πρό: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<span class="bld">A</span> [[before]], [[forth]]:<br><span class="bld">A</span> PREP. WITH GENIT.:<br><span class="bld">I</span> of [[place]], [[before]], [[in front of]], ἠγερέθοντο πρὸ ἄστεος Od.24.468, cf. Il.15.351, etc.; πρὸ πτόλιος δεδαϊγμένον 19.292; κείνους κιχησόμεθα πρὸ πυλάων 10.126, cf. 6.80, etc.; φύλοπις αἰνὴ ἕστηκε πρὸ νεῶν 18.172; πυρὰ φαίνετο Ἰλιόθι πρὸ 8.561, cf. 10.12, Od.8.581, etc.; κλαγγὴ γεράνων πέλει οὐρανόθι πρὸ Il.3.3; πρὸ τειχέων Pi.''O.''13.56; <b class="b3">ἔμπροσθε πρό</b> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]]) τῆς ἀκροπόλιος, [[ὄπισθε]] δὲ τῶν πυλέων Hdt.8.53, cf. 9.52; <b class="b3">πρὸ δόμων, πρὸ δωμάτων</b>, [[in front of]], i.e. [[outside]] the [[house]], Pi.''P.''2.18, 5.96, etc.; πρὸ θυρῶν S.''El.''109 (anap.), etc.; <b class="b3">τὴν πρὸ τοῦ Ἡραίου νῆσον</b> [[before]] or [[off]] the [[Heraeum]], Th.3.75, cf. 7.22; <b class="b3">πρὸ ποδός</b>, v. [[πούς]] 1.4a; [[πρὸ χειρῶν]] = [[at hand]], S.''Ant.''1279, E. ''Rh.''274, dub. in ''Tr.''1207; πρὸ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν προφαίνεσθαι Aeschin. 2.148.<br><span class="bld">2</span> with Vbs. of motion, πρὸ δ' ἄρ' αὐτῶν κύνες ἤϊσαν Od. 19.435, cf. Il.23.115; πρὸ Ἀχαιῶν ἄγγελος ᾔει 10.286, cf. 13.693; πρὸ ἕθεν κλονέοντα φάλαγγας 5.96.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[before]], [[in front of]], for the [[purpose]] of [[shielding]] or [[guarding]], πρὸ Τρώων ἑσταότ' Il.24.215: hence, [[in defence of]], μάχεσθαι . . πρὸ τε παίδων καὶ πρὸ γυναικῶν 8.57, cf. 4.156, 373, Hdt.8.74, etc.; [[ὀλέσθαι πρὸ πόληος]], [[die for the fatherland]], [[die for one's country]], Lat. [[pro patria mori]], Il.22.110; πρὸ τῆς Σπάρτης ἀποθνῄσκειν Hdt.7.134, cf. 172,9.72, E.''Alc.''18, 645, etc.; πρὸ τοῦ θανόντος . . ἔθεσθ' ἐπιστροφήν S.''OT''134; διακινδυνεῦσαι πρὸ βασιλέως [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''8.8.4; <b class="b3">βουλεύεσθαι, πράττειν πρὸ τινός</b>, ib.1.6.42, 4.5.44, cf. ''Mem.''2.4.7; <b class="b3">πρὸ τοξευμάτων</b> as a [[defence]] [[against]] [[arrow]]s, Id.''An.''7.8.18: hence also, [[for]], [[on behalf of]], [[instead of]], <b class="b3">ἀγρυπνῆσαι πρὸ τινῶν</b> ib.7.6.36, cf. ''Leg.Gort.''1.43; of an [[advocate]], πρὸ τῶνδε φωνεῖν S.''OT''10, cf. ''OC''811; <b class="b3">ὄτι δέ κ' αὐτὸς πρὸ Ειαυτοῦ [ἀμάρτῃ]</b> [[whatever]] [[offence]] he [[commit]]s [[of]] his own [[volition]], Kohler-Ziebarth ''Stadtrecht von Gortyn'' p.34.<br><span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">πρὸ ὁδοῦ ἐγένοντο</b> [[further on]] the road, i.e. [[forwards]], [[onward]], Il.4.382, cf. Ael.''NA''3.16,7.29 (v. [[φροῦδος]]): also to denote [[distance]], πρὸ πολλοῦ τῆς πόλεως D.H.9.35; πρὸ τριάκοντα σταδίων [[at a distance of]] 30 stades, Str.8.6.24.<br><span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">πρὸ ἠοῦς, πρὸ ἑσπέρης τοῦ βωμοῦ</b>, [[eastwards]], [[westwards]] of. ., ''IG''7.235.45 (Orop., iv B.C.).