">-ηνής</b>) [[craggy]], [[rough]], [[uneven]]; of numbers [[odd]], of triangles [[scalene]], of cones [[slant]] (s. Mugler Dict. géom. 377; Democr. ap. Thphr., Hp., Pl., Arist. etc.; on the formation cf. [[γαληνός]]; s. also [[σκολιός]]) with <b class="b3">-ηνία</b>, <b class="b3">-ηνόομαι</b> (Plu.); 5. <b class="b3">ἄ-σκαλος</b> [[unhacked]] (Theoc.; prob. metri c. for [[ἀσκάλευτος]]). Secondary verbs: 1. <b class="b3">σκαλ-εύω</b>, aor. [[σκαλεῦσαι]], also w. <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπο-</b> a. o. [[to hack]], [[to scrape]], [[to stir up]] (Hp., Ar., Arist. etc.) with several derivv.: <b class="b3">σκαλ-εύς</b> m. [[hack]] (X., Poll.; not with Bosshardt 54 from <b class="b3">*σκαλή</b>), <b class="b3">-ευσις</b> f. [[the scraping]] (Aq.), <b class="b3">-ευμα</b> n. [[scrapings]] (sch., H.), <b class="b3">-ευθρον</b> n. [[poker]] (Poll.; cf. Bechtel Dial. 1, 210), <b class="b3">-εία</b> f. [[the hacking]] (Gp. tit.). 2. <b class="b3">σκαλ-ίζω</b> ([[ἀ-]] σκάλλω) <b class="b2">id.</b> (Phryn.) with <b class="b3">-ισμός</b> m. [[the hacking]] (pap., Eun.), <b class="b3">-ιστή-ριον</b> n. [[hack]] (sch.). - On [[σκαλίας]] s.v.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [923f.] <b class="b2">*skel(H)-</b> [[cut]], [[split]]<br />Etymology: As zero grade yot-present [[σκάλλω]] can be formally identified with Lith. <b class="b2">skiliù</b>, inf. <b class="b2">skìlti</b> [[strike fire]]: IE <b class="b2">*skl̥-i̯ō</b> [but the accent shows that the root is disyllabic; s. bel.]. Semantically closer are the innovated nasalpresents <b class="b2">skįlù</b> (<b class="b2">skylù</b>) [[split off]], [[get a tear]] and the full grade <b class="b2">skeliù</b>, <b class="b2">skélti</b> [[split]], also <b class="b2">strike fire (ùgnį) (from a stone)</b>, the last of which is also found in Germ., e.g. ONord. [[skilja]] [[separate]], [[distinguish]]. Diff. again MLG [[schelen]] <b class="b2">id.</b> (PGm. <b class="b2">*skelōn</b>; type Lat. [[secāre]]), Arm. [[c'elum]] [[split]] ([[u-]]pesent; anlaut unclear), Hitt. [[iškallāi-]] [[split]], [[tear apart]] (formation uncertain; s. Kronasser Etymologie $ 200 f., 214). -- The Greek derivv. go all back on ungeminated <b class="b3">σκαλ-</b>, which must not be old, but may have originated after <b class="b3">σφαλ-</b> (: [[σφάλλω]]), <b class="b3">θαλ-</b> (:<b class="b3">θ άλλω</b>) etc. Sophie Minon (RPh. LXXIV 282) reconstructs <b class="b2">*skl̥h₁-ye/o-</b>, assuming that the laryngeal disappeared in this position, after Pinault 1982, 265-272; cf. LIV 500. On [[σκαλαθύρω]] [[sub verbo|s.v.]] -- To the same formal system, but independent of [[σκάλλω]], belong also [[σκαλμός]] [[thole]], [[σκῶλος]], [[σκόλοψ]] etc.; s. vv. A clear separation from the semant. cognate [[κολάπτω]], [[κόλος]], [[κλάω]], [[κελεός]] etc. cannot be achieved; [not here [[σκύλλω]]]. -- The non-Greek formations are innumerable; on this WP. 2, 590ff., Pok. 923ff. w. rich lit.