<br><span class="bld">II</span> of [[time]], [[before]], πρὸ γάμοιο Od.15.524; ἠῶθι πρὸ 5.469; <b class="b3">πρὸ ὃ τοῦ ἐνόησεν</b> one [[before]] the other, Il.10.224; more freq. in later writers, πρὸ τῶν Τρωικῶν Th.1.3, cf. 1.1; πρὸ τοῦ θανεῖν S.''Ant.''883; πρὸ τοῦ θανάτου Pl.''Phd.''57a; πρὸ τοῦ λοιμοῦ Id.''Smp.''201d; πρὸ δείπνου [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]'' 5.5.39; <b class="b3">πρὸ ἡμέρας</b> ib.4.5.14; <b class="b3">πρὸ τοῦ χρῆσθαι</b> [[before]] one uses it, Id.''Mem.''2.6.6; <b class="b3">πρὸ μοίρας τῆς ἐμῆς</b> [[before]] my [[doom]], A.''Ag.''1266; πρὸ τῆς εἱμαρμένης Antipho 1.21; πρὸ τοῦ καθήκοντος χρόνου Aeschin.3.126, cf. 124; <b class="b3">πρὸ πολλοῦ</b> long [[before]], Hdt.7.130, etc.; <b class="b3">πρὸ μικροῦ, πρὸ ὀλίγου</b>, Plu.''Pomp.''73, App.''BC''2.116; ὀλίγον πρὸ τούτων Th.2.8; <b class="b3">τὸ πρὸ τοῦ</b> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[τούτου]]) ib.15; <b class="b3">πρὸ τοῦ</b> (sts. written [[προτοῦ]]) A.''Ag.''1204, Hdt.1.122, 5.83, Ar.''Th.''418, Pl.''Smp.''173a; ὁ πρὸ τοῦ χρόνος A.''Eu.''462, Th.2.58, etc.; <b class="b3">πρὸ τοῦ ἤ</b>, = [[πρὶν ἤ]], ''IG''7.2225.22 (Thisbe); οἱ πρὸ ἡμῶν γενόμενοι Isoc.13.19; οἱ πρὸ ἐμοῦ Th.1.97.<br><span class="bld">2</span> in later writers freq. with Numerals, <b class="b3">πρὸ τριάκοντα ἡμερῶν</b> thirty days [[before]], Ael.''NA''5.52; πρὸ μιᾶς ἡμέρας Plu.''Caes.''63; πρὸ ἐνιαυτοῦ Id.2.147e; πρὸ δυεῖν ἡμερῶν ἢ ἐτελεύτα Id.''Sull.''37: freq. c. dupl. gen., <b class="b3">πρὸ δύο ἐτῶν τοῦ σεισμοῦ, πρὸ δύο ὡρῶν τῆς ἐπιβολῆς</b>, [[LXX]] ''Am.''1.1, Dsc.1.64; <b class="b3">πρὸ ἓξ ἡμερῶν τοῦ πάσχα, πρὸ μιᾶς ἡμέρας τῶν γενεθλίων</b>, ''Ev.Jo.''12.1, Plu. 2.717d; πρὸ πολλοῦ τῆς ἑορτῆς Luc.''Sat.''14.<br><span class="bld">b</span> in rendering Roman dates, <b class="b3">τῇ πρὸ μιᾶς Νωνῶν Ὀκτωβρίων</b>, = pridie Non. Oct., Plu.2.203a, etc.<br><span class="bld">III</span> in other relations:<br><span class="bld">1</span> of Preference, [[before]], [[rather than]], <b class="b3">κέρδος αἰνῆσαι πρὸ δίκας</b> to praise sleight [[before]] right, Pi.''P.''4.140, cf. Pl.''R.''361e; <b class="b3">πᾶν δὴ βουλόμενοι σφίσι εἶναι πρὸ τῆς παρεούσης λύπης</b> anything [[before]], [[rather than]], their actual trouble, Hdt.7.152 (so, [[in order to avoid]], πρὸ τοῦ δεινοτάτου D.54.19); πᾶν πρὸ τοῦ δουλεῦσαι ἐπεξελθεῖν Th.5.100, cf.4.59; [[ἑλέσθαι]], [[αἱρεῖσθαι]], or <b class="b3">κρῖναί τι πρὸ τινός</b> to [[choose]] one [[before]] another, Id.5.36, Pl.''R.''366b, ''Phlb.''57e; <b class="b3">πρὸ πολλοῦ ποιήσασθαι</b> to esteem [[above]] much, i.e. very highly, Isoc.5.138; πρὸ πολλῶν χρημάτων τιμήσασθαί τι Th.1.33, cf.6.10; <b class="b3">πρὸ ἄλλων</b> [[more than]] others, Pl.''Mx.''249e ([[varia lectio|v.l.]]), cf. A. ''Th.''1002; <b class="b3">δυσδαίμων . . πρὸ πασᾶν γυναικῶν</b> ib.927 (codd., lyr.); πρὸ πάντων θεῶν τῇ Ἑστίᾳ πρώτῃ προθύειν [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Cratylus|Cra.]]'' 401d: after a Comp. it is redundant, ἡ τυραννὶς πρὸ ἐλευθερίης ἀσπαστότερον Hdt.1.62, cf.6.12, Pl.''Ap.''28d, ''Cri.''54b, ''Phd.''99a; for [[ἤ]] after ἄλλος, οὐδεὶς ἄλλος πρὸ σεῦ Hdt.3.85, cf.7.3.<br><span class="bld">2</span> of Cause or Motive, [[for]], [[from]], [[πρὸ φόβοιο]] = [[for fear]], Il.17.667; <b class="b3">ἀθλεύων πρὸ ἄνακτος</b> toiling [[before the face of]], i.e. in his [[service]], 24.734; <b class="b3">πρὸ τῶνδε</b> [[therefore]], S.''El.''495 (lyr.).<br><span class="bld">B</span> POSITION: words may be put between π. and its case, Il.23.115; but it does not follow its case, exc. after Ep.forms in <b class="b3">-θι, Ἰλιόθι πρό, οὐρανόθι πρό, ἠῶθι πρό</b> (v. supr.).<br><span class="bld">C</span> [[πρό]], abs. as ADV.:<br><span class="bld">I</span> of [[place]], [[before]], opp. [[ἐπί]] ([[after]]), Il. 13.799, 800; [[before]], [[in front]], 15.360; [[forth]], [[forward]], ἐκ δ' ἄγαγε πρὸ φόωσδε 19.118; <b class="b3">χωρεῖν πρὸ δόμων</b> to come [[forth]] from, S.''Tr.''960 (lyr.); ἄγειν τινὰ πρὸ δόμων E.''Hec.''59 (anap.); <b class="b3">γῆν πρὸ γῆς ἐλαύνομαι</b> I am driven [[on]] from one land to another, A.''Pr.''682; διώκειν γῆν πρὸ γῆς [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[Acharnians|Ach.]]''235.<br><span class="bld">II</span> of [[time]], [[before]], πρό οἱ εἴπομεν Od.1.37; [[earlier]], τά τ' ἐσσόμενα πρὸ τ' ἐόντα Hes. ''Th.''32,38.<br><span class="bld">III</span> when joined with other Preps., [[ἀποπρό]], [[διαπρό]], [[ἐπιπρό]], [[περιπρό]], [[προπρό]], it strengthens the first Prep., or adds to it the notion of [[forward]], [[forth]].<br><span class="bld">D</span> [[πρό]] IN COMPOS.<br><span class="bld">I</span> with Substs., to denote<br><span class="bld">1</span> [[position]] [[before]] or [[in front]], [[πρόδομος]], [[προάστιον]], [[πρόθυρον]], [[προπύλαια]], etc.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[priority of rank]], [[πρόεδρος]], [[προεδρία]], etc.: also [[priority of order]], [[προάγων]], [[πρόλογος]], [[προοίμιον]], [[προπάτωρ]], etc.<br><span class="bld">3</span> standing in another's [[place]], [[πρόμαντις]], [[πρόξενος]].<br><span class="bld">II</span> with Adjs., to denote<br><span class="bld">1</span> [[proximity]], [[πρόχειρος]]; and [[readiness]], [[πρόθυμος]], [[πρόφρων]].<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[away]] (cf. ΙΙΙ.3 infr.), [[προθέλυμνος]], [[πρόρριζος]].<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[prematureness]], [[πρόμοιρος]], [[πρόωρος]].<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[intensity]], [[πρόπας]], [[πρόπαρ]], [[προπάροιθε]]; so also [[πρόκακος]], [[πρόπαλαι]].<br><span class="bld">III</span> with Verbs,<br><span class="bld">1</span> of [[place]], [[before]], [[forwards]], [[προβαίνω]], [[προβάλλω]], [[προτίθημι]], etc.: also, [[before]], [[in defence]], [[προκινδυνεύω]], [[προμάχομαι]], etc.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[forth]], [[προέλκω]], [[προφέρω]].<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[publicly]], [[προγράφω]], [[προειπεῖν]], [[πρόκειμαι]].<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[away]], [[προδίδωμι]], [[προϊάλλω]], [[προϊάπτω]], [[προΐημι]], [[προλείπω]], [[προρέω]], [[προτέμνω]], [[προτρέπομαι]], [[προφεύγω]], [[προχέω]].<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[in preference]], [[προαιροῦμαι]], [[προτιμάω]], etc.<br><span class="bld">5</span> [[before]], [[beforehand]], [[προαισθάνομαι]], [[προγίγνομαι]], [[προκαταλαμβάνω]], etc.; of [[foresight]], [[προνοέω]], [[προοράω]].<br><span class="bld">E</span> Etymology: cf. Lat. <b class="b3">προ-</b>, Slav. pro-, Skt. pra-, etc., in compounds.